大学六级-48及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-48 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2. 形成这种趋势的原因3. 我对此的看法Overseas Study at an Early Age_（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 25 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Ans

2、wer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths envir

3、onmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Ye

4、t time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million peopl

5、e are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child ever

6、y eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countr

7、ies, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones offthe coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico. Chronic ProblemChemica

8、ls are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7-20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that

9、persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may “be conducting a large-scale experiment with childrens health“.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (邻苯二甲酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product ofspermicides(杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are bla

10、med for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30

11、000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies w

12、hich they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which

13、 they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investiga

14、ting their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modem society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize

15、there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits

16、of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-botmdary air pollution, but that cannot cover every probl

17、em that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the pol

18、luter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less

19、 away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We

20、now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, “theres no such place as away, and theres no such person as the other.“Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, canied out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and

21、a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma(哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue th

22、at researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would

23、be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. “We are now looking at suing the government

24、on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution,“ he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch(批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to rep

25、lace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. “I share the anger and frustration of

26、 this community. It is long overdue,“ he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a “Multi-Point Plan“ for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.（分

27、数：70.00）(1).According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution? A. 3 million B. 2.1 million C. 1.6 million D. 3.2 million（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, land can be polluted by _ from agriculture. A. heavy metals B. pesticides and nitrate-poor

28、fertilizers C. slurry from livestock D. rubbish（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage? A. Polar bears. B. Mammals. C. People. D. Birds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do local residents claim for? A. They are sick because of years of pollutio

29、n. B. They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps. C. They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture. D. They are sick because of air pollution.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The pesticide DDT can be effective against _ A. malaria B. wildlife C. animals D. human nervous system（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D

30、6).There is a U.N. convention that can cover _ A. problem between neighbors B. problem between states which do not share a border C. problems on air pollution D. trans-boundary air pollution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves? A. Throw less away. B. Des

31、ign recycled products. C. Dont use it again. D. Last longer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).It found that increases in air pollution tended to _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by

32、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you w

33、ill hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four cho

34、ices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.（分数：35.00）(1). A. $80. B. $60. C. $90. D. $15.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He loves his present work. B. He is going to open a store. C. He is about

35、to retire. D. He works in a repair shop.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Mary is going to Hawaii. B. Mary has been to many countries. C. Mary likes postcards. D. Mary is traveling on business.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. To save the money for a long time. B. To buy a new car. C. To purchase a used car. D. To ge

36、t a second car.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. Delivery service manager and driver. B. Teacher and student. C. Lawyer and client. D. Doctor and patient.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. New shopping centers are very common. B. The shopping center is very old. C. The city needs more shopping centers. D. Th

37、e old house should be turned into stores.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. They are having a party. B. They are playing the piano. C. Someone else is having a party. D. Someone else is funny.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She was hurt by the man. B. She lost her temper. C. She didnt speak to her husband. D. She mi

38、ssed the dinner party.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation One Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. Computer sales negotiations. B. A preliminary interview. C. AnInternet seminar meeting. D. Computer games.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He managed the sales depa

39、rtment. B. He gave seminars on the Internet. C. He worked as a custodian. D. He designed software.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. A web page authoring program. B. A kind of beverage. C. A computer game. D. A kind of software.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. She will call Mr. Taylor in the next few days. B. She wil

40、l talk over their discussion with others. C. She will ask her colleagues to call Mr. Taylor. D. She will not contact him for further consideration.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation Two Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Raising money. B. Gathering sup

41、port from others. C. Giving speeches. D. Choosing the official candidate for each political party.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Interviews. B. Television ads. C. Playing with children. D. Speeches.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. There are several small parties in the U.S. B. There are only two parties in the U.

42、S. C. The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Democrats. D. The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Republicans.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage

43、 and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you ha

44、ve just heard.（分数：21.00）(1). A. British. B. Americans. C. Germans. D. Japanese.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Entirely effective. B. Totally incorrect. C. A complete failure. D. Quite difficult.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Have a greater sense of duty. B. Can get higher pay. C. Can avoid working hard. D. Can

45、avoid busy traffic.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. A housewife. B. A singer. C. A teacher. D. A musician.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The violin was too heavy for her. B. She was too young to play the violin. C. The violin w

46、as too expensive. D. Her mother wanted her to play the piano.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. To play the violin on a concert. B. To go to New York City. C. To apply for a scholarship. D. To have her performance taped.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. In 1928. B. In 1982. C. In 1980. D. In 1920.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Pass

47、age Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Winter in Alaska. B. The brave Alaskan people. C. Alaskan transportation today. D. A dog sled race.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Every year in March. B. Every other year. C. From two to three weeks. D. The winter

48、 of 1925.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Winning. B. Finding gold. C. Just to finish. D. Being able to participate.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks number