大学六级-73及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-73 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 1. 车祸发生的时间及地点 2. 你所见到的车祸情况 3. 你对车祸原因的分析（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BArtificial Intelligence/BIm sure that Hans Moravec is at least as sane as I am, but he certainly brought to m

2、ind the classic mad scientist as we sat in his fifth-floor office at Carnegie-Mellon University on a dark and stormy night. It was nearly midnight, and he mixed for each of us a bowl of chocolate milk and Cheerios, with slices of banana piled on top.Then, with banana-slicing knife in hand, Moravec,

3、the senior research scientist at Carnegie Mellons Mobile Robot Laboratory, outlined for me how he could create a robotic immortality for Everyman, a deathless universe in which life would go on forever. By creating computer copies of our minds and transferring, or downloading, this program into robo

4、tic bodies, Moravec explained, humans could survive for centuries.“You are in an operating room. A robot brain surgeon is in attendance . Your skull but not your brain is anesthetized (麻醉). You are fully conscious. The surgeon opens your braincase and peers inside.“ This is how Moravec described the

5、 process in a paper he wrote called “Robots That Rove“. The robotic surgeons attention is directed at a small clump of about one hundred neurons somewhere near the surface. Using high-resolution 3-D nuclear-magnetic-resonance holography, phased-array radio encephalography, and ultrasonic radar, the

6、surgeon determines the three-dimensional structure and chemical makeup of that neural clump. It writes a program that models the behavior of the clump and starts it running on a small portion of the computer sitting next to you.That computer sitting next to you in the operating room would in effect

7、be your new brain. As each area of your brain was analyzed and simulated, the accuracy of the simulation would be tested as you pressed a button to shift between the area of the brain just copied and the simulation. When you couldnt tell the difference between the original and the copy, the surgeon

8、would transfer the simulation of your brain into the new, computerized one and repeat the process on the next area of your biological brain.“Though you have not lost consciousness or even your train of thought, your mind-some would say soul-has been removed from the brain and transferred to a machin

9、e,“ Moravec said, “In a final step your old body is disconnected. The computer is installed in a shiny new one, in the style, color, and material of your choice.“As we sat around Moravecs office I asked what would become of the original human body after the downloading. “You just dont bother waking

10、it up again if the copying went successfully.“ he said. “Its so messy. Humans have got so many problems that you might just want to leave it retired. You dont take your Junker car out if youve got a new one.“Moravecs idea is the ultimate in life insurance. Once one copy of the brains contents has be

11、en made, it will be easy to make multiple backup copies, and these could be stashed in hiding places around the world, allowing you to embark on any sort of adventure without having to worry about aging or death. As decades pass into centuries you could travel the globe and then the solar system and

12、 beyond-always keeping an eye out for the latest in robotic bodies into which you could transfer your computer mind.If living forever werent enough, you could live forever several times over by activating some of your backup copies and sending different versions of yourself out to see the world. “Yo

13、u could have parallel experiences and merge the memories later,“ Moravec explained.In the weeks and months that followed my stay at Carnegie-Mellon, I was intrigued by how many researchers seemed to believe downloading would come to pass. The only point of disagreement was when-certainly a big consi

14、deration to those of us still knocking around in mortal bodies. Although some of the researchers I spoke with at Carnegie-Mellon, MIT, and Stanford and in Japan thought that downloading was still generations away, there were others who believed achieving robotic immortality was imminent and seemed d

15、riven by private passions never to die.The significance of the door Moravec is trying to open is not lost on others. Olin Shivers, a Carnegie-Mellon graduate student who works closely with Moravec as well as with Allen Newell, one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence, told me, “Moravec

16、 wants to design a creature, and my professor Newell wants to design a creature. We are all, in a sense, trying to play God.“At MIT I was surprised to find Moravecs concept of downloading given consideration by Marvin Minsky, Donner Professor of Science and another father of artificial intelligence.

17、 Minsky is trying to learn how the billions of brain cells work together to allow a person to think and remember. If he succeeds, it will be a big step toward figuring out how to join perhaps billions of computer circuits together to allow a computer to receive the entire contents of the human mind.

18、“If a person is like a machine, once you get a wiring diagram of how he works, you can make copies,“ Minsky told me.Although Minsky doesnt think hell live long enough to download (hes fifty-seven now), he would consider it. “I think it would be a great thing to do.“ he said, “Ive spent a long time l

19、earning things, and Id hate to see it all go away.“Minsky also said he would have no qualms about waving good-bye to his human body and taking up residence within a robot. “Why not avoid getting sick and things like that?“ he asked. “Its hard to see anything against it. I think people will get fed u

20、p with bodies after a while. Then youll have another population problem: Youll have all the people of the past, as well as the new ones.“Another believer is Danny Hillis, one of Minskys Ph. D students and the founding Scientist of Thinking Machines, a Cambridge-based company that is trying to create

21、 the kind of computer that might someday receive the contents of a brain. During my research, several computer scientists would point to Hilliss connection machine as an example of a new order of computer architecture, one thats comparable to the human brain. (Hilliss connection machine doesnt have

22、one large central processing unit as other computers do but a network of 64,000 small units-roughly analogous in concept, if not in size, to the brains network of 40 billion neuronal processing units. )“Ive added up the things 1 want to do in my life, and its about fifteen hundred years worth of stu

23、ff,“ Hillis, now twenty-eight, told me one day as we stood out on the sixth-floor sundeck of the Thinking Machines building. “I enjoy having a body as much as anyone else does, but if its a choice between downloading into a computer-even one thats stuck in a room someplace- and still being able to t

24、hink versus just dying, I would certainly take that opportunity to think.“Gerald J. Sussman, a thirty-six-year-old MIT professor and a computer hacker of historic proportions, expressed similar sentiments. “Everyone would like to be immortal. I dont think the time is quite right, but its close. Im a

25、fraid, unfortunately, that Im in the last generation to die.“Do you really think that were that close?“ I asked.“Yes,“ he answered, which reminded me of something Moravec had written not too long ago: “We are on a threshold of a change in the universe comparable to the transition from nonlife to lif

26、e.“（分数：70.00）(1).In Moravecs mind, when a robotic immortality is created, life will go on forever.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).A robot brain surgeon anesthetized your brain when he opens your braincase and peers inside.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Moravecs idea of robotic immortality is approved by the author.（分数：7.0

27、0）填空项 1:_(4).When your mind was transferred from your brain to a machine, you would your train of thought.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).You could live forever several times over by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).By _ , both Moravec and Professor Newell try to play God.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).If we can join billions of com

28、puter circuits together like billions of brain cells which work together, then the computer can receive _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).We will have another population problem when people get _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ is the name of a Cambridge-based company that is trying to create the kind of computer which m

29、ight receive the contents of a brain.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Between the choice of being downloaded into a computer which is stuck in a room but still being able to think and the choice of dying, Hillis will choose the _ one.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based

30、 on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.Anna, the cook.B.Anna and Linda.C.Anna, Linda and the cook.D.Anna, Linda and the visitor.A.The man.B.The woman.C.Both the man and the woman.D.The woman did while the man didnt.A.On the 6th of December.B.On the 7th of December.C.On the 26th of De

31、cember.D.On the 27th of December.A.The man thinks tile woman is wasting her time.B.The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C.The man is eager to know the womans answer.D.The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.A.Language courses.B.Universities.C.British and American

32、English.D.Literature courses.A.A professor and a student.B.A hotel manager and a tourist.C.A salesman and a customer.D.A store owner and his manager.A.Only Mr. Woods wallet was lost.B.Hell pick up his wallet and identity card at the bank.C.Hell not go to the bank and the post office.D.Hell pick up h

33、is wallet and identity card.A.He wanted to ask the doctor some questions.B.He wanted to see the doctor.C.He wanted to pay the doctor.D.He wanted to see the nurse.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Its crowded with people.B.Its full of computers.C.Lunch i

34、s being served there.D.Only few people in there.A.Trying to telephone someone.B.Attending a concert.C.Waiting in line.D.Canceling reservations.A.Before breakfast.B.Late morning.C.Mid-afternoon.D.Late evening.A.Talking about if the woman waited in line.B.Exchanging the telephone numbers.C.Saying hell

35、o to each other.D.Talking about their children.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Making friends in a foreign country.B.Spanish and French.C.Foreign TV, radio and other media.D.Learning a foreign language.A.The language laboratory.B.Travel.C.Studying in

36、high school.D.Going to movies and watching TV.A.Learning knowledge of the language.B.Reading newspapers and magazines of foreign language.C.Communicating with the native people.D.Living in a country where the language is spoken.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based o

37、n the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Begging food from the tourists.B.Attacking the tourists.C.Dropping wastes on the tourists.D.Making loud noise to disturb the tourists.A.Broadcasting frightened sounds of the birds to scare them away.B.Making shooting sounds to scare the birds away.C.Hi

38、ring special workers to drive them away.D.Capturing them and then transporting them away.A.To other European countries.B.To the remote areas and suburbs.C.To the natural parks for birds.D.Back to their nests.A.France.B.Russia.C.Poland.D.Germany.BPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage

39、 you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Hawaii is cooler now.B.The vegetables have become accustomed to the weather in Hawaii.C.They are cheated to believe that they are growing in cool climate.D.They are transgenic vegetables.A.To transport water to higher place.B.To transport vegetables quickly.C.To br

40、ing nutrients to the soil.D.To adjust tile soil temperature.A.Uses of cold sea water.B.Irrigating desert areas.C.Techniques for preserving the environment.D.Techniques of cultivating plants.BPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.New Fashion in Tha

41、iland.B.How to Use Air-conditioner wisely.C.A New Way to Save Energy.D.Air-conditioner in Thailand.A.To wear jackets to work.B.Not to use air-conditioners.C.To wear shirt sleeves.D.To take all measures to conserve energy.A.Wearing jackets is not a custom of, Thailand.B.Wearing shirt sleeves has beco

42、me a fashion in Thailand.C.People usually wear jackets to work in Thailand.D.The government has encountered an energy crisis.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The oldest and simplest method, then, of describing differences in personality was toU (36) /Upeople according toU (37) /U. Such a system is call

43、ed a Typology.A famous example of this method wasU (38) /Uforth in Greece about the year 400B C. AU (39) /Unamed Hippocrates theorized that there were fourU (40) /U, or humors, in the body: blood, U(41) /Ubile (胆汁), black bile, and phlegm (粘液). U(42) /Uto each humor, thereU (43) /Ua definite type of

44、 personality.A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. U(44) /USomeone with too much yellow bile was irritable and easily angered. U(45) /U. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to he slow and unfeeling.Other features of people, such as their face

45、s and figures, have also been used to classify personality. U(46) . /U（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)The government is to give new “job splitting“ grants to employers willing to offer part-time work

46、to people claiming unemployment benefit.The new scheme, which took many union leaders and large employers by surprise last night, will be announced in detail in the autumn. It is intended to cost the taxpayer nothing because of savings in unemployment benefit. The proposal, unveiled last night by Mr

47、. Norman Tebbit, Secretary of State for Employment, will be in addition to the new Community Programme for the long-term unemployed.Mr. Tebbit said that under the scheme a vacancy could be offered to two unemployed people, one unemployed person and one existing full-time employee.The Employment Secretary suggested yesterday that workers reaching retirement might find the idea of sharing their job attractive, if pensions could be secured. But he also said that firms might find it attractive to of