【考研类试卷】英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12及答案解析.doc

1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 12及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting

2、from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult“ , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.There has been a maxim in 1which claims that “You are what you say. “（中山大学

3、 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by 1.（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Y“s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of 1.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Pr

4、omising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10. 1 is the information that the addresser believes is known to t

5、he addressee, while 2is the information that the addresser believes is not known to the addressee.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11. 1represents what the utterance is about; 2is what is said about it.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.“Linguistic relativity“ was proposed by 1and 2.（清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_13.Language vari

6、eties other than the standard are called nonstandard, 1language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.A speech 1is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.A 1language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech comm

7、unity.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.A linguistic 1refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite“ society from general use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the 1attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.In terms of sociolingui

8、stics, 1is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person“s language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, 1inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cul

9、tures and different languages.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20. 1is the mental process of classification, while 2is the products of the preceding process.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_21. 1is an approach to the analysis of natural language that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveyi

10、ng information.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.There are three aspects in basic-level categories; 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as 1.（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.Error

11、 is the grammatically incorrect form; 1 appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.In learning a second language, a learner will subconsciously use his L1 knowledge. This process is called language 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专

12、业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 12答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）

13、填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：co 一 hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says “The exam this year is go

14、ing to be really difficult“ , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。)5.There has been a maxim in 1which claims that “You are what you say. “（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：quantity）解析：解析：（格莱斯的数量准则指 1使你

15、的话语如（交谈的当前目的)所要求的那样信息充分；2不要使你的话语比要求的信息更充分。即说你该说的。)6.The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by 1.（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Grice）解析：解析：（格赖斯认为一定存在一些管理话语产生和理解的机制。他把这种机制称为合作原则，在这个大原则下有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。)7.Y“s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates th

16、e maxim of 1.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：relation）解析：解析：（很显然 Y的回答与 X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起?”无关。)8.Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：commissives）解析：解析：（承诺类指说话人使自己对某一未来

17、的行为做出许诺。)9. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Cohesion）解析：解析：（衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。)10. 1 is the information that the addresser believ

18、es is known to the addressee, while 2is the information that the addresser believes is not known to the addressee.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Given information：new information）解析：解析：（已知信息是指说话者认为听话者已经知道的信息，而新信息是指说话者认为听话者不知道的信息。)11. 1represents what the utterance is about; 2is what is said about it.（分

19、数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：The topic；the comment）解析：解析：（话题是谈话的主题，述题是围绕主题所谈论的内容。)12.“Linguistic relativity“ was proposed by 1and 2.（清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Sapir）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Whorf）解析：解析：（萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说认为，一方面，语言可以决定我们的思维方式；另一方面，语言之间的相似性是相对的，结构性差异越大，反映出对于世界认识的越不同。因此，这个假说也被称作“语言决定论”和“语言相对主义”。)1

20、3.Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, 1language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：vernacular）解析：解析：（凡属标准语之外的那些语言变体都被叫做非标准语或本地语。)14.A speech 1is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：community）解析：解析：（语言社区

21、指的是说同一种语言或语言变体的一群人。)15.A 1language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：creole）解析：解析：（克里奥尔语最初也是在一些言语社区中作为本族语发展起来的一种皮钦语。)16.A linguistic 1refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite“ society f

22、rom general use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：taboo）解析：解析：（禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。)17.Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the 1attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：social）解析：解析：（语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。)18.In t

23、erms of sociolinguistics, 1is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person“s language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：idiolect）解析：解析：（从社会语言学的角度讲，个人习语指个人语言风格。)19.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, 1inevi

24、tably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：bilingualism）解析：解析：（双语现象源于不同文化和不同语言相互交流的结果。双语是对于两种或更多语言的了解及经常使用的能力。)20. 1is the mental process of classification, while 2is the products of the preceding process.（分数：2.00）

25、填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Categorization）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Category）解析：解析：（范畴化是人类对经验进行分类的过程。范畴是范畴化的产物。)21. 1is an approach to the analysis of natural language that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveying information.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Cognitive linguistics）解析：解析：

26、（认知语言学是一种研究自然语言的方法，集中研究语言组织，处理与传达信息的作用。)22.There are three aspects in basic-level categories; 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Perception； communication； knowledge organization）解析：解析：（基本层次范畴的三方面：感知、交流和知识系统。)23.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still

27、 in the process of learning a language is often referred to as 1.（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：interlanguage）解析：解析：（中介语是在外语或第二语言学习中形成的。)24.Error is the grammatically incorrect form; 1 appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：mistake）解析：解析：（mistake 是指在语法上正确但在交流语境中不恰当。)25.In learning a second language, a learner will subconsciously use his L1 knowledge. This process is called language 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：transfer）解析：解析：（学习第二语言时不自觉地使用第一语言的过程叫语言移转。)