【考研类试卷】西医综合-诊断学-4及答案解析.doc

1、西医综合-诊断学-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Until the late 1940s, when television began finding its way into American homes, companies relied mainly on print and radio to promote their products and services. The advent of television (1) a revolution in product and servi

2、ce. Between 1949 and 1951, advertising on television grew 960 percent. Today the Internet is once again (2) promotion. By going online, companies can communicate instantly and directly with prospective customers. (3) on the World Wide Web includes advertising, sponsorships, and sales promotions (4)

3、sweepstakes, contests, coupons, and rebates. In 1996 World Wide Web advertising revenues (5) $ 300 million.Effective online marketers dont (6) transfer hard-copy ads to cyberspace. (7) sites blend promotional and non-promotional information indirectly delivering the advertising messages. To (8) visi

4、ts to their sites and to create and (9) customer loyalty, companies change information frequently and provide many opportunities for (10) .A prototype for excellent (11) promotion is the Ragu Web site. Here visitors can find thirty-six pasta recipes, take Italian lessons, and view an Italian film fe

5、stival, (12) they will find no traditional ads. (13) subtle is the mix of product and promotion that visitors hardly know an advertising message has been (14) . Sega of America, maker of computer games and hardware, uses its Web site for a (15) of different promotions, such as (16) new game characte

6、rs to the public and supplying Web surfers the opportunity to (17) games. Segas home page averages 250,000 visits a day. To heighten interest in the site, Sega bought an advertising banner on Netscape (18) increasing site visits by 15 percent. Online (19) in Quaker Oats Gatorade promotion received a

7、 free T-shirt in exchange for answering a few questions. Quaker Oats reports that the online promotion created product (20) and helped the company know its customers better.（分数：10.00）(1).A brought down B brought about C brought out D brought up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A transferring B transforming C tra

8、nsmitting D transplanting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A Advertising B Marketing C Sales D Promotion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A like B about C as D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A arrived B topped C overcame D descended（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A merely B virtually C hardly D actually（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A Pirating B Optimis

9、tic C Successful D Legitimate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A encourage B frustrate C tempt D commit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A devastate B designate C cultivate D confirm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A interaction B assimilation C differentiation D collaboration（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A internet B online C current D predom

10、inant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A though B for C but D while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A Since B However C Such D So（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A propagated B advertised C delivered D affected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A variety B couple C monotone D section（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A discovering B introducing C raising D c

11、reating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A exchange B purchase C download D acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A thereby B though C nonetheless D hereafter（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A customers B addicts C participants D marketers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A loyalty B credit C prestige D diversity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Rea

12、ding Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1993, I published a book, The Rage of a Privileged Class, whose central thesis was that even the most gifted African-Americans assumed that they would never crash through Americas glass ceilingno matter how talented, well educat

13、ed, or hardworking they were. Few people of any race would claim that true equality has arrived; but so much has changed since Rage came out. Color is becoming less and less a burden; race is less and less an immovable barrier.My new research explores how that phenomenon is changing the way people o

14、f all races view the American landscape. I polled two groups of especially accomplished people of color. One is the African-American alumni of Harvard Business School. The other is the alumni of A Better Chance, a program, founded in 1963, that sends ambitious, talented youngsters to some of the nat

15、ions best secondary schools.Generations, I concluded from my study, mattered deeplywith their defining characteristics rooted in Americas evolving racial dynamics. Generation 1, in this categorization, is the civil-rights generationthose (born before 1945) who participated in, or simply bore witness

16、 to, the defining 20th-century battle for racial equality. It is the generation of whites who, in large measure, saw blacks as alien beings and the generation of blacks who, for the most part, saw whites as irremediably prejudiced. Gen 2s (born between 1945 and 1969) were much less racially constrai

17、nedthough they remained, in large measure, stuck in a tangle of racial stereotypes. Gen 3s (born between 1970 and 1995) saw race as less of a big deal. And that ability to see a person beyond color has cleared the way for a generation of Believersblacks who fully accept that America means what it sa

18、ys when it promises to give them a shot.That new reality made itself clear when I compared black Gen 1 Harvard M. B. A. s with their Gen 3 counterparts. Seventy-five percent of Gen 1s said blacks faced “a lot“ of discrimination, compared with 49 percent of Gen 3s. Twenty-five percent of Gen 1s thoug

19、ht their educational attainments put them “on an equal professional footing with white peers or competitors with comparable educational credentials,“ compared with 62 percent of Gen 3s. Ninety-three percent of Gen 1s saw a glass ceiling at their current workplaces, compared with 46 percent of Gen 3s

20、I am not about to make a statistical argument based on these numbers, but the message nonetheless seems clear. In the time since the Gen 1s came on the scene, a revolution has occurred. Those uptight suburbanites who couldnt imagine socializing with, working for, or marrying a “Negro,“ who thought

21、blacks existed in an altogether different dimension, who could no more see dining with a black person than dining with a giraffe, have slowly given way to a new generation that embracesat least consciouslythe concept of equality. Americans have, in some substantial way, re-created each otherto an ex

22、tent that our predecessors might find astounding.（分数：10.00）(1).The expression “glass ceiling“ probably refers toA an invisible obstacle to career development.B a transparent way of conducting business.C racial discrimination in higher education.D the status of the privileged class in America.（分数：2.0

23、0）A.B.C.D.(2).The new research indicatesA some privileged programs help build students self-confidence.B the more education one receives, the less prejudice one is subjected to.C racial prejudice has become less of an obstacle to career development.D older generations suffered less discrimination ow

24、ing to the civil rights movement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is true about the three generations?A Generation 1s still live in a discriminatory environment.B Generation 2s are classified into different racial types.C Generation 3s think they can enjoy true racial equality.D Generatio

25、n 3s have better memories of their university life.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Conservative white people of Gen 1 used to thinkA they could break through the glass ceiling if they worked hard.B they were on an equal professional footing with black peers.C white people who dined with black people were giraf

26、fes.D the black people belonged to a different kind of animals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).By saying Americans have “re-created each other“, the author meansA they created their own life by interracial marriage.B the way they treat each other has become fairer.C they acknowledge their predecessors contribu

27、tion to racial equality.D they have re-created their identities in face of racial discrimination.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Charles Darwin wed his cousin Emma and spawned 10 children, including four brilliant scientists. Albert Einsteins second wife Elsa was his first cousin. Queen Vic

28、toria said “I do” to hers. So have millions worldwide. In parts of Saudi Arabia, 39% of all marriages are between first cousins.In the U. S., though, the practice bears a stigma of inbreeding just this side of incest. The taboo is not only social hut legislative; 24 states ban the marriage of first

29、cousins: five others allow it only if the couple is unable to bear children. A major reason for this ban is the belief that kids of first cousins are tragically susceptible to serious congenital illnesses.That view may have to change. A comprehensive study published recently in the Journal of Geneti

30、c Counseling indicates such children run an only slightly higher risk of significant genetic disorders like congenital heart defects about two percentage points above the average 3% to 4%. Says the studys lead author, Robin Bennett, president-elect of the National Society of Genetic Counselors, whic

31、h funded the study: “Aside from a thorough medical family history, there is no need to offer any genetic testing on the basis of consanguinity alone”.Publication of the study will do more than tweak public awareness; it will enlighten doctors who have urged cousin couples not to have children. “Just

32、 this week,” says Bennett, “I saw a 23-year-old woman who had had a tubal ligation because her parents were cousins and her doctor told her she shouldnt have children.”The American proscription against cousin marriages grew in the 19th century as wilderness settlers tried to distinguish themselves f

33、rom the “savage” Indians, says Martin, author of the book Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Marriage. “The truth is that Europeans were marrying their cousins and Native Americans were not.”And doesnt God have stern words on the subject? Christie Smith, 37, a Nevada writer, says she f

34、elt guilty when she fell in love with her first cousins son Mark. “I was trying so hard to convince myself not to have these feelings,” she recalls, “that I went to the Bible looking for confirmation that it was wrong. And what I found was the exact opposite: support for cousin marriages.” The patri

35、arch Jacob married two of his first cousins, Rachel and Leah. Smith married Mark in 1999.The medical ban is lifted; the social stain may take longer to disappear.（分数：10.00）(1).It is suggested in Paragraph 1 and 2 that the cousin marriageA resembles incest in nature.B puts cousin couples to shame.C a

36、lways causes serious genetic disorders.D is a common phenomenon across the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the study published in the Journal of Genetic Counseling?A It suggests kids of first cousins suffer from heart defects.B It was funded by its lead author Robin Benn

37、ett.C It will change peoples opinion of cousin marriages.D It has lifted the medical ban and removed the social stain.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “consanguinity” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closest in meaning toA cousin. B kinship. C congenital. D genetic disorders.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why did Christie S

38、mith resort to the Bible?A Because God has stern words on cousin marriages.B Because the Bible supports cousin marriages.C Because she felt guilty falling in love with her cousins son.D Because she wanted to know Gods words on cousin marriages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last pa

39、ragraph thatA the ban on cousin marriages is lifted.B cousin marriages are permitted again.C the prejudice against cousin marriages dies hard.D cousin marriages may not be as bad as people think.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical scienc

40、es, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will ta

41、lk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is intrinsic and con-substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animals is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know

42、that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute t

43、o defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, man must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable succ

44、ess, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is for the most part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic section zealously and without the l

45、east suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because o mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern ele

46、ctrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive o contemporary life.Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had

47、not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：10.00）(1).The author does not include among the sciences the study ofA literature.B chemistry.C astronomy.D anthropology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the authors view, the Greeks who studied conic sectionsA were mathematicians.B worked with electricity.C were intereste

48、d in navigation.D were unaware of the value of their studies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, the most important advances made by mankind most probably stem fromA innovations.B the natural sciences.C technical applications.D apparently useless information.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author mentions electrical technology in paragraph 3 most probably toA confirm its importance in the modern world.B show the powerful influence of its inventions.C verify the usefulness of theoretical knowledge.D give an example of success in practical science.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The title which best