【考研类试卷】西医综合-病理学-2及答案解析.doc

1、西医综合-病理学-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes we have specific problems with our mother; sometimes, life with her can just be hard work. If there are difficulties in your (1) , its best to deal with them, (2) remember that any (3) should be done (4) person or by

2、 letter. The telephone is not a good (5) because it is too easy (6) either side to (7) the conversation.Explain to her (8) you find difficult in your relationship and then (9) some new arrangements that you think would establish a (10) balance between you. Sometimes we hold (11) from establishing su

3、ch boundaries because we are afraid that doing (12) implies we are (13) her. We need to remember that being (14) from our mother does not (15) mean that We no longer love her. If the conflict is (16) and you cannot find a way to (17) it, you might decide to give up your relationship with your mother

4、 for a while. Some of my patients had (18) “trial separations“. The (19) allowed things to simmer down, enabling (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A relationship B emissionC emulation D interpretation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A and B butC thus D or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A contradiction B estimationC confrontation D imme

5、rsion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A by B forC to D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A innovation B manoeuvreC medium D synthesis（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A on B forC off D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A formulate B commenceC perceive D terminate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A whether B howC what D why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A propose B per

6、formC remove D outline（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A more distinctive B more turbulentC more spontaneous D healthier（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A hack B onC off D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A it B whichC what D so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A mustering B ejectingC insulting D retaliating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A harmonious

7、 B wholesomeC malignant D independent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A instantly B reluctantlyC necessarily D steadily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A moderate B hereditaryC inevitable D extreme（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A shape B resolveC simulate D grind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A successful B compulsoryC miserable D station

8、ary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A blunder B temptationC break D trait（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A reconciliation B rebellionC recreation D rehearse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is

9、caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors wide

10、ly blamed for the disease.“Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if yo

11、u Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection. “ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reproc

12、essing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed

13、the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that a

14、ll children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theo

15、ry put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?A Leo KinlenB Richard DollC

16、 Louise ParkerD Heather Dickinson（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings?A Radiation has contributed to the disease.B Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.C Population mix

17、ing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster.D Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?A Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B Population mixing best explains the

18、 cause of childhood leukaemia.C Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia.D Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_.A medical journalB research instituteC private companyD governmental agency（分数：2.00）A

19、B.C.D.(5).This passage is mainly about_.A the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC the causes of childhood leukaemiaD a new finding by British scientists（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Last year,

20、one group of students in Taiwan did just that. They took chances-and ended up in jail. More than 20 students paid a cram school owner to help them cheat on Taiwans entrance exam, according to police. The students received answers to test questions through cell phones and other electronic devices. Ta

21、iwan isnt the only place in Asia to see major cheating scandals. In both India and South Korea, college entrance exams have been stolen and sold to students.Academic cheating has risen dramatically over the last decade. Duke University conducted a survey of 50,000 university and 18,000 high school s

22、tudents in America. More than 70 percent of the students admitted cheating. Just 10 years earlier, only 56 percent said they had cheated. This trend extends far beyond the U. S., too. In Asia, where students face intense pressure to excel, the cheating problem is especially pronounced. In many Asian

23、 countries, a students performance is measured mostly by exam scores. And admission to a top school depends on acing standardized tests. This test-driven culture makes cheating an easy way for students to get ahead in a super-competitive academic system.But the pressure to perform well on tests isnt

24、 the only thing turning students into cheaters. For one, new technology makes cheating easier than ever. Students now have more sophisticated options than just “cheat sheets“ hidden in pencil boxes. Todays tech-smart students use text-messaging to discreetly send each other test answers. They post q

25、uestions from standardized tests on internet bulletin boards. Students in Asia, for example, have posted questions from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE).Deeper issues than technology and testing, however, may be leading to the rise in academic dish

26、onesty. Both students and educators say that society offers too many negative role models. Businesspeople make millions and scientists eam intemational acclaim by cheating and lying. The case of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk offers one powerful example. He faked the results of his stem cell researc

27、h and became a national hero. From many sectors of society, the message to students is loud and clear: Cheating is an easy way to get ahead.Victoria Lin, a high school teacher in Taichung, says educators must begin to stress integrity as well as achievement in academics. Thats what she tries to inst

28、ill in her students. “I always tell my students, How much is your character worth? 100 points? 90 points?“ Jerry Chang, a student at Taiwans Oriental Institute of Technology, also has words of advice for classmates he sees cheating. “When you cheat on exams, you only cheat yourself,“ he says, “becau

29、se you wont know how much youve really learned./（分数：10.00）(1).The example mentioned in paragraph 1 means to _.A criticize the cram school for their poor education qualitiesB highlight the seriousness of cheating in TaiwanC show how prevalent the problem of cheating isD show sympathy for those who ch

30、eated（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the word “acing“ most probably mean?A Extraordinarily good. B Hardly satisfactory.C Barely passing. D Middling.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In paragraph 3, the author focuses on the factor of _.A pressures related to tests B advanced technologiesC sophistication of studen

31、ts D standardized tests（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk is quoted to _.A shift to topic from students cheating to academic dishonestyB attribute the problem of cheating to the negative examples in our societyC compare businesspeople and scientists in cheating scanda

32、lsD blame technology as the most important reason for cheating（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the suggestion given in the last paragraph to tackle the problem of cheating?A The teaching of values should be given equal, if not higher, priority.B Teachers should avoid talking about students test scores t

33、oo much.C Educators should have a reasonable expectation for students scores.D School should add integrity as part of the test scores.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Is the literary critic like the poet, responding creatively, intuitively, subjectively to the written word as the poet respon

34、ds to human experience? Or is the critic more like a scientist, following a series of demonstrable, verifiable steps, using an objective method of analysis?For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism, the subjectivity versus objectivity, or critic-as-artist-or-scientist, debat

35、e has special significance; for her, the question is not only academic, but political as well, and her definition will provoke special risks whichever side of the issue it favors. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific-a valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whet

36、her man or woman, can perform-the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approach impossible, but may also hinder accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles. If she defines feminis

37、t criticism as creative and intuitive, privileged as art, then her work becomes vulnerable to the prejudices of stereotypic ideas about the ways in which women think, and will be dismissed by much of the academic establishment. Because of these prejudices, women who use an intuitive approach in thei

38、r criticism may find themselves charged with inability to be analytical, to be objective, or to think critically. Whereas men may be free to claim the role of critic-as-artist, women run different professional risks when they choose intuition and private experience as critical method and defense.The

39、se questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle, in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars only now entering the academic prof

40、ession in substantial numbers will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding, a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.As long as the academic establishment continues to regard objective analysis as “mas

41、culine“ and an intuitive approach as “feminine,“ the theoretician must steer a delicate philosophical course between the two. If she wishes to construct a theory of feminist criticism, she would be well advised to place it within the framework of a general theory of the critical process that is neit

42、her purely objective nor purely intuitive. Her theory is then more likely to be compared and contrasted with other theories of criticism with some degree of dispassionate distance.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text?A How Theories of Literary Criticism

43、 Can Best Be UsedB Problems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Literary CriticsC A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary CriticismD Literary Criticism: Art or Science?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist

44、literary criticism becauseA women who are literary critics face professional risks different from those faced by men who are literary critics.B there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment.C there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by t

45、he academic establishment.D like other critics, most women who are literary critics define criticism as either scientific or artistic.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary c

46、riticism EXCEPT theA tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form preconceptions about women.B limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific.C likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with

47、prejudice by some academics.D tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred that the author would define as “political“(Line 1, Para. 3) the questions thatA cannot be resolved without extensive

48、debate.B are primarily academic in nature and open to abstract analysis.C are contested largely through contention over power.D will be debated by both men and women.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is most likely to be one of the “utilitarian political objectives“ mentioned by the author?A To forge a new theory of literary criticism.B To pursue truth in a disinterested manner.C To demonstrate that women are interested in literary criticism that can be viewed either subjectively or objectively.D To convince the academic establishment to revise the ways in