【医学类职业资格】苏州大学2007-2008学年度第一学期生理学期末考试试题A及答案解析.doc

1、苏州大学 2007-2008学年度第一学期生理学期末考试试题 A及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART Explanation(总题数：10，分数：30.00)1. Homeostasis:（分数：3.00）_2.Active transport: （分数：3.00）_3. Depolarization:（分数：3.00）_4. Blood coagulation:（分数：3.00）_5. Cardiac cycle:（分数：3.00）_6.Mean arterial pressure:（分数：3.00）_7. Effective refractory period

2、 (ERP):（分数：3.00）_8. Functional residual capacity:（分数：3.00）_9. Ventilation /perfusion ratio:（分数：3.00）_10.Digestion:（分数：3.00）_二、PART Single Choice(总题数：15，分数：15.00)11.可兴奋细胞兴奋时，共有的特征是产生 （分数：1.00）A.神经活动B.肌肉收缩C.腺体分泌D.反射活动E.动作电位12. 在强直收缩中，肌肉产生的动作电位 （分数：1.00）A.发生叠加或总和B.不发生叠加或总和C.幅值变大D.幅值变小E.频率变低13.神经细胞产生静息电

3、位的大小接近于 （分数：1.00）A.钠平衡电位B.钾平衡电位C.钠平衡电位和钾平衡电位之和D.钠平衡电位和钾平衡电位之差E.锋电位与超射值之差14. 在骨骼肌兴奋-收缩耦联过程中起关键作用的离子是 （分数：1.00）A.Na+B.Ca2+C.Cl-D.K+E.Mg2+15. 对红细胞生成的叙述，错误的是 （分数：1.00）A.红细胞的主要成分是血红蛋白B.制造血红蛋白的主要原料是叶酸和维生素 B12C.只有 Fe2+才能被肠上皮细胞吸收D.促进红细胞生成素主要在肾合成E.雄激素可使红细胞数量增多16. 内源性凝血叙述，正确的 （分数：1.00）A.由因子 XII的激活开始B.所需时间较外源性

4、凝血短C.不需要因子 V参加D.不需要 Ca2+ 参加E.不需要 VIII参加17. 心室内压力达最高值在 （分数：1.00）A.心房收缩期末B.等容收缩期末C.快速射血期D.等容舒张期末E.心室充盈期末18.心室肌细胞动作电位平台期是下列哪能离子跨膜流动的综合结果? （分数：1.00）A.Na+ 内流，Cl- 外流B.Na+ 外流，Cl- 内流C.Ca2+ 内流，K+ 外流D.K+ 内流 Ca2+ 外流E.Na+ 内流 ，K2+ 外流19. 心肌不会产生强直收缩的原因是 （分数：1.00）A.心肌有自律性B.心肌呈“全或无”收缩C.心肌肌浆网不发达D.心肌对胞外 Ca2+ 依赖性大E.心肌的

5、有效不应期特别长20. 血液在血管内流动时，血流阻力 （分数：1.00）A.与血管的半径成正比B.与血管半径的立方成反比C.与血管半径的平方成正比D.与血管半径的四次方成反比E.与血管半径的平方成反比21. 当心迷走神经兴奋时，可使 （分数：1.00）A.心率加快B.心房肌收缩缩力加强C.心室充盈血量增多D.房室传导速度加快E.左心室收缩压升高22. 肺通气的直接动力来自 （分数：1.00）A.呼吸肌的舒缩B.肺舒缩运动C.肺内压与大气压之差D.胸廓的舒缩E.肺内压与胸内压之差23. 决定肺内气体交换方向的主要因素是 （分数：1.00）A.气体分压差B.气体溶解度C.气体分子量D.呼吸膜通透性

6、E.气体与血红蛋白亲和力24. 胆汁成分中，下列哪种是促进脂肪消化吸收最重要的成份? （分数：1.00）A.胆色素B.胆固醇C.胆盐D.卵磷脂E.碳酸氢盐25. 消化、吸收最主要的场所在 （分数：1.00）A.口腔B.食道C.胃D.小肠E.大肠三、PART Answer Ques(总题数：5，分数：55.00)26. What are regulative patterns of human physiological function and each characteristic? (15 points) （分数：15.00）_27. What is the action potentia

7、l and its forming mechanisms in nervous fiber or skeletal muscle? (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_28. Describe the meaning for major components and intervals of ECG. (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_29. How are pulmonary ventilation Influenced by the changes in blood PO2 ,PCO2 , and pH? (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_30.5. What

8、are the components of gastric secretion and respective functions? (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_苏州大学 2007-2008学年度第一学期生理学期末考试试题 A答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART Explanation(总题数：10，分数：30.00)1. Homeostasis:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：( 稳态 homeostasis Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant state with special referenc

9、e to the internal medium. )解析：2.Active transport: （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(主动转运 active transport The movement of substances across the membrane occurs against the electrochemical gradient with the necessity of consumption of metabolic energy. )解析：3. Depolarization:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(去极化 depolarization The chang

10、e in membrane potential away from the resting potential and toward the sodium equilibrium. )解析：4. Blood coagulation:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：( 血液凝固 blood coagulation The coagulation system consists of cofactors and a series of zymogens which sequentially activate one another, leading to formation of fibrin at

11、 a site of vascular injury. )解析：5. Cardiac cycle:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(心动周期 cardiac cycle The cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next are called a cardiac cycle . Cardiac cycle is composed of two periods: systole and diastole. )解析：6.Mean arterial pressur

12、e:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：( 平均动脉压 mean arterial pressure The mean arterial blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries, average over time. )解析：7. Effective refractory period (ERP):（分数：3.00）_正确答案：( 有效不应期 effective refractory period The duration from the beginning of phase 0 to -60mV of repolarization fails

13、 to produce action potential to any stimulus, no matter how strong. This duration is called ERP. In the ERP, the excitability is almost zero. )解析：8. Functional residual capacity:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：( 机能余气量 functional residual capacity It equals to the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. T

14、his is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300ml). )解析：9. Ventilation /perfusion ratio:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(通气-血流比 ventilation /perfusion ratio The ratio of pulmonary ventilation to pulmonary blood flow for the whole lung, at rest about 0.8 (4.2 L/min venti

15、lation divided by 5.5 L/min blood flow). )解析：10.Digestion:（分数：3.00）_正确答案：(消化 digestion Digestion is a process essential for the conversion of food into a small and simple form. )解析：二、PART Single Choice(总题数：15，分数：15.00)11.可兴奋细胞兴奋时，共有的特征是产生 （分数：1.00）A.神经活动B.肌肉收缩C.腺体分泌D.反射活动E.动作电位 解析：12. 在强直收缩中，肌肉产生的动作

16、电位 （分数：1.00）A.发生叠加或总和B.不发生叠加或总和 C.幅值变大D.幅值变小E.频率变低解析：13.神经细胞产生静息电位的大小接近于 （分数：1.00）A.钠平衡电位B.钾平衡电位 C.钠平衡电位和钾平衡电位之和D.钠平衡电位和钾平衡电位之差E.锋电位与超射值之差解析：14. 在骨骼肌兴奋-收缩耦联过程中起关键作用的离子是 （分数：1.00）A.Na+B.Ca2+ C.Cl-D.K+E.Mg2+解析：15. 对红细胞生成的叙述，错误的是 （分数：1.00）A.红细胞的主要成分是血红蛋白B.制造血红蛋白的主要原料是叶酸和维生素 B12 C.只有 Fe2+才能被肠上皮细胞吸收D.促进红

17、细胞生成素主要在肾合成E.雄激素可使红细胞数量增多解析：16. 内源性凝血叙述，正确的 （分数：1.00）A.由因子 XII的激活开始 B.所需时间较外源性凝血短C.不需要因子 V参加D.不需要 Ca2+ 参加E.不需要 VIII参加解析：17. 心室内压力达最高值在 （分数：1.00）A.心房收缩期末B.等容收缩期末C.快速射血期 D.等容舒张期末E.心室充盈期末解析：18.心室肌细胞动作电位平台期是下列哪能离子跨膜流动的综合结果? （分数：1.00）A.Na+ 内流，Cl- 外流B.Na+ 外流，Cl- 内流C.Ca2+ 内流，K+ 外流 D.K+ 内流 Ca2+ 外流E.Na+ 内流 ，

18、K2+ 外流解析：19. 心肌不会产生强直收缩的原因是 （分数：1.00）A.心肌有自律性B.心肌呈“全或无”收缩C.心肌肌浆网不发达D.心肌对胞外 Ca2+ 依赖性大E.心肌的有效不应期特别长 解析：20. 血液在血管内流动时，血流阻力 （分数：1.00）A.与血管的半径成正比B.与血管半径的立方成反比C.与血管半径的平方成正比D.与血管半径的四次方成反比 E.与血管半径的平方成反比解析：21. 当心迷走神经兴奋时，可使 （分数：1.00）A.心率加快B.心房肌收缩缩力加强C.心室充盈血量增多 D.房室传导速度加快E.左心室收缩压升高解析：22. 肺通气的直接动力来自 （分数：1.00）A.

19、呼吸肌的舒缩B.肺舒缩运动C.肺内压与大气压之差 D.胸廓的舒缩E.肺内压与胸内压之差解析：23. 决定肺内气体交换方向的主要因素是 （分数：1.00）A.气体分压差 B.气体溶解度C.气体分子量D.呼吸膜通透性E.气体与血红蛋白亲和力解析：24. 胆汁成分中，下列哪种是促进脂肪消化吸收最重要的成份? （分数：1.00）A.胆色素B.胆固醇C.胆盐 D.卵磷脂E.碳酸氢盐解析：25. 消化、吸收最主要的场所在 （分数：1.00）A.口腔B.食道C.胃D.小肠 E.大肠解析：三、PART Answer Ques(总题数：5，分数：55.00)26. What are regulative pat

20、terns of human physiological function and each characteristic? (15 points) （分数：15.00）_正确答案：(Regulative patterns: 6 points (1) nervous regulation 2; (2) humoral regulation 2; (3) autoregulation; 2. Each characteristic: 9 points (1) nervous regulation is rapid, temporal, accurate, sensitive, dominant

21、and most important pattern, and it always depends on reflex activities to display function 4. (2) humoral regulation is slow, persistent, extensive, torpent, subordinate and secondary important pattern, and it always counts on biological active material, e.g., hormone or enzyme release to show effec

22、t 3. (3) autoregulation is independent of nervous and humoral factors, and its impact is small, local and limited but useful. 2. )解析：27. What is the action potential and its forming mechanisms in nervous fiber or skeletal muscle? (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Definition: Action potential is a rapid, r

23、eversible, and conductive change of the membrane potential after the cell is stimulated. 2.5 Forming mechanisms: (1) Reduction in membrane potential (depolarization) to “threshold“ level leads to opening of Na+ channels, allowing Na+ to enter the cell. 1.5 (2) Interior becomes positive, reversed pol

24、arization 1.5 (3) The Na+ channels then close automatically followed by a period of inactivation. 1.5 (4) Next K+ channels open, K+ leaves the cell and the interior again becomes negative (repolarization). 1.5 (5) Na+- K+ ATPase serves as a pump to recover normal ionic distribution in or out the mem

25、brane. 1.5 )解析：28. Describe the meaning for major components and intervals of ECG. (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(P wave: atrial depolarization (2); QRS complex: depolarization of ventricles (2);T wave: repolarization of ventricles (2); PR interval is the interval from the beginning of atrial activatio

26、n to the beginning of ventricular activation (2); QT interval is required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. (1); ST-segment: potential of myocardial cell in each part of ventricle is equal to each other and located at the platform period of AP (1). )解析：29. How are pulmonary ventilat

27、ion Influenced by the changes in blood PO2 ,PCO2 , and pH? (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Two groups of chemoreceptors, medullary (1) and peripheral (1), send afferent information to the medulla and influence the depth and frequency of respiration.(2) Medullary chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH and in

28、crease ventilation when pH falls.(3) Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH, PO2 , and PCO2, with PCO2 being most effective to intensify pulmonary ventilation.(3) )解析：30.5. What are the components of gastric secretion and respective functions? (10 Points)（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Stomach secretion are

29、 composed of four substances: hydrochloric acid, pepsin, mucus and intrinsic factor. (2) (1) Hydrochloric acid is important because it kills bacteria contained within ingested food, begins the breakdown of proteins, converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin, helps Fe+, Ca+ absor

30、ption in the small intestine and promotes secretion of pancreatic fluid, bile and Small intestinal juice. (2) (2) Pepsin breaks down protein to absorb amino acid in the small intestine. (2) (3) Mucus serves a lubricative role as well as a protective function against the caustic effects of the hydrochloric acid to gastric wall. (2) (4) Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12 and is the only stomach secretion that is essential. (2) )解析：