【考研类试卷】英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷21及答案解析.doc

1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 21 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.我们要鼓励和引导有条件的企业实现主辅分离，转岗分流安置富余人员，创办独立核算、自负盈亏的经济实体。在做好上述工作的同时，我们要积极推进改革，逐步形成独立于企业事业单位之外、资金来源多渠道、管理服务社会化的、有中国特色的社会保障体系。 为了实现这一目标，我们必须首先依法扩大社会保险的覆盖面，并把保险费征缴率提高到适当的水平。城镇地区要强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险，还要采取各种措施，开辟新的筹资渠道，补充社会保障基金。

2、 其次，我们必须完善失业保险制度，加快劳动力市场建设，逐步使下岗职工由企业再就业服务中心保障基本生活，转向享受失业保险，走向劳动力市场就业。（分数：2.00）_3.中国具有五千年悠久历史。中华民族繁衍生息在中国这块土地上，各民族相互融合，具有强大的凝聚力，形成了崇尚统一、维护统一的价值观念。 在漫长的历史过程中，中国虽然经历过改朝换代、政权更迭，出现过地方割据，遭遇过外敌人侵，特别是近代史上曾饱受外国列强的侵略和瓜分，但统一始终是中国历史发展的主流，每一次分裂之后都复归统一，并又都赢来了国家政治、经济、文化、科技的快速发展。 台湾同胞具有光荣的爱国主义传统，在反抗外国侵略台湾的斗争中建立了卓越

3、的功勋。中华人民共和国诞生后，中国人民倍加珍视得来不易的民族独立，坚决捍卫国家主权和领土完整，并为实现祖国的完全统一而努力奋斗。（分数：2.00）_4.中国五千年的历史和文化深深地在中国人的心中根植了一种强烈的民族意识，这就是中国必须统一。中国政府对于国际社会普遍奉行一个中国政策表示赞赏。我们一贯认为，联合国的所有成员国，都应遵守联合国宪章的宗旨、原则及有关联合国决议，不以任何方式支持台湾加入联合国及只能由主权国家参加的其他国际组织。 凡是与中国建交的国家，都应本着互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不干涉内政的原则，不以任何形式或借口向台湾出售武器，或帮助台湾生产武器。 中国政府希望国际社会始终如一地

4、奉行一个中国政策，希望美国政府切实履行中美三个联合公报关于台湾问题的各项原则和自己做出的坚持一个中国政策的庄严承诺。（分数：2.00）_5.扶持农业发展 我们必须加大对农业的支持力度。采取符合世贸组织规则的措施，努力维护农民利益。增加对农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善生产生活条件和生态环境。重点支持节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路和草场围栏等设施建设。要在农业科研、技术推广、病虫害防治、信息咨询和农民培训等方面加强对农业的支持。特别要加大对粮食主产区的支持力度。改进金融对农业的服务。深化农村信用社改革。进一步搞好农村扶贫开发，多渠道增加扶贫资金，扩大以工代赈规模。加大对灾区和特

5、困地区的支持，减免农、牧业税，并真正落到实处。积极帮助农村特困户和优抚对象解决实际困难。（分数：2.00）_6.中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消灭，社会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义

6、思想教育取得了明显的成效。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 21 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.我们要鼓励和引导有条件的企业实现主辅分离，转岗分流安置富余人员，创办独立核算、自负盈亏的经济实体。在做好上述工作的同时，我们要积极推进改革，逐步形成独立于企业事业单位之外、资金来源多渠道、管理服务社会化的、有中国特色的社会保障体系。 为了实现这一目标，我们必须首先依法扩大社会保险的覆盖面，并把保险费征缴率提高到适当的水平。城镇地区要强制推行以养老、失

7、业、医疗为重点的社会保险，还要采取各种措施，开辟新的筹资渠道，补充社会保障基金。 其次，我们必须完善失业保险制度，加快劳动力市场建设，逐步使下岗职工由企业再就业服务中心保障基本生活，转向享受失业保险，走向劳动力市场就业。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Where possible, we must encourage and advise enterprises to achieve the following objectives: separating their main business activities from subsidiary ones, redirectin

8、g surplus labor within the enterprises, establishing economic entities that have independent accounting and are responsible for their own profits and losses. While performing those tasks, we must press ahead with the reform in establishing a Chinese-type social security system that is independent of

9、 the enterprises and institutions , has a variety of fund sources, and is administered by a social institution . To realize this goal, we must first, according to law, enlarge the coverage of the social insurance and raise the insurance premium rate to a proper level. In urban areas social insurance

10、 focusing on endowment, unemployment and medical insurance must be made mandatory. Also, measures must be taken to open up new funding channels to supplement the social security fund. Secondly, we must improve the unemployment insurance system and accelerate the development of the labor market, so t

11、hat the basic living costs of the laid-off workers will be shifted from the reemployment centers of their original enterprises to the unemployment insurance, or they may find new jobs through the labor market.)解析：3.中国具有五千年悠久历史。中华民族繁衍生息在中国这块土地上，各民族相互融合，具有强大的凝聚力，形成了崇尚统一、维护统一的价值观念。 在漫长的历史过程中，中国虽然经历过改朝换

12、代、政权更迭，出现过地方割据，遭遇过外敌人侵，特别是近代史上曾饱受外国列强的侵略和瓜分，但统一始终是中国历史发展的主流，每一次分裂之后都复归统一，并又都赢来了国家政治、经济、文化、科技的快速发展。 台湾同胞具有光荣的爱国主义传统，在反抗外国侵略台湾的斗争中建立了卓越的功勋。中华人民共和国诞生后，中国人民倍加珍视得来不易的民族独立，坚决捍卫国家主权和领土完整，并为实现祖国的完全统一而努力奋斗。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： China has a long history of 5000 years. On this land the Chinese people have been

13、 living and multiplying all the time and the various nationalities have been integrating with each other. Thus, among them a great cohesion has been forged, which advocates the concepts of admiration for and maintenance of unity. Throughout the long history, China did experience changes of dynasties

14、, transfers of governments, local separatist regimes, foreign invasions, and especially the aggression and dismemberment by foreign powers in modern history. Nevertheless, unity has always represented the main developmental trend in Chinese history . After each division, China invariably resumed its

15、 unity, which, in turn, promoted the country“ s rapid development in politics, economy, culture, science and technology. Our compatriots in Taiwan have a glorious tradition of patriotism, and have made excellent contributions. Since the founding of the People“ s Republic of China, Chinese people che

16、rished their hard-won national independence. They are determined to safeguard state sovereignty and territorial integrity and fight hard (resolutely) for complete reunification of the motherland.)解析：4.中国五千年的历史和文化深深地在中国人的心中根植了一种强烈的民族意识，这就是中国必须统一。中国政府对于国际社会普遍奉行一个中国政策表示赞赏。我们一贯认为，联合国的所有成员国，都应遵守联合国宪章的宗旨、

17、原则及有关联合国决议，不以任何方式支持台湾加入联合国及只能由主权国家参加的其他国际组织。 凡是与中国建交的国家，都应本着互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不干涉内政的原则，不以任何形式或借口向台湾出售武器，或帮助台湾生产武器。 中国政府希望国际社会始终如一地奉行一个中国政策，希望美国政府切实履行中美三个联合公报关于台湾问题的各项原则和自己做出的坚持一个中国政策的庄严承诺。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The 5000-year-long Chinese history and culture have implanted a strong national awareness: nati

18、onal unification. The Chinese government appreciates the international community“ s pursuit of the one-China policy. We have consistently maintained that all members of the United Nations must observe the aims and principles of the U. N. Charter and the relevant U. N. resolutions, and refrain from s

19、upporting Taiwan“ s effort to join the United Nations or other international organizations composed only of sovereign states. All countries that have established diplomatic relations with China should follow the principle of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interferen

20、ce in one another“ s internal affairs, and refrain from selling arms to Taiwan or helping it produce weapons in any form or under any pretext. The Chinese government hopes that the international community will consistently follow the one-China policy, and that the U. S. government will earnestly imp

21、lement the principles on the Taiwan issue set forth in the three Sino-U. S. joint communiqu6s and honor its solemn commitment on the one-China policy.)解析：5.扶持农业发展 我们必须加大对农业的支持力度。采取符合世贸组织规则的措施，努力维护农民利益。增加对农业和农村基础设施建设投资，改善生产生活条件和生态环境。重点支持节水灌溉、人畜饮水、农村沼气、农村水电、乡村道路和草场围栏等设施建设。要在农业科研、技术推广、病虫害防治、信息咨询和农民培训等方

22、面加强对农业的支持。特别要加大对粮食主产区的支持力度。改进金融对农业的服务。深化农村信用社改革。进一步搞好农村扶贫开发，多渠道增加扶贫资金，扩大以工代赈规模。加大对灾区和特困地区的支持，减免农、牧业税，并真正落到实处。积极帮助农村特困户和优抚对象解决实际困难。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Support Agriculture We must support agriculture more effectively. We need to adopt measures that conform to the WTO rules and safeguard the interest

23、s of Chinese farmers. We should increase investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure to improve production and living conditions in the countryside and the ecological environment there. Emphasis should be placed on support for projects of water-conserving irrigation, drinking water, productio

24、n and use of marsh gas, hydroelectric power generation, rural road building, and grazing land fencing. Support for agriculture should be strengthened in the fields of agro-scientific research, dissemination of agricultural techniques, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, informati

25、on consulting and farmer training. More effort should be made to aid the mainly grain-producing areas. Financial services for agriculture will be improved. We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives. We need to do a better job of poverty alleviation by encouraging rural development, incr

26、easing funding from various sources to aid the poor and expanding programs that provide jobs for people as an alternative to relief. More efforts should be made to aid disaster-stricken and destitute areas through reduction and exemption of agricultural or stock breeding taxes, and this policy shoul

27、d be carried out to the letter. Positive efforts should be made to help families live below the poverty line and families designated for special assistance resolve their practical difficulties.)解析：6.中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消灭，社会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政

28、，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成效。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： After founding the People “ s Republic, China gradually achieved its transition from a New Democratic to a

29、socialist society. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production has been completed, the system of exploitation of man by man abolished and the socialist system established. The people“ s democratic dictatorship held by the working class and based on the alliance o

30、f workers and peasants, which is in essence the dictatorship of the proletariat , has been consolidated and developed. The Chinese people and the Chinese People“ s Liberation Army have defeated imperialist and hegemonic aggression, sabotage and armed provocations and have thereby safeguarded China“

31、s national independence and security and strengthened its national defense. Major successes have been achieved in economic development. An independent and relatively comprehensive socialist system of industry has basically been established. There has been a marked increase in agricultural production. Significant advances have been made in educational, scientific and cultural undertakings, while education in socialist ideology has produced noteworthy results. The lives of the people have improved considerably.)解析：