2010年职称英语真题之理工类A级试题及答案解析.doc

1、2010 年职称英语真题之理工类 A 级试题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选择(第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Our income has got smaller, so we must be realistic and give up our car. （分数：1.00）A.practicalB.considerateC.tiresomeD.shamed2.The special TV report disrupted regular programming. （分数：1.00）A.dissolvedB.disp

2、osedC.splitD.distributed3.A feeling of good fellowship prevailed at the social gathering. （分数：1.00）A.friendshipB.relationshipC.membershipD.transportation4.The splendid dress enhanced her beauty. （分数：1.00）A.improvedB.endangeredC.ignoredD.shared5.This proved an important contribution toward the public

3、 health. （分数：1.00）A.consumptionB.complicationC.reductionD.dedication6.The notion that the earth is round has been widely accepted since Magellan accomplished the first voyage around the world. （分数：1.00）A.noticeB.ideaC.factD.principle7.He found that he had several options. （分数：1.00）A.choicesB.respons

4、esC.offersD.rejections8.He stretched the rubber band till it snapped. （分数：1.00）A.brokeB.collapsedC.constitutedD.ripped9.In a 1983 newspaper poll, Ann Landers, an advice columnist, was listed among the twenty-five most influential women in the United States. （分数：1.00）A.surveyB.articleC.headlineD.conc

5、lusion10.My uncle was an electrician. （分数：1.00）A.person who is electedB.person who fixes bicyclesC.person who fits pipesD.person who repairs lights11.A careless person is apt to make mistakes （分数：1.00）A.likelyB.readilyC.surelyD.seemingly12.He dreamed of being a newspaperman, perhaps a foreign corres

6、pondent. （分数：1.00）A.agentB.salesmanC.reporterD.spokesman13.The truck gained momentum as it rolled down the steep road. （分数：1.00）A.motiveB.energyC.forceD.dilemma14.Man is fated to suffer many disappointments in his quest for truth. （分数：1.00）A.strugglingB.quotingC.enduringD.searching15.The council are

7、 going to merge our school in the big new county school. （分数：1.00）A.locateB.moveC.combineD.build二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(第 1622 题，每题(总题数：7，分数：7.00)16. A new era is upon us A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundam

8、ental change in the way we work. Already were partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan ( two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service indust

9、ry, and the number is on the rise. More part-time jobs, more people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation cant be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and c

10、areers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers-all these are being challenged. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip

11、(集成块), would transform our world to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrows achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain:

12、 information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems b

13、y applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else, if you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job. The service industry is relying more and more on female work force. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.N

14、ot mentioned.17.Most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.18.Peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.19.People have to change their jobs from time to time. （分数：1.00）A.Righ

15、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned.20.By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramatic changes. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.21.The future will probably belong to those who possess and know how to ma

16、ke use of information. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.22.The passage is mainly about features and implications of the new era. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 233(总题数：8，分数：8.00)23.The Atmosphere 1 The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten c

17、hemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton and xenon, comprise the rema

18、ining one percent of the volume of the dry air. The amount of water vapor and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke and other impurities which are always present in con

19、siderable, but variable amounts. 2 The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible. Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little

20、influence on weather changes. Recently studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probing, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata. 3 The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for ab

21、out ten miles, is known as the troposphere. On the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of the atmosphere, because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earths surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with the increasing eleva

22、tion is a mot striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earths surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5 degrees per 1000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, winds an

23、d air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 150 mph, but velocit

24、ies as 400 mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually reveal their true significance. 4 Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone

25、called the stratosphere. The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause. Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone gases which filter out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pre

26、ssure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the suns ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform. 5 The layer upward of about 50 miles is the mos

27、t fascinating but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere because it consists of electrically charges particles called ions, thrown from the sun. The northern lights ( aurora borealis ) originate within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather c

28、onditions, if any, is as yet unknown. Paragraph 1 _. （分数：1.00）A.The Definition and The Description of The IonsB.The Definition And The Description of The StratosphereC.The Suns RaysD.Recent Studies of The Upper Atmosphere Versus Past StudiesE.The Definition And The Description of The TroposphereF.Th

29、e Composition of The Atmosphere24.Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）A.The Definition and The Description of The IonsB.The Definition And The Description of The StratosphereC.The Suns RaysD.Recent Studies of The Upper Atmosphere Versus Past StudiesE.The Definition And The Description of The TroposphereF.The Com

30、position of The Atmosphere25.Paragraph 3. _. （分数：1.00）A.The Definition and The Description of The IonsB.The Definition And The Description of The StratosphereC.The Suns RaysD.Recent Studies of The Upper Atmosphere Versus Past StudiesE.The Definition And The Description of The TroposphereF.The Compos

31、ition of The Atmosphere26.Paragraph 4. _.（分数：1.00）A.The Definition and The Description of The IonsB.The Definition And The Description of The StratosphereC.The Suns RaysD.Recent Studies of The Upper Atmosphere Versus Past StudiesE.The Definition And The Description of The TroposphereF.The Compositio

32、n of The Atmosphere27.At the top of Jungfrau, which towers 12,000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually _. （分数：1.00）A.contains a layer of ozone gases.B.about 42 degrees colder than on the ground.C.21% oxygen by weight.D.less than 1% of xenon by volumeE.about 75

33、 degrees colder than in InterlakenF.is warmed by the earths heat.28.Life as we know exists on the earth because the atmosphere _.（分数：1.00）A.contains a layer of ozone gases.B.about 42 degrees colder than on the ground.C.21% oxygen by weight.D.less than 1% of xenon by volumeE.about 75 degrees colder t

34、han in InterlakenF.is warmed by the earths heat.29.The atmosphere consists of _. （分数：1.00）A.contains a layer of ozone gases.B.about 42 degrees colder than on the ground.C.21% oxygen by weight.D.less than 1% of xenon by volumeE.about 75 degrees colder than in InterlakenF.is warmed by the earths heat.

35、30.The troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it _.（分数：1.00）A.contains a layer of ozone gases.B.about 42 degrees colder than on the ground.C.21% oxygen by weight.D.less than 1% of xenon by volumeE.about 75 degrees colder than in InterlakenF.is warmed by the earths heat.四、第 4 部分：阅读

36、理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：15，分数：45.00)31. 第一篇 The Volcano Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned a great deal, they still have not discovered the cause of volcanic action. They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they are not sure exactly what cause

37、s the great heat. Some geologists have thought that the heat is caused by the great pressure of the earths outer layers. Or the heat may be left from the time when the earth was formed. During the last sixty years scientists have learned about radium, uranium, thorium and other radioactive elements.

38、 These give out heat all the time as they change into other elements. Many scientists now believe that much of the heat inside the earth is produced by radioactive elements. Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the farther down we dig, in deep mines and oil we

39、lls the temperature rises about 10F for each 50 feet. At this rate the temperature 40 miles below the earths surface would be over 40000F. this is much hotter than necessary to melt rock. However, the pressure of the rock above keeps most materials from melting at their usual melting points. Geologi

40、sts believe that the rock deep in the earth may be plastic, or puttylike, in other words, the rock yields slowly to pressure but is not liquid. But if some change in the earths crust releases the pressure, the rock melts. Then the hot, liquid rock can move up toward the surface. When the melted rock

41、 works its way close to earths crust, a volcano may be formed. The melted rock often contains steam and other gases under great pressure. If the rock above gives way, the pressure is released. Then the sudden expansion of the gases causes explosions. These blow the melted rock into pieces of differe

42、nt sizes and shoot them high in the air. Here they cool and harden into volcanic ash and cinders. Some of the material falls around the hole made in the earths surface. The melted rock may keep on rising and pour out as lava. In this way, volcanic ash, cinders and lava build up the cone-shaped mount

43、ains that we call volcanoes. The subject of this passage is the _. （分数：3.00）A.formation of volcanoesB.results of volcanic actionC.work of geologistsD.interior of the earth32.The cause fro the heat in the interior of the earth is _. （分数：3.00）A.radioactive elementsB.the great pressure of the earthC.no

44、t determinedD.the heart remaining from the formation of the earth33.From the information given in the passage, most minerals would melt fastest _. （分数：3.00）A.at 40000F, at sea levelB.at 40000F, 5000 feet below sea levelC.at the exact center of earth at 40000FD.at 40000F, 5000 feet above the sea leve

45、l34.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （分数：3.00）A.Geologists know that volcano action is caused by radioactive elements.B.Geologists know that there is higher temperature within the earth.C.The real causes of the heat inside the earth have not been found.D.Scient

46、ists have made various guesses about the causes of heat inside the earth.35.The best title for the passage is _. （分数：3.00）A.The Heat Inside the EarthB.VolcanoesC.Radioactive ElementsD.The Melted Rock36. 第二篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in m

47、ore ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether youre driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell1 use by both pedestrians and drivers. The new studies, lead-authored by Rutg

48、ers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb2, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian an

49、d traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a “critical mass“ 3 of 100 million, the study found. These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factored in4 a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alc