GRE26及答案解析.doc

1、GRE26及答案解析(总分：26.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Rose was one of the children who observe and -|_|-much, and now and then- their friends by a wise or confounding remark.（分数：1.00）A.prattle . amuseB.meditate . nonplusC.praise . displeaseD.meddle . surpriseE.absorb . insult2.Initiall

2、y -|_|-expectation, Stella was dismayed to learn that her new duties would not be performed in the golden -|_|-of a queen or a princess, but the drab uniform of a cook.（分数：1.00）A.bereft of . garbB.deprived of . garmentC.full of . apparelD.deluged with . pretensionsE.freed from . accessories3.The Cou

3、rt had made clear that the Federal Government is one of -|_|-and enumerated powers, and thus none of them allow the government to -|_|-its citizens legal rights in their own jurisdictions.（分数：1.00）A.limited abrogateB.special containC.judicial questionD.essential challengeE.expansive rescind4.The vir

4、eos comeback may prove that habitat along streams in Southern California is recovering from the effects of pollution, -|_|-indicator of environmental health in a state that has lost most of its -|_|-woodlands.（分数：1.00）A.a leading . superfluousB.an apocryphal . ecologicalC.a partial . surfeitD.a tell

5、ing . riparianE.an anecdotal . arboreal5.What Spinoza says of laws is equally true of party-platformsthat those are strong which appeal to reason, but -|_|-which compel the assent both of reason and the common affections of mankind.（分数：1.00）A.worthyB.impregnableC.relevantD.baseE.insupportable6.After

6、 a while, his anger abated, he stopped hurling -|_|-and, as he often did after such an outburst, became quite -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.floridities . unassumingB.imprecations . remorsefulC.explications . ruefulD.epigrams . meekE.hyperbole . choleric7.Perfect certainty belongs only to the gods; the rest of us

7、 have to make do with science and its -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.imperfectionsB.conclusionsC.methodologiesD.hyperboleE.resignation二、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：1.00)That large regions of the galaxy can be influenced by the formation of massive stars in a few localized regions requires that star formation somehow be co

8、ordinated over long periods of time. The process commences with a single O-type star or a cluster of such stars in a giant molecular cloud, around which stellar radiation, winds and explosions carve a modest cavity from of the surrounding interstellar medium, concomitantly destroying the progenitor

9、cloud. Perchance this disturbance triggers star formation in a nearby cloud, and so on, until the interstellar medium in this corner of the galaxy resembles Swiss cheese, composed of what theorists have recently begun to refer to as bubbles, or superbubbles, one of the most exciting discoveries in a

10、strophysics in years. Within a hot bubble, the sun has revealed itself in x-rays emitted by highly ionized trace ions such as oxygen and at some point in the process of its formation, nearby bubbles commence to overlap, coalescing into a superbubble. The energy from more and more O-type stars feeds

11、this expanding superbubble until its natural buoyancy stretches it from the midplane up toward the halo, forming a chimneythe superbubble thus becomes a pathway for hot interior gas to spread into the upper reaches of the galactic atmosphere, producing a widespread corona. Far from its source of ene

12、rgy, the coronal gas slowly starts to cool and condense into clouds. Over eons, these clouds fall back to the galaxys mid-plane, completing the fountain-like cycle and replenishing the galactic disk with cool clouds from which star formation begins anew. Star formation often occurs in sporadic but i

13、ntense bursts, but in the Milky Way the competing feedback effects almost balance out, so that stars form at an unhurried pacejust 10 per year on average, except in some galaxies where positive feedback has gained the upper hand. 20 million to 50 million years ago, star formation in the central part

14、s of M82 began running out of control. Our galaxy, too, may have had sporadic bursts, and the way these starbursts occur, and what turns them off must be tied to the complex relation between stars and the tenuous atmosphere from which they precipitate. Progress will be made in this complicated subje

15、ct as astronomers continue to study how the medium is cycled through stars, through the different phases of the medium, and between the disk and the halo. Observations of other galaxies give astronomers a birds-eye view of the interstellar goings-on, and answer such a critical question as whether st

16、ars are really the main source of power for the interstellar medium. The loop above the Cassiopeia superbubble1looks uncomfortably similar to the prominences that arch above the surface of the sun, prominences which owe much to the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere, and scientists have begun to

17、 wonder if magnetic activity dominates our galaxys atmosphere. （分数：0.98）(1).The primary function of the passage as a whole is to -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.indicate the direction that research into a particular physical phenomenon should takeB.illustrate the limitations of applying mathematics to complicated

18、astrophysical phenomenaC.clarify the differences between an old explanation of a physical phenomenon and a new model of itD.introduce a new explanation of a physical phenomenonE.explain the difference between two related physical phenomena(2).Which of the following best describes the organization of

19、 the first paragraph?（分数：0.14）A.A theory is presented and criticized.B.A phenomenon is named and then explained.C.A model is described and evaluated for consistency.D.A result is reported and its importance explained.E.A hypothesis is introduced and contrary evidence presented.(3).According to the p

20、assage, the more superbubbles that exist in a galaxy, -|_|-.（分数：0.14）A.the longer the star-formation process will take placeB.the greater the amount of interstellar gas in the galaxyC.the higher the positive feedback rate of star formation in the galaxyD.the less magnetic activity in that galaxyE.th

21、e more regular the intervals of star formation(4).According to the passage, which of the following is true about the way stars usually form?（分数：0.14）A.They tend to overlap as they appear.B.They tend to result from the residual matter of supernovas.C.They tend to generate in sudden irregular fits.D.T

22、hey tend to destroy their progenitor clouds.E.They tend to form away from gas coronas.(5).According to the explanation given in the passage, which of the following causes superbubbles to gradually assume the shape of a chimney?（分数：0.14）A.The gravitational attraction of supernovas adjacent to the reg

23、ion of the chimney s formationB.The effect of entropy on the relative abundance of hot interior gas within the superbubbleC.A chemical reaction involving ionized trace ions at the heart of the superbubbleD.A tendency toward coalescence in the gases that contribute to the formation of the superbubble

24、E.A natural buoyancy of the superbubble, which causes the chimney to stretch and become a gaseous conduit(6).It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would occur if the chimneys formed by superbubbles failed to deliver their hot interior gas? . The surrounding galaxy would lac

25、k enough cool gas clouds to form new stars. . Positive feedback in the star formation process would go unchecked. . More and more O-type stars would come into existence from the static gas clouds. （分数：0.14）A.onlyB. onlyC.and onlyD.and onlyE., and (7).Which of the following, if true, would most serio

26、usly undermine the validity of the model of star formation that is presented in the passage?（分数：0.14）A.A star is discovered that emits lower levels of trace ions than those discovered by x-rays of our galaxys sun.B.A section of the universe is discovered to lack both stars and any sort of interstell

27、ar medium.C.A galaxy is discovered with a negative rate of star formation.D.In one corner of the galaxy, coronal gas is discovered to rarify as it becomes cooler.E.A superbubble is found of equal mass to the galaxy surrounding it.Many microorganisms survive such environmental stresses as heat, cold

28、and desiccation not by rapid rates of mitosis, but by producing specialized cells designed to persist in a dormant state in hostile environments. Most fungi, for Line example, yield single-celled spores, which, through wind distribution, can survive for long periods of time before germinating and sp

29、routing fungal filaments of their own. Other types of bacteria produce a special type of spore called an endospore, capable of withstanding such extremes as boiling and freezing temperatures, and even ultraviolet radiation. Though research results remain tentative, several factors may protect endosp

30、ores from environmental stress: they have a low water content, unusual proteins and a tough spore coat absent in mature bacterial cells. When garden fruits and vegetables, which may contain botulism endospores, are preserved by canning at boiling temperatures, we know that these spores survive the h

31、eat and sprout in the food, and as a result, the bacteria generate the botulism toxin that can lead to food poisoningproof of their magnificent resilience. （分数：-1.00）(1).The authors primary purpose in the passage is to_.（分数：-0.25）A.describe the limits of biologists understanding of the phenomenon of

32、 cellular dormancyB.explain how certain organisms have adapted to withstand environmental adversityC.contrast the survival techniques of two organisms which use dormancy to survive hostile environmentsD.explain why endospores are so adept at surviving the traditional canning processE.suggest which m

33、ethods are effective for killing endospores at which are not(2).The passage mentions all of the following as environmental stresses that can be survived by microorganisms that practice cellular dormancy EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.25）A.Low temperaturesB.Ultraviolet radiationC.Acidic environmentsD.High temperatur

34、esE.Drying processes(3).It may be inferred from the passage that, in contrast to their present view, microbiologists once believed that_.（分数：-0.25）A.only a single feature of endospore biology was responsible for their successB.potentially, a canning process could be developed that was capable of des

35、troying all endosporesC.ultraviolet radiation was a possible means of destroying microorganisms that practice cellular dormancyD.cellular mitosis was the root cause of the resilience of the microorganisms under discussionE.only single-celled organisms, like those of fungal spores, could practice cel

36、lular dormancy(4).The author would regard the notion that certain proteins are essential to the survival of environmentally resistant endospores as_.（分数：-0.25）A.unlikelyB.speculativeC.incontrovertibleD.irrelevantE.unscientific四、SECTION 3(总题数：9，分数：9.00)8.ACHROMATIC: HUE : :（分数：1.00）A.convoluted: tort

37、uousnessB.tranquil: listenerC.extraneous: essentialityD.derivative: modelE.disoriented: destination9.ARGOT: SUBCULTURE : :（分数：1.00）A.symptom: ailmentB.cipher: settlementC.jargon: professionD.face: individualityE.sign: convention10.SCRIBBLE: DRAW : :（分数：1.00）A.imply: suggestB.quibble: evadeC.harmoniz

38、e: playD.chisel: engraveE.babble: speak11.POSEUR: UNAFFECTED : :（分数：1.00）A.interlocutor: accessibleB.teetotaler: abstemiousC.provincial: cosmopolitanD.soprano: pretentiousE.prig: amenable12.FROWN: DISPLEASURE : :（分数：1.00）A.scoff: glumnessB.sneer: contemptC.adulate: intimacyD.collaborate: esteemE.edi

39、fy: ridicule13.LOUTISH: GRACE : :（分数：1.00）A.banal: reparteeB.selfish: egoC.comely: hatredD.fiendish: impatienceE.retentive: memory14.TENDER: ACCEPTANCE : :（分数：1.00）A.examine: solicitudeB.legalize: disapprobationC.submit: approvalD.announce: scrutinyE.perish: idea15.COLLUSION: CONSPIRATORS:（分数：1.00）A

40、.edition: journalistsB.collaboration: partnersC.sportsmanship: umpiresD.ascription: translatorsE.summarization: critics16.GAFFE: DECORUM: :（分数：1.00）A.feint: combatB.trick: perceptionC.dogma: dissentD.gaucherie: urbanityE.hyperbole: presentation五、SECTION 4(总题数：11，分数：11.00)17.BANAL:（分数：1.00）A.elaborat

41、eB.dutifulC.tendentiousD.simplifiedE.arresting18.HACKNEYED:（分数：1.00）A.carefulB.acceptableC.handyD.handyE.original19.TRANQUILITY:（分数：1.00）A.assetB.gloominessC.clemencyD.diversityE.pandemonium20.ASPERSIONS:（分数：1.00）A.annoyanceB.plundersC.misgivingsD.sycophancyE.regrets21.SPIRITUAL：（分数：1.00）A.corruptB.

42、corporealC.metaphoricalD.assortedE.transient22.PRECARIOUS:（分数：1.00）A.firmly groundedB.intelligentC.nervousD.plannedE.current23.EXPEND:（分数：1.00）A.hoardB.advanceC.bestowD.removeE.examine24.DISTEND:（分数：1.00）A.contractB.decayC.bendD.focusE.deteriorate25.INDIGENOUS:（分数：1.00）A.considerateB.superfluousC.di

43、sinfectedD.undeservingE.acquired26.OBDURATE:（分数：1.00）A.estrangedB.nostalgicC.hesitantD.adaptableE.fanciful27.INFINITY:（分数：1.00）A.minute differenceB.deficient capacityC.limited areaD.indefinite voltageE.resistanceGRE26答案解析(总分：26.98，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART ONE （Time：30(总题数：7，分数：7.00)1.Rose was one of the c

44、hildren who observe and -|_|-much, and now and then- their friends by a wise or confounding remark.（分数：1.00）A.prattle . amuseB.meditate . nonplus C.praise . displeaseD.meddle . surpriseE.absorb . insult解析：2.Initially -|_|-expectation, Stella was dismayed to learn that her new duties would not be per

45、formed in the golden -|_|-of a queen or a princess, but the drab uniform of a cook.（分数：1.00）A.bereft of . garbB.deprived of . garmentC.full of . apparel D.deluged with . pretensionsE.freed from . accessories解析：3.The Court had made clear that the Federal Government is one of -|_|-and enumerated power

46、s, and thus none of them allow the government to -|_|-its citizens legal rights in their own jurisdictions.（分数：1.00）A.limited abrogate B.special containC.judicial questionD.essential challengeE.expansive rescind解析：4.The vireos comeback may prove that habitat along streams in Southern California is r

47、ecovering from the effects of pollution, -|_|-indicator of environmental health in a state that has lost most of its -|_|-woodlands.（分数：1.00）A.a leading . superfluousB.an apocryphal . ecologicalC.a partial . surfeitD.a telling . riparian E.an anecdotal . arboreal解析：5.What Spinoza says of laws is equ

48、ally true of party-platformsthat those are strong which appeal to reason, but -|_|-which compel the assent both of reason and the common affections of mankind.（分数：1.00）A.worthyB.impregnable C.relevantD.baseE.insupportable解析：6.After a while, his anger abated, he stopped hurling -|_|-and, as he often did after such an outburst, became quite -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.floridities . unassumingB.imprecations . remorseful C.explications . ruefulD.epigrams . meekE.hy