【考研类试卷】英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编43及答案解析.doc

1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 43 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.今年初，我曾经讲过，今年恐怕是中国经济最为困难的一年。我国遭受了严重的雨雪冰冻灾害和特大地震灾害，又面临国内外复杂多变的环境。我们克服重重困难，保持了经济平稳较快发展的态势。上半年国内生产总值同比增长 104；农业发展势头良好，夏粮连续五年增产；投资、消费、出口三大需求增长趋向均衡，经济发展协调性增强；产业结构调整加快，节能减排取得明显成效，财政收入和企业利润保持较快增长，发展质量和效益进一步提高；城镇就业持续增加，城乡居民收入继

2、续提高；近几个月来，居民消费价格指数涨幅逐月回落。总的看来，中国经济发展的基本面没有改变，正朝着宏观调控的预期方向发展。（分数：2.00）_3.我们参观博物馆时，常会看到各种古代铜镜古代人用来整容的家庭日用品。这些铜镜大多是从古墓中出土的、也有少数是传世之物。 早在公元前 11 世纪，先民已经使用铜镜了。战国时期，铜镜在民间盛行。镜的正面磨光发亮，背面饰单层或双层花纹，常见的有兽面纹、花叶纹、龙凤纹等。西汉时期，铜镜较厚重，纹饰多几何图案、神人和禽兽纹等。并有铸刻铭文，每句仅三至四字，例如：“长相思”、“毋相忘”、“常富贵”、“乐未央”等。内容多是通俗的吉祥语。宋、元时期出现了圆镜、长方镜、八

3、棱镜和带柄手镜等。清代以后，逐渐被玻璃镜所代替。(248 字)（分数：2.00）_4.文化是沟通人与人心灵和情感的桥梁，是国与国加深理解和信任的纽带。文化交流比政治交流更久远，比经济交流更深刻。随着时光的流逝和时代的变迁，许多人物和事件都会变成历史，但文化却永远存在，历久弥新，并长时间地影响着人们的思想和生活。不同的地域环境造就了不同的文化底蕴，形成了各具特色的文化形态，它们如同浩瀚苍穹的璀璨群星，交相辉映，光耀宇宙。正是文化的多样性，使不同文化相互影响，相互交融，相互促进，推动了人类文明的进步，也丰富了人类的生活。(218 words)（分数：2.00）_5.现在看手机、网络的越来越多，读报

4、的渐渐少了，有人说将来报纸会不会消失?我们当今的社会还是报纸等传统媒体和网络等新媒体并存，体现了两种不同的生活方式。一种人只看网不看报，一种人只看报不会上网，当然还有两种兼顾。年轻人往往只看网络，不读报纸，这和生活工作方式有关，上网办公、交谈、收发邮件，顺手搜一下各类新闻，很便捷；以为时下的新闻知道了，就不去翻报纸。但我觉得不读报是会有损失的。因为有些报纸能给你的东西不全在网上，网络上更多的是即时的信息碎片，更丰富的生活血肉和富于原创性的、有深度的文章还是需要从报纸等纸质媒体来获取。还有，我总觉得一个人的修养很难在电脑前形成。需要在一些实际的文化空间里渐渐体验与形成，比如博物馆、画廊、剧场以及

5、各种各样的交际，还有读书看报。我想，如果我们的报办得好，读报将来在中国也会成为生活和文化方式之一，一个丰富的社会不会只要一种生活和文化的方式。（分数：2.00）_6.粮食安全始终是人类生存发展面临的首要问题，“人人粮食安全”是基本人权。世界粮食安全面临越来越多的非传统挑战和日趋复杂的形势。世界粮食安全的薄弱环节在发展中国家。利用粮食等生产生物燃料对粮食安全的影响不容忽视，气候变化对粮食安全也带来长期挑战。 中国高度重视农业和粮食问题，坚持立足国内实现粮食基本自给的方针，通过加大资金投人、加强农田水利建设、加快农业科技进步等政策和措施，稳定提高粮食和农业综合生产能力。中国用占不到世界 9的耕地，

6、解决了世界近 21人口的吃饭问题，提前实现了联合国千年发展目标(MDG)减贫目标。 中国政府在解决自身粮食安全问题的同时，还在南南合作框架内向有关发展中国家提供了力所能及的农业援助，包括建设农业技术示范中心、提供农业技术援助、提供紧急人道主义粮食援助等，为这些发展中国家提高粮食安全水平作出了自己的贡献。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 43 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.今年初，我曾经讲过，今年恐怕是中国经济最为困难的一年。我国遭受了严重的雨雪冰冻灾害和特大地震灾害，又面临国

7、内外复杂多变的环境。我们克服重重困难，保持了经济平稳较快发展的态势。上半年国内生产总值同比增长 104；农业发展势头良好，夏粮连续五年增产；投资、消费、出口三大需求增长趋向均衡，经济发展协调性增强；产业结构调整加快，节能减排取得明显成效，财政收入和企业利润保持较快增长，发展质量和效益进一步提高；城镇就业持续增加，城乡居民收入继续提高；近几个月来，居民消费价格指数涨幅逐月回落。总的看来，中国经济发展的基本面没有改变，正朝着宏观调控的预期方向发展。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： As I said earlier in the year, 2008 could be the most

8、difficult year for China“ s economy. We experienced heavy snow and sleet storms and the devastating earthquake and faced a complex and changing situation both at home and abroad. Yet, we have overcome difficulties one after another and maintained the momentum of steady and fast economic growth. In t

9、he first six months, the GDP grew by 10. 4% over the corresponding period of last year. Agriculture has enjoyed good development and summer crops have registered five consecutive years of increase. The demands for investment, consumption and export are growing in a more balanced way, and there is be

10、tter coordination in economic development. With accelerated adjustment in the industrial structure, marked progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, and fairly rapid increase in fiscal revenue and business profits, the quality and efficiency of development have been further enhanced. M

11、ore jobs have been created in urban areas, and urban and rural income continues to grow. The consumer price index has been coming down in recent months. In short, the economic fundamentals in China remain unchanged and the economy is moving in the direction envisaged in the macro-economic control po

12、licy.)解析：3.我们参观博物馆时，常会看到各种古代铜镜古代人用来整容的家庭日用品。这些铜镜大多是从古墓中出土的、也有少数是传世之物。 早在公元前 11 世纪，先民已经使用铜镜了。战国时期，铜镜在民间盛行。镜的正面磨光发亮，背面饰单层或双层花纹，常见的有兽面纹、花叶纹、龙凤纹等。西汉时期，铜镜较厚重，纹饰多几何图案、神人和禽兽纹等。并有铸刻铭文，每句仅三至四字，例如：“长相思”、“毋相忘”、“常富贵”、“乐未央”等。内容多是通俗的吉祥语。宋、元时期出现了圆镜、长方镜、八棱镜和带柄手镜等。清代以后，逐渐被玻璃镜所代替。(248 字)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Whenever

13、 we visit a museum, we see various types of ancient bronze mirrors. Used as a household necessity for dressing by the ancient Chinese people, these bronze mirrors were mostly unearthed from ancient tombs, while some are kept as heirlooms. Our ancestors started to use bronze mirrors in as early as th

14、e 11th century B. C. During the Warring States Period, bronze mirrors prevailed among the populace. The front side of the mirrors, after being polished, glistens while the backside is embellished with single-layered or double-layered patterns, among which the commonly seen are thus of animal faces,

15、flowers and leaves, dragons and phoenixes. During the Western Han Period, the bronze mirrors used to be relatively thick and heavy. Most of the decorative patterns were of geometrical forms, supernatural figures, or fowls and animals, accompanied by inscriptions of only three or four characters with

16、 such meanings as “eternal love“ , “never to forget“ , “wealth for ever“ and “everlasting happiness“. The content frequently dealt with common well-wishings. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties the bronze mirrors appeared in all shapes: round, rectangular, rhomboidal, octagonal, and those with a hand

17、le. Since the Qing Dynasty, however, the bronze mirror has gradually given way to the glass mirror.)解析：4.文化是沟通人与人心灵和情感的桥梁，是国与国加深理解和信任的纽带。文化交流比政治交流更久远，比经济交流更深刻。随着时光的流逝和时代的变迁，许多人物和事件都会变成历史，但文化却永远存在，历久弥新，并长时间地影响着人们的思想和生活。不同的地域环境造就了不同的文化底蕴，形成了各具特色的文化形态，它们如同浩瀚苍穹的璀璨群星，交相辉映，光耀宇宙。正是文化的多样性，使不同文化相互影响，相互交融，相互促

18、进，推动了人类文明的进步，也丰富了人类的生活。(218 words)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Culture is a bridge that connects people“ s heart and emotions, a bond that enhances mutual understanding and trust between two states. Cultural exchange has a longer history than political exchange , a more profound impact than economic exchan

19、ge. As time goes by, things begin to change. Many prominent figures and events will fade into history, but culture lives on. It gets ever stronger and vital with the passage of time, and has an enduring influence on the way we think and live. Different geographies have nurtured a variety of cultures

20、, each with unique feature and attributes. They are like the shining stars in the sky, adding radiance to each other and illuminating the vast universe. It is the diversity of cultures that inspires different cultures to interact with each other, influence each other and promote each other, thereby

21、advancing human civilization and enriching our lives.)解析：5.现在看手机、网络的越来越多，读报的渐渐少了，有人说将来报纸会不会消失?我们当今的社会还是报纸等传统媒体和网络等新媒体并存，体现了两种不同的生活方式。一种人只看网不看报，一种人只看报不会上网，当然还有两种兼顾。年轻人往往只看网络，不读报纸，这和生活工作方式有关，上网办公、交谈、收发邮件，顺手搜一下各类新闻，很便捷；以为时下的新闻知道了，就不去翻报纸。但我觉得不读报是会有损失的。因为有些报纸能给你的东西不全在网上，网络上更多的是即时的信息碎片，更丰富的生活血肉和富于原创性的、有深度

22、的文章还是需要从报纸等纸质媒体来获取。还有，我总觉得一个人的修养很难在电脑前形成。需要在一些实际的文化空间里渐渐体验与形成，比如博物馆、画廊、剧场以及各种各样的交际，还有读书看报。我想，如果我们的报办得好，读报将来在中国也会成为生活和文化方式之一，一个丰富的社会不会只要一种生活和文化的方式。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Nowadays, the number of people browsing through cellphones and the Internet is increasing, while reading newspapers is becoming less

23、 popular. Some even doubt whether newspapers would perish in the future. Fortunately, in our present society, traditional media like newspapers and new media like Internet coexist, which symbolizes two different ways of life. There“re people surfing the Internet only and reading no newspaper, wherea

24、s there“re people who read newspapers rather than surf the Internet, and of course, we have those who do both. The younger generation tend to choose Internet over newspapers just because of the way they live and work. They rely on the Internet to handle their business, converse with each other as we

25、ll as send and receive emails, and thus they find it much easier to viewing all kinds of news onlinethey think they can know what“s going on without reading newspapers. However, I maintain that reading no newspaper is surely a loss as the information provided by newspapers is not always accessible o

26、n the Internet. Fragmentary and instant information is what the Internet has in store, and the need for more abundant life stories and articles of originality and profundity can only be satisfied by paper media like newspapers. Besides, I have always thought that one“s self-cultivation can hardly be

27、 achieved in front of the computer. It has to be formed gradually through real cultural atmosphere like in museums, galleries, theatres and other social interactions; reading books and newspapers is also indispensable. I“m thinking that if we manage to improve our newspapers, perhaps reading newspap

28、ers will be part of our people“s daily life and cultural activities for a liberal society cannot do without diversity.)解析：6.粮食安全始终是人类生存发展面临的首要问题，“人人粮食安全”是基本人权。世界粮食安全面临越来越多的非传统挑战和日趋复杂的形势。世界粮食安全的薄弱环节在发展中国家。利用粮食等生产生物燃料对粮食安全的影响不容忽视，气候变化对粮食安全也带来长期挑战。 中国高度重视农业和粮食问题，坚持立足国内实现粮食基本自给的方针，通过加大资金投人、加强农田水利建设、加快农业

29、科技进步等政策和措施，稳定提高粮食和农业综合生产能力。中国用占不到世界 9的耕地，解决了世界近 21人口的吃饭问题，提前实现了联合国千年发展目标(MDG)减贫目标。 中国政府在解决自身粮食安全问题的同时，还在南南合作框架内向有关发展中国家提供了力所能及的农业援助，包括建设农业技术示范中心、提供农业技术援助、提供紧急人道主义粮食援助等，为这些发展中国家提高粮食安全水平作出了自己的贡献。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Food security has always been the primary task facing the survival and development of

30、 human beings and “to ensure food security for everyone“ has become a fundamental human right. The world food security is confronted with more and more non-traditional challenges as well as increasingly complicated situations. The weakness of the world food security lies in developing countries. The

31、 impact of using grain for biofuel on food security should never be overlooked, while the climate change has also had a long-term bearing on the food security. China has attached great importance to agriculture and food security, insisting on the principle of relying on domestic production for the b

32、asic suppliance of food. And through policies and incentives like increased capital investment, enhanced construction of water conservancy facilities for farmland, accelerated progress in agricultural technology and etc, China has steadily improved its ability for the production of food and comprehe

33、nsive production of agriculture. With cultivated land taking up less than 9% of the world total, China has fed a population accounting for nearly 21% of the world population, realizing the poverty reduction goal of the MDGs proposed by the UN in advance. While solving its own food security problems,

34、 China has also provided other relevant developing countries with available agricultural assistance within the framework of South-South cooperation , including building demonstration center for agricultural technology, offering support in term of agricultural technology as well as humanitarian food aid in emergent situations. In this way, China has contributed to improve the food security situation in these developing countries.)解析：