【考研类试卷】西医综合-诊断学-1及答案解析.doc

1、西医综合-诊断学-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1) humans, plants can have their temperature (2) from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, (3) the infrared scanning technolog

2、y developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley (4) a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5) ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6) target pesticide spraying (7) rain poison on a whole field, which (8) include plants that dont have t

3、he pest problem.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9) to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet (10) , an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11) into a color-coded map showing (12) plants were r

4、unning “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13) would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers (14) the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15) . But with the renewed concern about pestic

5、ides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16) into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. “This technique can be used (17) 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas AM. Ray Jackson, who recently

6、retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18) infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19) Paley finds the financial backing (20) he failed to obtain 10 years ago.（分数：10.00）(1).A as B with C like D unlike（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A taken B take C took D taking（分数：0

7、.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A adopted B adopting C adapted D adapting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A put up with B came up to C came up with D stood up to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A whose B which C what D where（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A precisely B extraordinarily C exceedingly D extremely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A more than B less

8、than C rather than D other than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A dominantly B deliberately C accidentally D invariably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A seeming B clear C apparent D visible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A at night B for the night C in night D over night（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A transmitted B transferred C transforme

9、d D transported（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A how B where C what D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A otherwise B still C thus D therefore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A persisted in B resisted C insisted on D assisted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A to find out B to be found C to find D to be found on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A get

10、off B get out C get away D get back（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A of B in C for D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A remote B lonely C removed D desolate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A even if B if only C only if D though（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A where B which C how D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三

11、、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Despite increased airport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weapons and bombs remains largely unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass through x-ray machines that

12、superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checked-in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan of a brain. These systems can alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is. More sophisticated screenin

13、g technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three main approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and radio frequencies that can identify liquids and solids. A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ or “backscatter“ x-rays th

14、at can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can spot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people think they can reveal too much. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such equipment, arguing that it

15、 is too intrusive. To protect travellers modesty, filters have been created to blur genital areas. Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being tested. Passengers walk through a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substances on a persons body an

16、d clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneously analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as well. It is a vast improvement on todays method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened for traces of explosives.

17、 Because this is a manual operation, only a small share of bags are examined this way. The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. This involves bombarding an object with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identify the molecular structu

18、re of the materials it contains. Since every compoundsolid, liquid or gascreates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look for drugs as well as explosives. For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials to full deployment at

19、 airports they must be available at a price that airports are prepared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chris Yates, a security expert with Janes Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding the new technologies cos

20、ts around $100,000 per machine; he expects the systems to be rolled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner, but a cruel certainty is that terrorists will try to find others.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the relationship between the 2nd paragraph an

21、d the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs ? A A generalization is made in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5. B More sophisticated screening technologies are mentioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and then examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5. C Specific evidence is provided in paragraph 1

22、, 2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4. D Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 and 5.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The delay of employment of x-ray equipment lies in its_. A unreliable screening B full exposure C inadequate

23、efficiency D travellersmodesty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the followings is a determining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text? A Their efficiency. B Their brand. C Their output. D Their component.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last

24、paragraph that_. A new methods to prevent terrorism on aero-planes are not a panacea B new equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 months C new methods are readily monitored by security staffs at the airport D new equipment can only detect minute traces of explosive（分数：2.00）A.B

25、.C.D.(5).The word “albeit“ in the first sentence of the second paragraph most probably means_. A although B once C if D as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey (the S step)

26、 the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each

27、 section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I already know about this topic?“ and “What do I want to know?“ In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 Rs) is to read to

28、 find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 Rs) the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words

29、. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 Rs) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected a

30、s important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions fromed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage implies that the SQ3R met

31、hod_.A. needs to be provenB. leaves much to he desiredC. turns out to be practicableD. cannot be used by every reader（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The SQ3R method consists of_steps.A. three B. fourC. five D. seven（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the first step helps the readers_.A. read first s

32、everal paragraphsB. scan the whole chapterC. study the graphsD. get the theme of the chapter（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is the fourth step?A. To question yourself.B. To read for information.C. To utter your answers.D. To draw a conclusion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following s

33、tatements is true?A. In the last step, you should remember all the information.B. When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details.C. The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.D. While you are holding a mental conversation you select t

34、he important information.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The telecommunications, pharmaceutical, and airline industries all have undergone radical changes in recent years. Pharmaceutical companies, which once sold drugs to the doctors that dispensed them, switched to the solution-selling me

35、thod and started dealing with health-care companies. And many major airlines consolidated at the same time that low-cost firms like Jet Blue entered the market.In each of these industries, the game changed, and with new rules came new ways to win. That is the premise of Harvard Business Schools “Cha

36、nging the Game. Negotiation and Competitive Decision Making.“ The program, which covers not only deal-making but also topics as diverse as online auctions and strategic partnerships, “is for companies that are going through fundamental change in the way things are done,“ says Max Bazerman, program c

37、hair and professor of business administration at the school.This is not a program for novices, says Bazerman; most participants have already attended a general negotiation program. In “Changing the Game,“ participants learn to understand their thought processes regarding negotiation, to compare rati

38、onal and intuitive decision-making strategies, and to identify common mistakes made by even the most experienced professionals. By focusing on competitive environments, the program draws on some of the most advanced concepts from the emerging areas of behavioral economics, behavioral decision resear

39、ch, and behavioral finance.Participants engage in simulated negotiations that highlight the tension between creating and assessing value, and learn how to think about both simultaneously. The soup-to-nuts simulations encompass preparation, team building, negotiating, and feedback, as well as the dev

40、elopment of a conceptual structure for thinking about negotiations more rationally. Participants then apply that structure in their critiques of several large-scale negotiation cases. Ultimately participants apply their newly-honed analytic skills to their own companies and critique of past negotiat

41、ions.Negotiations can take many forms, of course. Bazerman notes that auctions are becoming increasingly common. Thanks to a renewed focus on driving clown costs, auctions have emerged as a valuable way for buyers to exert maximum leverage (although the course offers advice to sellers as well). Here

42、 again, coursework focuses both on analysis of case studies and on simulations that give participants a chance to roll up their sleeves and put themselves to the test.“Maxs approach is more pragmatic than other programs Ive taken,“ says Gerry Dully, senior vice president of global marketing and logi

43、stics at Methanex, a producer of methanol based in Vancouver. “Looking at my prior experience, I could see what mistakes I made, and Im more conscious of them now. The course had a profound impact on how Ive modified my behavior in negotiating situations. /（分数：10.00）(1).The author cites the pharmace

44、utical industry to show thatA such an industry should be brought under stricter supervision.B the solution-selling method is superior to the traditional method.C it is not developing as fast as the airline industry.D new ways of transaction accompany changes in the industry.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What

45、 is the focus of Harvard Business Schools training program?A Online auctions. B Strategic partnership.C Business management. D Negotiation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “novice“ (first sentence, Para. 3) probably refers toA a person with no previous experience.B an ordinary employee in a company.C a

46、 specific strategy for business negotiation.D a professional negotiator for a company.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The “Changing the Game“ program emphasizesA the training of practical skills.B theory as well as practical skills.C decision-making capabilities.D negotiation in online auctions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.

47、D.(5).Gerry Dully isA a friend of the program chair Max Bazerman.B a participant in the program.C a professor who teaches at the program.D a company leader who is an expert in negotiation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1880, Sir Joshua Waddilove, a Victorian philanthropist, founded Prov

48、ident Financial to provide affordable loans to working-class families in and around Bradford, in northern England. This month his company, now one of Britains leading providers of “home credit“ small, short-term, unsecured loansbegan the nationwide rollout of Vanquis, a credit card aimed at people t

49、hat mainstream lenders shun. The card offers up to 200 ($ 380) of credit, at a price: for the riskiest customers, the annual interest rate will be 69%.Provident says that the typical interest rate is closer to 50% and that it charges no fees for late payments or breaching credit limits. Still, that