【考研类试卷】西医综合-诊断学-2及答案解析.doc

1、西医综合-诊断学-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in general history classes. Most (1) history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. (2) , art history (3) on

2、 much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious (4) , emotions, and psychology. (5) , information about the daily activities of our own can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the (6) qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it c

3、learly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is (7) ; that is, facts about political are given, but (8) are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is (9) : it reflects emotions and i

4、mpressions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya severely criticized the Spanish government for its (10) of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic (11) were used in Pablo Picassos Guemica to express the (12) of war. (13) , on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Ri

5、vera depicted these Mexican artists concealed 14 and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can (15) a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was (16) the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings

6、that depicted people and stories from the Bible. (17) most people couldnt read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. (18) , one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its (19) of human and animal images. This reflects the Isl

7、amic belief that statues are (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A interesting B plausible C superior D typical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A Indeed B Hence C However D Therefore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A comments B focuses C depends D centers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A belief B faith C trust D credibility（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A In

8、addition B In summary C In any case D In effect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A equivalent B temporary C essential D effective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A subscribed B presented C delivered D manifested（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A perspectives B counsels C arguments D opinions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A implied B displayed C

9、biased D created（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A misuse B control C advantage D triumph（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A images B signs C stimuli D messages（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A awe B shock C horror D grief（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A Nevertheless B Consequently C Simultaneously D Meanwhile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A guard B

10、 anger C content D assault（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A contain B mirror C involve D include（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A alone B barely C almost D scarcely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A Although B Since C Suppose D Provided（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A With B For C By D On（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A relevance B presence C exis

11、tence D absence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A ineligible B unholy C mistaken D disloyal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Jet lag is back on the agenda for business travelers, especially as long-haul international traffic picks up again.There

12、is endless advice online about jet lag. Drugs are frequently mentioned, and a recent favorite is Nuvigil, used to treat excessive sleepiness. Nuvigils manufacturer, Cephablon, has so far not succeeded in obtaining government approval for its plan to market the drug as a remedy forjet lag.But the app

13、roach I hear most often from long-haul travelers involves diet and preparation. “ Why would you take a pill that your body then has to shake off? “ said Lynne Waller Scanlon, the author, with Charles F. Ehret, of Overcoming Jet Lag, which was a best seller in the mid-1980s but went out of print unti

14、l she revised and republished it last year under a snappier title, The Cure for Jet Lag.The book lays out a treatment system for jet lag based on pre-trip diet and conditioning to reset the bodys internal clock. The book suggests resetting the body clock so that it will be in sync with the time at t

15、he destination. One to three days before a trip, the authors suggest low-calorie meals. In flight, avoid or strictly limit alcohol, and use coffee or tea to persuade the body clock that its daytime. If its morning after flying all night, resist sleep and “ flood your eyes with daylight “ , they sugg

16、est.While all long-haul travel can cause normal fatigue, travel across time zones causes the body to react with the most pronounced effects of jet lag, including disorientation and a general sense of discomfort.In the last few years, the global airlines have put more emphasis on accommodating the ne

17、ed for in-flight sleepat least in the business and firstclass cabins, where international airlines earn most of their revenue. But at the same time, international airlines also promote extensive in-flight entertainment selections, as well as high-end menus, including quality wine lists, in premium c

18、lasses. Indulging in these would seem to work against dietary treatment to combat jet lag. But Ms. Scanlon says recovery is nevertheless attainable.“ What do you do if you cant implement this program ahead of the trip, or if youve blown it and had a complete debauch on the plane? “ she said, “ Well,

19、 when you get off that plane, you get on the program right away. It may not be perfect, but you will feel much, much better. /（分数：10.00）(1).The word “ snappier “ (Para.3)most probably means_.A longer B more elegant C smarter D prettier（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is indicated in Paragraph 2 that_.A we ca

20、nnot find enough advice about jet lagB people often talk about drugs for jet lagC Nuvigil is the best drug for jet lagD if you sleep too much after a long flight, you can take Nuvigil as a treatment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the most popular way for treatingjet lag is probably_.A

21、 taking drugsB adjusting diet and preparing before handC consulting a doctorD drinking coffee orteainflight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Paragraph 5 and 6, which of the following statements is TRUE?A Effects of jet lag after travels across time zones are most serious and obvious.B Effects of jet

22、 lag are a sense of discomfort and the loss oforientation.C Things have improved in recent years because the global airlines have emphasized on meeting the need for in-flight sleep.D Enjoying the in-flight entertainment and high-quality food will make it impossible to recover from jet lag.（分数：2.00）A

23、.B.C.D.(5).What would be the best title for the text?A Drugs for Jet LagB The Best-selling book on Jet LagC Treatment for Jet LagD Enjoy Your Flight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Galloway, a mostly middle-class community northwest of Atlantic City, is part of a wave of districts across the

24、 nation trying to remake homework amid concerns that high-stakes testing and competition for college have fueled a nightly grind that is stressing out children and depriving them of play and rest, yet doing little to raise achievement, particularly in elementary grades.Such efforts have drawn critic

25、ism from some teachers and some parents who counter that students must study more, not less, if they are to succeed. Even so, the anti-homework movement has been reignited in recent months by the documentary Race to Nowhere, about burned-out students caught in a pressure-cooker educational system. “

26、There is simply no proof that most homework as we know it improves school performance,“ said Vicki Abeles, the filmmaker and a mother of three from California. “And by expecting kids to work a second shift in what should be their downtime, the presence of schoolwork at home is negatively affecting t

27、he health of our young people and the quality of family time. “So teachers at Mango Elementary School in Fontana, Calif., are replacing homework with “goal work“ that is specific to individual students needs and that can be completed in class or at home at his or her own pace. The Brooklyn School of

28、 Inquiry, a gifted and talented program, has made homework optional. “I think people confuse homework with rigor,“ said Donna Taylor, the Brooklyn Schools principal, who views homework for children under 11 as primarily benefiting parents by helping them feel connected to the classroom.Research has

29、long suggested that homework in small doses can reinforce basic skills and help young children develop study habits, but that there are diminishing returns. Still, efforts to roll back homework have been opposed by those who counter that there is not enough time in the school day to cover required t

30、opics and that homework reinforces classroom learning. In Coronado, Calif. , the school board rejected a proposal by the superintendent to eliminate homework on weekends and holidays after some parents said that was when they had time to help their children and others worried it would result in more

31、 homework on weeknights.Homework wars have divided communities for over a century. In the 1950s, the Sputnik launching ushered in heavier workloads for American students in the race to keep up with the Soviet Union. The 1983 report “A Nation at Risk“ and, more recently, the testing pressures of the

32、No Child Left Behind law, also resulted in more homework for children at younger ages. A few public and private schools have renounced homework in recent years, but most have sought a middle ground. In Galloway, the policy would stipulate that homework cover only topics already addressed in class. D

33、r. Giaquinto, Galloways superintendent, said the goal of the proposed policy was to make homework “meaningful and manageable,“ noting that teachers would have to coordinate assignments so that a students total homework would not exceed the time limit.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we learn t

34、hatA most schools disapprove of testing and competition for college.B homework can be done most efficiently by school students at night.C Galloway has come up with an innovative way of raising achievement.D Galloways effort to reduce the amount of homework has caused a stir.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Crit

35、icisms of homework are mainly based on the premise thatA burnt-out students are negatively affected by heavy schoolwork at home.B homework in the form of reading documents contributes little to success.C more homework does not necessarily mean higher achievement.D homework exerts an unbearable press

36、ure on school students.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The school board in Coronado believes thatA reduction in homework does harm to students acquisition of basic skills.B students should have enough time in school day to study the required topics.C eliminating homework actually benefits nobody other than par

37、ents.D parents feel connected to school when their children do schoolwork at home.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Increased homework had resulted fromA parents expectation of their children to achieve more.B Americas effort to keep its competitiveness.C school principals attempt to keep their school ahead.D sc

38、hool teachers attempt to keep their curricula intensive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following hasnt joined the anti-homework endeavor?A Galloway school district.B Mango Elementary School.C Brooklyn School of Inquiry.D The school board in Coronado.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the

39、 two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the majority of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1016 and 1918. It has been frequently

40、 assumed, but not proved, that most of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of cotton industry following boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labo

41、r following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban livin

42、g and a lack of industrial skills.But the question of who actually left the South has never been investigated in detail. Although numerous investigations document a flight from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then

43、moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits“, the federal census category roughly including the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been

44、 made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be tempted to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in

45、skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly

46、 developed industries-tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the Sout

47、h. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who Were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanize

48、d and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural backgrounds comes into question. Notes: boll weevil infestation 棉铃虫蔓延。cessation 中止，停止。mason 泥瓦匠。recruiter 招募者。influx 流入，涌入。（分数：10.00）(1).The author indicates explicitly that which of

49、 the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?A United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930.B The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910.C The federal census of 1910.D Advertisements of labor recruiters appearing in southern newspapers after 1910.（分