【考研类试卷】遗传的细胞学基础(二)及答案解析.doc

1、遗传的细胞学基础(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively known as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities (1) insider information are

2、 common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under (2) financial stress. Many plan to (3) the money back as soon as possible but may never do so. Their crimes are usually never (4) because the amounts of money are small, and no one

3、 notices the (5) .(6) , there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking seams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expensive to (7) .White-collar crime is not (8) to the business sector. Government employment, especial

4、ly (9) the city level, also provides opportunities to (10) ones pockets. (11) , building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive (12) payments.Although white-collar crime is less (13) than street crime, it involves (14) more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by stre

5、et criminals. It is (15) that there are more criminals (16) the office suites than in the streets, yet the (17) of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. As the economy (18) from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-col

6、lar crime (19) , while the technology needed to stop such crimes will (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A due to B in consequence of C on the basis of D for the benefit of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A temporary B constant C persistent D transient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A put B return C set D send（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A disc

7、losed B exposed C retained D discovered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A loss B shortage C deficiency D deficit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Moreover B However C Likewise D Accordingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A pursue B persecute C proceed D prosecute（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A restrained B constrained C confined D bound（分数：0

8、.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A in B at C on D of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A line B fill C pack D stuff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Such as B For example C By the same token D To begin with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A welfare B commission C pension D allowance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A disastrous B hazardous C significant D viole

9、nt（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A no B little C far D further（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A possibly B liable C logical D likely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A in B with C of D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A nature B feature C property D essence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A ranges B shifts C transfers D transforms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(1

10、9).A degenerate B upgrade C decrease D multiply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A pick up B pay back C make out D lag behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a Shanghai ad consultant was recently asked to recommend young local designers to a

11、n international agency, he sent three candidates with years of work experience. But the company decided they werent good enough and had to import designers from the West. Its a common problem that Chinese vocational grads simply havent had good enough teaching. Most of the lecturers dont have any re

12、al work experience, so they cant teach useful things. When graduates do get hired, they basically have to be re-educated.Chinas rapid economic expansion has exposed many frailties in its education system, especially on the vocational side. The country cant produce enough skilled workers. In part tha

13、ts because it invests far more in academic than vocational programs. Funding has fallen significantly since the 1990s. Partly as a result, today only 38 percent or so of Chinas high-school-age students attend vocational schools, well below the official target of 50 percent. To address this deficit,

14、last year Beijing pledged to spend almost $2 billion on 100 new vocational colleges and 1,000 high schools. And this year it started offering annual subsidies to vocational students.But Chinas training is too abstract, whats urgently required are technicians who can come up with a good idea and turn

15、 it into a marketable product. Parts of the country are already adapting; in Shenzhen, local institutes offer“ made to order“ training for particular businesses. And some vocational colleges have introduced practical research projects.But vocational education faces a deeper problem: its image. China

16、s middle class is eager to forget its experience with physical labor, and few allow their children to become technical workers. Everyone thinks these are things that low-class people do. Thus China now produces record numbers of college grads-who struggle to find work because they lack the skills fo

17、r manufacturing, where demand is greatest. One fix would be to re-brand vocational subjects as“ professional,“ not“ manual,“ skills.At the other end of the spectrum are Chinas 100 million-plus rural migrant workers, many of whom have little schooling. They have never learned how to work with others,

18、 to live in the city, save money or choose the right job. Thus they find it hard to learn from their jobs or plan their careers. This results in extremely high labor turnover. Teaching and training“ life skills“ to complement vocational programs would help.Yet the urgency of Chinas skilled-labor sho

19、rtfall will force a rethink. For now, China is relying on cheap, low-skilled, labor-intensive production, but its not sustainable in the long term, We must raise our skills level, and its impossible for state-run colleges to do all the training. Indeed, with the demand for skilled workers growing al

20、l the time, China will need all the help it can get.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are Chinese vocational grads inferior to their Western counterparts?A Because China spends less on vocational education training.B Because they simply dont have enough work experience.C Because their lecturers are less qualified t

21、han the foreign ones.D Because their teachers dont want to teach any useful things.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, a lower rate of school-aged teenagers enter vocational schools in China mainly because _. A the vocational education lacks government financial support.B the public do not t

22、hink much of the vocational workers.C few allow their children to become technical workers.D they fear that they can not find a job after graduation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, the best way to solve a more serious problem of Chinese vocational education is _.A to train students to t

23、urn their ideas into products.B to change peoples biased impression of its image.C to set up programs to train rural migrant workers.D to meditate on the deficits of vocational education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By mentioning the problems of Chinese vocational education, the author tends to _.A emphasiz

24、e that Chinas vocational training is too abstractB inform that the image of vocational work is negativeC warn that the rural immigrant workers lack vocational trainingD suggest that the government investment on it is not enough（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude towards vocational educ

25、ation in China?A Paradoxical.B Inconsistent.C Apprehensive.D Critical.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the r01e of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on t

26、he schools. In the 1920s, but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s, the United States experienced a declining birth rateevery thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperi

27、ty brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Al

28、though economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a floo

29、d by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between

30、1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the “custodial r

31、hetoric“ of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.With the ba

32、by boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youth.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the p

33、assage, what is the main factor contributed to the baby boom?A Economy. B Public education.C Family. D Earlier marriage.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, why did teachers leave the teaching profession after the outbreak of the war?A They needed to be retrained. B They were dissatisfied

34、with the curriculum.C Other jobs provided higher salaries. D Teaching positions were scarce.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The “custodial rhetoric“ mentioned in Paragraph 3 refers to_.A raising a family B keeping older individuals in schoolC running an orderly household D maintaining discipline in the classro

35、om（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The last two paragraphs suggest that_.A the baby boom had little influence on the attention of educationsB before the baby boom, basic academic skill and discipline did not interest educatorsC after the baby, the elder youths still had chance to gain nontraditional, new, and e

36、xtra servicesD the school system shifted its attention form the lower grades to older youths（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the passage mainly discuss?A The teaching profession during the baby boom.B Birth rates in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s.C The impact of the baby boom on public educa

37、tion.D The role of the family in the 1950s and 1960s.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)George Williams, one of Scottsdales last remaining cowboys, has been raising horses and cattle on his 120 acres for 20 years. The cattle go to the slaughterhouse, the horses to rodeos. But Mr. Williams is s

38、tomping mad. His problems began last year when dishonest neighbours started to steal his cattle. Then other neighbours, most of them newcomers, took offence at his horses roaming on their properties.Such grumbles are common in Arizona. The most recent Department of Agriculture census shows that 1 21

39、3 of Arizonas 8 507 farms closed down between 1997 and 2002. Many cattlemen are moving out to remoter parts of the state.Doc Lane is an executive at the Arizona Cattlemens Association, a trade group. He says Arizonas larger ranch owners are making decent profits from selling. It is the smaller playe

40、rs who are the victims of rising land values, higher mortgages and stiffer city council rules. What happens all too often is that people move in next to a farm because they think the land pretty. But soon they start complaining to the council. In Mr. Williamss case it was the horses that annoyed the

41、m. Other newcomers dont like the noise, the pesticides and the smell of manure.Locals worry about the precious, dwindling cowboy culture. Arizonas tourism boards like to promote a steady interest in all things about cowboy and western. Last year more British and German tourists came than usual, and

42、many of them were looking precisely for that. Arizonas Dude Ranch Association fills its $ 350-a-night luxury ranches most of the year; roughly a third of the guests are European.Many of the ranchers themselves see all this tourism as a cheeky attempt to commercialise a real and vanishing culture. In

43、 Prescott, estate agents promote “American Ranch-style“ homes with posters of horse riders. On the other side of the street is Whiskey Row, a famous strip of historic cowboy bars. But in Matts Saloon on Saturday night, real cattlemen could not be found.Farm folk like Mr. Knox and Mr. Williams are we

44、ighing up their options. Many will migrate to remoter places where land is cheaper and not crowded with city people. Younger ones take on side-jobs as contractors and are cattle-hands part-time. Older cowboys arent sure what to do.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we learn that _.A George

45、 Williams is a cowboy in Arizona.B more and more farms will be closed down in the near future.C newcomers are not as honest as cowboys.D the mode of life of cattlemen in Arizona is being destructed.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “grumble“ (Line 1 , Paragraph 2) most probably means _.A mutter. B pheno

46、menon. C complaint. D gamble.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The pesticides and the smell of manure are mentioned to _.A explain why newcomers complain to the council.B introduce the place in which cowboys live.C explain why smaller players become victims.D explain why cattlemen are moving out to remoter parts

47、 of the state.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).There could be no real cattlemen in Matts Saloon on Saturday night, because _.A Matts Saloon caters to guests from Europe instead of cattlemen.B the ranchers dislike this impudent tourism.C it is too costly to afford for cattlemen. D it is tough to earn a living in

48、 that city.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude towards cattlemen?A Combative. B Contemptuous. C Compassionate. D Compromising.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A study released a little over a week ago, which found that eldest children end up, on average, with slightly higher IQs than younger siblings, was a reminder that the fight for self-definition starts much earlier than freshman year. Families, whatever the relative intelligence of their members, often treat the firstborn as if he or she were the mos