【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(十四)及答案解析.doc

1、英语-阅读理解(十四)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、lilist-style-type:n(总题数：9，分数：90.00)A new report of the United Nations shows that, if the present growth rate of 2 percent per year continues, todays world population of 5.1 billion will hit 6.4 billion by the year 2000.Whats more, the great part of the growth-9

2、 of every 10 people added to the earths population-will be in the poor and undeveloped countries. These are the nations where providing enough food for billions of people already is proving to be a headachy problem.By the year 2000, todays “have not“ nations will have a total population of 5 billion

3、 people, nearly four fifths of the worlds population.Food isnt the only problem that such a population explosion presents. The more people there are and the worse their living conditions, the greater grows the possibility of all kinds of social problems.In 1830, world population reached 1 billion. I

4、t took only 1 ) more years to add another billion to world population; just 30 more to add a third billion. And it took just 15 more years to reach the 4 billion mark in 1975.Actually, the worlds birth rate is falling. But so is death rate, as medical advances have made it possible for man to live l

5、onger than before. Such advances have also reduced baby death rate. Unless population growth is reduced, the world population may reach 12 billion in a century. Is the earth capable of providing a good life for so large a population?（分数：10.00）(1).A population explosion will lead to _. A. a lot of so

6、cial problems B. medical advances C. a decrease in food production D. a worse life in every country（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It took years for world population to grow form 1 billion to 3 billion. A. 100 B. 115 C. 130 D. 145（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By the year 2000, todays _ nations will have a total populat

7、ion of 5 billion people, nearly four fifths of the worlds population. A. biggest B. Asian C. developing D. developed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4)._, the world may have a population of 12 billion in a century. A. If man can live longer in the future B. If the science of medicine is developing fast enough C. I

8、f the population growth is not reduced D. If the earth is able to provide a good life for more people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).This passage tells us that _. A. the United Nations thinks it possible to avoid a population explosion B. 5.1 billion people are living in the undeveloped countries C. in advance

9、d nations the population growth is being controlled D. the worlds population is increasing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers (消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives

10、that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most-people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or decreasing incomes-he would probably answer, those with decreasing incomes. Actually in the years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with ris

11、ing incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions (假设) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they wil

12、l hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true.The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising pr

13、ices. “In a few months,“ she said, “well have pay more for meat and milk；well have less to spend on other things. “ Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyers resistance may b

14、e produced. This is shown by the following typical comment. “I just dont pay these prices； they are too high. “ The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. The condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that th

15、ey are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way spend their money, he should _. A. rely on tradi

16、tional assumptions about earning and spending B. try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money C. carry out investigations on consumer behavior and get data on consumers incomes and money spending motives D. do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According

17、 to paragraph 2, one traditional assumption is that people with incomes borrow most. A. average B. stable C. decreasing D. rising（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to paragraph 2, research surveys have proved that _. A. price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy things B. rising prices may

18、 make people put off their purchase of certain things C. women are more sensitive to the rising in prices than men D. the expectations of price increases often make buyers feel angry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article _. A. concludes that the saving and s

19、pending patterns in Great Britain are better than those in America B. concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stable C. concludes that maintaining stable prices is a correct business policy D. does not draw any conclusion（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is a

20、lways true according to the surveys mentioned in the passage? A. Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease. B. Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect prices to increase. C. The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior. D. Traditional assumpt

21、ions about earning and spending are reliable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion poll (民意测验). Lately some union officials have suggested that t

22、oo many women are employed in types of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women-especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficie

23、ncy.To solve the problem, they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.The su

24、ggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation was. The other 4 said they would like to re turn home if their jobs could be taken by t

25、heir sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs, if it meant higher wages for themselves.Some other people have suggested another way called “phased employment theory“. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when sh

26、e is seven months pregnant (妊娠) and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of three. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the three-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Som

27、e of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.（分数：10.00）(1).Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because _. A. all of them are employed in unsuitable typ

28、es of work B. most skilled male workers are now unemployed C. their participation in work has a bad influence on the economic development D. nowadays no one can take care of children except women（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some union officials have suggested that if women resign their jobs, _. A. they shou

29、ld be allowed to attend school to be trained B. their jobs should be taken over by the male members of their families C. the male employees in their families should receive double wages D. their children should also leave their kindergartens（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the suggesti

30、on that women should return to housework was _. A. opposed by most men and women B. welcomed by men only C. welcomed by women only D. welcomed by men and women（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the passage we can see “phased employment“ means _. A. two or more women share the same job B. women stay at home o

31、n weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays C. a woman should resign her job forever if she has a child D. women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the “phased employment“ theory, during a womans leave from her job _. A. h

32、er work should be done by her husband or brothers B. either her husband or her brothers will be given double wages C. her family can still keep the same level of income D. her familys income level will be a little lower than it normally is（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The market investigation is indispensable to

33、 sales promotion. They are closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and supp

34、liers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are

35、quoting (报价), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselors offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making marke

36、t investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Expo

37、rt Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations.（分数：10.00）(1).In making market investigation, one should _. A. get enough information concerne

38、d B. advertise his products C. produce high quality goods D. none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “indispensable“ in the first line means _. A. impossible B. essential C. advisable D. available（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The relationship between m

39、arket investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth. B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigation. C. There are various ways of making market investigation. D. Production goes before market investigation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Making market

40、 investigation is very important because _. A. in market, goods on sale are numerous B. every producer is facing keen competition C. it can greatly promote sales D. all of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).All the following are channels to get market information EXCEPT _. A. to have commercial counselor

41、s office of our embassies stationed abroad B. to promote the quality of our own products C. to send trade groups abroad every now and then D. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.What will man be like in the future-in 5 000 or even 50 000 years from now? We can only ma

42、ke a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time.Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is

43、 a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brains capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and even

44、tually we shall need larger ones. This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period

45、of time it is likely that mans eyes will grow stronger.On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will growmore sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair

46、? It will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at. This may well

47、be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage tells us about _. A. how mans life will be in the future B. how future man will look like

48、C. the fact that mans organs will function differently in the future D. the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The evidence that man is changing is that _. A. man has been growing taller over the past 500 years B. man has got stronger eyes than he ever had C. mans hair is getting thinner and thinner D. mans limbs are getting weaker because he tends to make less use of them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Mans forehead will grow larger because _. A. he will make use of only about 20% of the brains capacity B. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time C. he