Culture及答案解析.doc

1、Culture及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：5.00)BPart A/BI For questions 1-5, you will hear a passage. Listen and answer the questions with the information you ve heard. Write Bnot more than 3 words/B in each blank. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read

2、the questions below./I（分数：5.00）(1).Gold was discovered in California _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Hundreds of people rushed to California because they wanted to _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The modern prospectors have headed back to California for gold in the form of _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One problem that the

3、old prospectors had was that they were anxious to _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).William Waldo established _ .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What are the traditional games and dancing for?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).How long will the Impressionist exhibition last?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What wil

4、l you find at Stuttgart Town Hall?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).When can we listen to the National Orchestra of France playing Beethoven s fifth symphony?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What can he do if one needs information about children s activities?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart C/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)IQuestions 11-13 are base

5、d on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13./I（分数：3.00）(1).What is the mistaken impression of the American Indians created by most movies?（分数：1.00）A.All of them didn t know how to ride a horse.B.All of them couldn t live without horses.C.All of them were uncivilized a

6、nd fond of killing.D.All of them lived a wandering life on the horseback.(2).Why did Hollywood and television change the historical facts when making movies about the American Indians?（分数：1.00）A.They were completely prejudiced against Indians.B.They wanted to make the stories more exciting.C.They mi

7、sunderstood these facts.D.They meant to be honest but made mistakes.(3).When did the Americans Indians begin to take a life depending upon the use of horses?（分数：1.00）A.Long after the European colonizers arrived in North America.B.Long before the first Europeans began settling down in America.C.Ever

8、since the American Indians came into being.D.After they saw the Hollywood movies about themselves.IQuestions 14-16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16./I（分数：3.00）(1).In which way may the first cooked food be made?（分数：1.00）A.It was accidentally baked on

9、 volcanoes.B.It was cooked by forest fire by chance.C.It was boiled in the natural hot-water spring.D.It was cooked by the heat of the sun.(2).Which of the following information is true?（分数：1.00）A.History recorded the time when the first man cooked his food.B.Cooked food is better for brain developm

10、ent.C.Early people found cooked food more delicious.D.Cooked food became popular before man learned to control fire.(3).Which of the following is not mentioned in the talk?（分数：1.00）A.The early Indians cooked their food by burying it under the hot sand.B.Raw food has been eaten for thousands of years

11、.C.The earlier kitchen utensil was very simple.D.Boiling food became possible after fire-proof containers appeared.IQuestions 17-20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read questions 17-20./I（分数：4.00）(1).What is the talk mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.Overland transportation in t

12、he nineteenth century.B.Historical aspects of mail delivery.C.Vehicles currently in use by the postal service.D.The invention of railroad.(2).According to the speaker, why was it a problem for mail carriers to cross rivers in 1600s?（分数：1.00）A.Boats used on rivers were extremely crowded.B.The current

13、 was too swift for boats to cross easily.C.The bridges were too weak to carry the weight of a stagecoach.D.Ferry service was infrequent.(3).What does the expression the “age of the iron horse“ refer to?（分数：1.00）A.The era during which the railroads was the dominant mode of transportation.B.The time d

14、uring which mail was delivered by horse.C.The point at which airmail began to constitute the bulk of United States mail.D.The time period covered in the museum exhibition.(4).What can be found in the museum s philatelic collection?（分数：1.00）A.Models of the first airplanes used for mail delivery.B.Rep

15、licas of railway mail ears.C.Historical stamps.D.Engravings of nineteenth century railroad scenes.四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A person becomes part of the Christian community through baptism-it is a matter of choiceU (21) /Ubirth. The Christian community is a gathered communityU (22) /Uwho belie

16、ve that Jesus is the Christ and that they have salvationU (23) /U. It is open to males and females of any age, race, orU (24) /U. A Christian is normally affiliated with a particular parish or congregation that isU (25) /Uthe care of a particular clergyperson. A baptized person is usuallyU (26) /Ua

17、Christian by all Christians everywhere; however, there may be some additional requirements to meet if a personU (27) /Uto a church of a different tradition.Giving money and goods needed by othersU (28) /Ua part of Christian living. Some Christians engage in tithing, theU (29) /Uof 10 percent of thei

18、r income to support the work of the church,U (30) /Uincludes charitable services of those in need. Other Christians give smallerU (31) /Uof their income to the church but contribute either directly to those in need or to organizations that serve human beings or lower animals.Although some Christians

19、 believe the world will continue to become more evil until Christ returns to earth,U (32) /Uthink that theyU (33) /Uimprove the world. Christian service to God means,U (34) /U, not only charity to meet current needs but also altering institutions and structures of society in order toU (35) /Upoverty

20、, illness, and injustices. For some Christians, the social implications of the gospel are almost as important as the religious. John Woolman visited the slaveholders in the United States toU (36) /Uthem to free their slaves. Henry Ward Beecher openly supported a campaign to free all the slaves. Walt

21、er Rauschenbusch labored to improve living and working conditions for poor people in cities. Albert Schweitzer brought modern medicine to peoples in Africa. Martin Luther King used theU (37) /Uresistance methodsU (38) /Uby Mohandas K. Gandhi to win recognition of civil right for black people of the

22、United states. Mother Teresa worked to save abandoned children in Calcutta. These few examples give some idea of theU (39) /Uof activitiesU (40) /Uhave fostered to improve the living conditions of their fellow humans.（分数：20.00）A.rather thanB.rather than ofC.rather.than ofD.not ofA.of theseB.of thatC

23、.of a personD.of thoseA.in his nameB.to his nameC.under the name ofD.in their nameA.nationB.countryC.nationalityD.nationalA.inB.ofC.underD.withA.acceptedB.acceptingC.accepting asD.accepted asA.chargesB.transformsC.turnsD.transfersA.isB.has long beenC.areD.have long beenA.donationB.givingC.sendingD.c

24、ontributionA.thatB.whatC.whichD.in whichA.amountsB.numbersC.amountD.numberA.fewB.some peopleC.many peopleD.many othersA.mayB.canC.mustD.are obliged toA.to himB.to themC.to herD.to usA.improveB.changeC.careD.alleviateA.talkB.persuadeC.sayD.convinceA.non-violentB.violentC.inviolentD.nonviolentA.procee

25、dB.pioneeredC.processedD.possessedA.varietyB.kindsC.sortsD.variousA.the poor peopleB.the blackC.JesusD.Christians五、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：20.00)BPassage 1/BReebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies“. They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to dive

26、rse market segments, specially now that the company offers basketball and children s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also pointing out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casua

27、l shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to 1 billion annually, ahead of all oth

28、er sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from 27 to 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the company s view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few yea

29、rs, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had

30、. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related cr

31、aze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged th

32、e strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.（分数：5.00）(1).One reason why Reebok s managerial personnel don t like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies“ is that _ .（分数：1.00）A.they believe that their shoes are popula

33、r with people of different age groupsB.new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoesC.“yuppies“ usually evokes a negative imageD.the term makes people think of prohibitive prices(2).Reebok s view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution“ (

34、Line 4, Para. 2) implies that _ .（分数：1.00）A.the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling itB.the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsC.the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell itD.consumers believe that first-rate pr

35、oducts are only sold by high-quality stores(3).Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because _ .（分数：1.00）A.its supply of products fell short of demandB.too many distributors would cut into its profitsC.the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the marketD.it wanted

36、to enhance consumer confidence in its products(4).Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it _ .（分数：1.00）A.does not want to further expand its retailing networkB.still limits the number of shoes supplied to storesC.is still particular about who sells its products

37、D.still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products(5).What lesson has Reebok learned from Nike s distribution problems?（分数：1.00）A.A company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores.B.A company should not limit its distribution network.C.A company should do follow-up surveys

38、 of its products.D.A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new craze on the market.BPassage 2/BWhile fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, a

39、nd may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society

40、like a primitive group, or in a caste society.Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called

41、 social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the serial structure. This proces

42、s gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes

43、fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves

44、 little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken.The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movem

45、ent have, or require, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imp

46、oses on them.（分数：5.00）(1).It is known from the first paragraph that _ .（分数：1.00）A.fashion operates in every societyB.fashion can be found only in a few fields of group lifeC.fashion originates in a class societyD.people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society(2).According to the author,

47、which of the following people usually lead a new fashion?（分数：1.00）A.Philosophers.B.Artists.C.Writers.D.The social elite.(3).The following statements are false EXCEPT _ .（分数：1.00）A.fashion, as a movement, is staticB.a fashion is destined to disappear once it is launchedC.a fashion will never vanish o

48、nce it is introducedD.the upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement(4).According to the author, a fashion movement _ .（分数：1.00）A.will eventually develop into a social organizationB.has little in common with other movementsC.has a powerful leadership guiding itD.has a set of symbols and values(5).It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement _ .（分数