GRE16及答案解析.doc

1、GRE16及答案解析(总分：27.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Scientists have acknowledged that to interpret an animals thought processes in a sound manner requires a heavy dose of -|_|-. from our own mental patterns, which we access（分数：1.00）A.estimation . vicariouslyB.calculation . egotistica

2、llyC.guesswork . methodicallyD.inference . introspectivelyE.skepticism . analogously2.A gulf remains between negotiators from the rich world, who are so skeptical they hope to see the treatys ambitious provisions -|_|-, and those from poor countries, who want them -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.explicated ignored

3、B.diluted strengthenedC.absconded deliveredD.reinforced removedE.relaxed loosened3.The vireos comeback may prove that habitat along streams in Southern California is recovering from the effects of pollution, -|_|-indicator of environmental health in a state that has lost most of its -|_|-woodlands.（

4、分数：1.00）A.a leading . superfluousB.an apocryphal . ecologicalC.a partial . surfeitD.a telling . riparianE.an anecdotal . arboreal4.While mimicking the thought of his mentor Socrates, who conceived of forms as existing on an ethereal, heavenly and -|_|-plane, Plato also argued that forms become -|_|-

5、in objects.（分数：1.00）A.abstract . rationalB.condensed . ratifiedC.sacrilegious . profaneD.transcendent . immanentE.imaginative . earthbound5.Science and society are -|_|-collaborators: In the best of worlds we may achieve a very fine and finely negotiated partnership, and in the worst of worlds, -|_|

6、one by the other.（分数：1.00）A.symbiotic . destruction ofB.antagonistic . amelioration ofC.trustworthy . exploitation ofD.uneasy . annihilation ofE.parasitic . indifference to6.Even if the public ate up every -|_|-detail about their leaders, that same public grew offended that the news media would act

7、ually pander to their baser impulses.（分数：1.00）A.mesmericB.loftyC.supineD.resonantE.lubricious7.As a genre the musical has a great deal to -|_|-it: its dramatic rhythmic beats of alternating failure and success are -|_|-to the musical form, and the singing and dancing emerge naturally from the story.

8、分数：1.00）A.occupy . inimicalB.recommend . appositeC.distract . unknownD.encumber . endemicE.abet . exogamic二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)One reason why a sheep, a less well-understood experimental subject than the laboratory mouse, should have proved easier to clone may stem from differences in the init

9、ial stages of the two species embryonic development. After reaching maturity in the ovary of the mother, the unfertilized eggs of all mammals accumulate a supply of proteins, and the means of producing fresh protein. In this way, the mammalian egg brings with it a larder for the embryo to make use o

10、f until its own genes activate and supply this requirement themselves. The sheep embryo disposes of its store properly and need not depend on its own genes until the sixteen-cell stage, four cell divisions successive to fertilization, while in contrast, the mouse embryo commences this process more p

11、recociously, becoming reliant on the activity of its own genes after just the first division when the fertilized egg becomes two cells. Therefore, a foreign nucleus introduced into a sheep egg exploits a respite in its hosts biological development, allowing it to adapt to its new role before assumin

12、g genetic control. Concomitantly, a nucleus introduced into a mouse egg must acclimatize quickly for its genes to be able to direct embryonic development within a single cell division, so perhaps there is insufficient time for the extensive re-programming of compulsory gene activity. The human embry

13、o is thought to rely on its own genes after three cellular divisions, which might or might not provide time enough for a foreign nucleus to acclimate. However, were scientists to comprehend the nature of the indispensable re-programming then there is every likelihood that both mice and humans could

14、be cloned. Despite the long-standing availability of this technology, there has until recently been little interest in it. Some people suffering from infertility as a result of rare hereditary diseases could produce offspring, but cloned individuals may be at risk given scientists limited knowledge

15、of the long term effects of allowing an “old“ adult cell nucleus to commence life again in an egg. The nucleus of a skin cell could have accumulated a multitude of genetic mistakes of no consequence to its role in the skin, but the same cell could prove deleterious in other tissues, or immensely inc

16、rease the probability of the affliction with cancer. The threat to general human health posed by cloning, as opposed to the individual, is difficult to determine, but the risks are almost certainly lower than those encountered in the effective inbreeding of consanguine marriages, and thus there are

17、no scientific grounds per se for banning cloning. Like other practices inconsequential to the physical well being of humanity, but generally deemed undesirable on moral or social grounds, the prohibition of human cloning will ultimately rest with only a simple pragmatic decision. （分数：0.98）(1).In thi

18、s passage, the author is primarily concerned with -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.advancing an argument against human cloning based on evidence from cloning experiments performed on lower life formsB.measuring the technical and ethical limitations of the embryonic cloning process in mammalsC.refuting arguments aga

19、inst human cloning through the use of hard scientific evidenceD.illuminating the critical ethical distinctions in process between human cloning and sheep cloningE.describing how the ethical issues in the quest for human cloning have given rise to new models of embryonic development(2).The author sug

20、gests that all of the following is true concerning the cloning process EXCEPT -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.The sheep was chosen as an ideal subject because of its genetic development, not for its precedence as a research subject.B.The human embryo comes to rely upon its own genetic code at an earlier stage of d

21、evelopment than the mice embryo.C.The unfertilized sheep egg acquires a limitless supply of protein from the mother s ovary.D.The earlier the foreign nucleus assumes genetic control of the embryo, the more successful it will likely be.E.The foreign nucleus transplanted to an embryo may be consider “

22、older“ than the nucleus it replaced.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following kinds of practices would the author view as LEAST analogous in ethical terms to human cloning?（分数：0.14）A.Animal vivisectionB.Human cannibalismC.Tribal endogamyD.Religious polygamyE.Organ donation(

23、4).In the first paragraph, the author makes use of which of the following?（分数：0.14）A.MetaphorB.AnalogyC.AnecdoteD.HyperboleE.Hypothesis(5).The authors view of the future potential of human cloning may best be described as which of the following?（分数：0.14）A.Cautious but positiveB.Apprehensive and admo

24、nitoryC.Neither concerned nor optimisticD.Alarmed and antagonisticE.Disinterested and neutral(6).Which of the following hypothetical scientific discoveries, if made, would weaken the authors arguments concerning the ethical risks of human cloning?（分数：0.14）A.Through careful and documented study, clon

25、ing proves to be less risky than consanguineous breeding.B.A laboratory process for reducing the number of stages in the cell division process is developed.C.A non-cloning method for curing human fertility is discovered, thereby reducing the need to rely upon cloning.D.A procedure for easing the acc

26、limation of a foreign nucleus in the embryonic host is established.E.A means of assessing genetic mistakes in a foreign nucleus before its implementation into a clone is devised.(7).Information in the passage provides support for which of the following assertions concerning human cloning? . A better

27、 understanding of the genetic reprogramming process would not likely allow us to clone higher mammals. . The threat to public health that cloning presents should concern us more than that its threat to individual health. . The lack of interest in cloning owes less to a lack of technology than a skep

28、ticism toward its possible benefits. （分数：0.14）A. onlyB. onlyC. onlyD. and onlyE., , and Hydrothermal vents along the mid-ocean ridges host ephemeral ecosystems of diverse fauna, including several crustacean species, some of which undergo development as larvae up to 1,000 meters above and 100 kilomet

29、ers away from the vents. For example, vent crab Bythograea thermydron (at stage of larvae) possess image-forming compound eyes with a visual pigment sensitive to the blue light of upper oceanic waters. As these larvae metamorphose into adulthood and begin to descend to and settle at the vents, they

30、lose their imageforming optics and develop highsensitivity naked-retina eyes. With maturation,the spectral absorbance of the visual pigment in these eyes also shifts towards longer wavelengths and this progressive visual metamorphosis trades imaging for increased sensitivity, and changes spectral se

31、nsitivity to the dim, longer wavelengths of light existing at the bottom of the ocean. As hydrothermal vents produce light, vision may supplement thermal and chemical senses to orient post-larval settlement at vent sites. （分数：-0.98）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the pas

32、sage?（分数：-0.14）A.Adaptive Visual Metamorphosis in Deep-Sea Vent CrabsB.Aspects of the General Anatomical Development of Deep-Sea Vent CrabsC.New Research Directions in the Study of Deep-Sea Vent CrabsD.Common Features of Optics of Lower Depth Oceanic AnimalsE.Patterns of Anatomical Transformation in

33、 Lower Oceanic Creatures(2).According to the passage, the optical anatomy of Bythograea thermydrons acquires which of the following features as it grows from larva to an adult? . A higher sensitivity to longer wavelengths of light . An enhanced ability to form images . A greater range of spectral ab

34、sorbance （分数：-0.14）A.I onlyB.II onlyC.I and II onlyD.I and III onlyE.I, II, and III(3).According to the passage, the optics of the vent crab Bythograea thermydron (line 4 ) serve all of the following purposes over the course of its life-cycle EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.14）A.They assist in the orientation proces

35、s by helping the crab navigate toward post-larval settlements.B.They assist the crabs visually by permitting imaging in the light-saturated upper oceanic depths.C.They help the crabs navigate by providing thermal and chemical senses to the adult crab near post-larval settlements.D.They increase the

36、crabs flexibility by allowing the crab to adapt to two different environments with different lighting conditions.E.They permit the crabs to achieve increased sensitivity to the location of underwater thermal vents.(4).It may be inferred from the passage that the larval environment which surrounds th

37、e vent crab Bythograea thermydron differs from its adult environment in that it_.（分数：-0.14）A.contains more thermal vents than the adult environmentB.receives more of its light from the sun than from hydrothermal ventsC.lacks the longer and dimmer wavelengths of light found in the adult environmentD.

38、can be survived only by creatures equipped with image-forming opticsE.has a tendency to induce metamorphoses in the creatures that occupy it(5).It can be inferred from the passage that in Woolf s lifetime, women writers avoided conflating faction and fiction because to do so_.（分数：-0.14）A.impinged on

39、 their writings vividnessB.contaminated their writing s impartialityC.undermined their writings narrative coherenceD.restricted their writings resonanceE.limited their writing s perceptiveness(6).The passage suggests which of the following about Virgina Woolfs work? . Woolfs most lasting contributio

40、n has been the high sense of objectivity she brought to her work, which was mostly lacking in the feminist writing of the time . Much of Woolf s non-fiction employed narrative strategies more commonly used in narrative at the time. . Woolfs intentions regarding the use of biographical anecdotes have

41、 largely been misread by critics. （分数：-0.14）A. onlyB.onlyC.and onlyD. and onlyE., , and (7).It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the critical reception that Woolfs work has received as_.（分数：-0.14）A.largely irrelevant, in that it has paid too much attention to writers of female s

42、tereotypes instead of those who have challenged themB.insufficiently praiseful, in that it fails to acknowledge the extent to which Woolf attacked the stereotypes of her timeC.balanced, in that both Woolf s contribution to the fight against feminist stereotypes and her technical limitations are usua

43、lly acknowledgedD.often inappropriate, in that critics often mistake the personal references in her work as evidence of self-absorption, instead of a valid techniqueE.mostly incisive, in that it points out the unfortunate egotistism of her writing which diminished its overall positive aspects四、SECTI

44、ON 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.VERIFY: DOUBTFUL : :（分数：1.00）A.embellish: austereB.depurate: rareC.vary: conspicuousD.compress: volatileE.instruct: awkward9.CISTERN: LIQUIDS : :（分数：1.00）A.cantilever: crowbarB.stalagmite: grottoC.landfill: refuseD.armory: countermeasuresE.breviary: wildlife10.SAGE: JUDGMENT : :

45、分数：1.00）A.vaticinator: omnipotenceB.consumer: wealthC.villain: perfidyD.autodidact: ambitionE.knave: deceit11.EPIDERMIS: MAMMAL（分数：1.00）A.cheese: hotdogB.feathers: birdC.mattress: couchD.halo: starE.tuber: trunk12.BIGOT: INTOLERANT : :（分数：1.00）A.braggart: humbleB.dupe: compliantC.liar: dishonestD.b

46、enefactor: selfishE.lumber: inflammable13.CIRCUMSPECT: PRUDENCE : :（分数：1.00）A.cautious: hastinessB.urbane: improprietyC.cursory: superficialityD.circuitous: convergenceE.reckless: impassivity14.ADDENDUM: DOCUMENT : :（分数：1.00）A.duplication: originalB.postscript: letterC.correspondence: epistolaryD.ca

47、non: apocryphaE.epigraph: preface15.DISINGENUOUS: MISLEAD : :（分数：1.00）A.acquisitive: repelB.adventurous: advertC.noxious: offendD.auspicious: petitionE.pompous: reject16.ADROITNESS: INEPITUDE : :（分数：1.00）A.obscurity: necessityB.stoicism: generosityC.ferocity: insubordinationD.complexity: tangencyE.d

48、ifficulty: simplicity五、SECTION 4(总题数：11，分数：11.00)17.ASPERSIONS:（分数：1.00）A.annoyanceB.plundersC.misgivingsD.sycophancyE.regrets18.PREDILECTION:（分数：1.00）A.routineB.flatteryC.propensity to hateD.reluctance to decideE.obscurity19.RECANT:（分数：1.00）A.replyB.affirmC.divulgeD.directE.suggest20.INADVERTENCE:（分数：1.00）A.complete loyaltyB.attentivenessC.group movementD.disagreeable characteristicE.powerful mind21.ASSET:（分数：1.00）A.credentialB.liabilityC.refutationD.responsibilityE.unsteadiness22.ESOTERIC:（分数：1.00）A.enduringB.valuelessC.widely recognizedD.articulateE.simple23.ABER