大学六级-1367及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-1367 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Evaluation by Students1不少大学让学生参与任课老师教学情况的测评2对此改革措施校方、教师、学生的看法不一3学生测评教师的益处以及可能产生的问题（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Wonderful World of SmallTheres a quiet revolution going on, and its name is nanotechnology. A ho

2、st of innovations are coming our way. Some seem almost magical, like the new material created in 2004 by Ray Baughman, a professor at the University of Texas. Its stronger than steel, transparent, very, very light. A hectare-size sheet would weigh just 280 grams.When the professor announced that he

3、hadnt decided what to call it, he started to get emails from around the world suggesting names. Since it was so light and strong, people started calling it “mithril“ the name of a highly prized type of armor used in The Lord of Rings.There are other discoveries too perhaps not so astounding, but pra

4、ctical and pleasant. Now there are socks that dont get smelly, pants that resist stains, windows that repel dirt and toilets that clean themselves. All this results from exploring the world of the very, very small.Nano comes from the Greek word from dwarf. Usually nanotechnology is defined as the st

5、udy and manipulation of matter smaller than 100 nanometers (纳米) thats the scale of things like molecules and viruses. Ten hydrogen atoms pressed together against each other are just one nanometer long. And one million nanometers fit into a millimeter. Hard to grasp? Think of it this way: If everyone

6、 in Manila were a nanometer wide, the entire population, standing shoulder to shoulder, would fit on your thumbnail.Stunning Uses of NanotechnologyLike Alice in Wonderland, researchers in Nanoland find themselves in a world where old rules dont apply. Small things behave differently. This is behind

7、several innovations, including the self-cleaning toilet. The toilet bowl is sealed with a super-smooth glaze (涂层) that has microscopic holes under 30 nanometers. Because theyre smaller than bacteria or other tiny particles, theres not enough room for dirt to get stuck in the surface. Flushing is bas

8、ically all the work you have to do.Researchers in Nanoland are also making really, really small things with astonishing properties like the carbon nanotube. Chris Papadopoulos of the University of Victoria, says, “The carbon nanotube is the poster boy for nanotechnology.“In your pencil, carbon, in t

9、he form of graphite (石墨), is soft and easily broken. But a carbon nanotube is tough as nails much tougher in fact. Its very thin sheet graphite thats formed into a tube. These tiny straw-like cylinders, which can be as small as half a nanometer wide, are up to 100 times stronger than steel and six t

10、imes lighter. They are the hardest, stiffest, strongest materials known and are among the worlds best conductors of heat and electricity. They can carry some 1,000 times more electricity current than copper wire: Everybody wants them, but until now theyve been in short supply and pricey. The current

11、 annual production, worldwide, is only 300 kilograms. At 860 a gram, carbon nanotubes cost 50 times more than gold.When it comes to finding uses for carbon nanotubes, the range is huge. The National Research Council Canada (NRC) is looking at harnessing their strength by embedding them in constructi

12、on materials, among other applications. The Boeing Company thinks nanotubes may be the source of futute improvements for high-performance aircraft. Some of the most stunning uses come out of Ray Baughmans research. Employing what he calls the “ancient technology of spinning“, Baughrnan and his team

13、developed a way of spinning carbon nanotubes into fibers that are four times tougher than spider silk, the toughest natural filament (细丝). Since they also conduct electricity, the futuristic yarns could be woven into “smart“ clothing that stores electricity, is potentially bulletproof and incorporat

14、es sensors capable of adjusting the temperature of garment. The fibers could also be made into cables for suspension bridges much longer than any we have now.And then there are Baughmans superstrong, superlight sheets. Papadopoulos explains that one of the reasons scientists are oxcited by the sheet

15、s is that they would make ideal solar sails. He says, “With a solar sail, you are allowing the pressure of the suns light to propel you through space the same way wind powers a sailboat.“ But there is also something in this for the earthbound traveler. Using an ordinary microwave oven, Baughmans tea

16、m was able to weld one of his sheets between two pieces of plexiglass (树脂玻璃). Afterwards, it still conducted electricity and remained transparent. One idea, therefore, is to put these sheets in windshields of the car and run current through them to defrost car windows.Medicine and NanotechnologyMany

17、 disease-causing bacteria and viruses are nano size. So only nanotechnology would offer us ways of fighting back. Nucryst Pharmaceuticals has come up with a winning formula that combines nanoscience with old-fashioned folk wisdom. The ancient Greeks used silver to promote healing and prevent infecti

18、on, but the treatment took a back seat when antibiotics came on the scene. Nucryst has revived and improved on the old cure by coating a burn-and-wound bandage with nano-size silver particles that are more reactive than the bulk form of metal. They penetrate into the skin and work steadily. As a res

19、ult, burn victims can have their dressings changed as little as once a week. Before Nucryst, such dressings had to be changed several times a day, a painful procedure that involved removing a healing cream.In 2004, Nucryst produced over three million bandages, and its sales topped 30 million. 70% of

20、 chronic-wound patients who were not healing at the expected rate got better with the use of these bandages.Copy Nature with NanoteehnologyWith new instruments that reveal natural structures down to the last atom, nanotechnologists ability to copy nature has taken off. When Bharat Bhushan, a mechani

21、cal engineering professor at Ohio State University, wanted to make a super-smooth surface, he decided to copy lotus leaves. Scientists have long known that the leaves shed water very well: Theyre waxy and covered with tiny nano-size bumps, so water rolls off. Bhushan succeeded in making a polymer (聚

22、合体) sheet that was equally smooth. “If you applied it to glass, you could have windows that dont need washing.“ says Bhushan.Hicham Fenniri, a chemistry professor at the Univeristy of Alberta, took a similar tack to make artificial joints act more like natural ones. The body recognizes an artificial

23、 hip or knee as foreign and may reject it. In most cases, the implant can become loose and painful and has to be replaced. But Fenniri has made a nanotube coating for the artificial joint. Its a very good imitation of collagen (原质), a natural protein that is part of bone. As a result, the coating at

24、tracts bone cells. This is important because bone growth helps integrate an artificial joint into the body. Says Fenirri, “You need to attract the right cells to the right places, right away. Speed is essential when incorporating an artificial joint into the body.“(1,146 words)（分数：70.00）(1).In 2004,

25、 Professor Baughman invented a super-strong, super-light magic material and he named it “mithril“ after the precious armor in the popular film The Lord of Rings.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Nanotechnology has resulted in a wide range of amazing, practical discoveries such as stain-resistant trousers and self

26、cleaning toilets.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Nanotechnology is the study and manipulation of the very small matters such as atoms, molecules and viruses.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Self-cleaning toilet bowls, built on the latest nanotechnology, are widely available in North America.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).As one of th

27、e worlds best conductors of electricity, nanotubes can carry about _ than copper wire.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The garments made of electricity-storing carbon nanotube fibers are “smart“ in that they are bulletproof and can _ with sensors.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Baughmans superstrong, superligh, transparent

28、sheet can be inserted in the windshields to help _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).The burn-and-wound bandages coated with nano-size silver particles are a typical example of _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Prof. Bhushan, we could have stain-resistant window glass by using super-smooth polymer sheets, whic

29、h are produced by _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The artificial joint with _ , being a good imitation of natural bone protein, can attract bone cells and become quickly incorporated into the body.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on

30、the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She hasnt called the travel agency yet.B.The man may have to reschedule his trip.C.She doesnt know when her semester ends.D.The man should take his vacation somewhere else.A.Colins speech was more interesting than any other speakers.B.Colins speech wa

31、s dull because it was too lengthy and tedious.C.Colins speech wasnt very good but he will do better next time.D.Colins speech was good considering the difficulty of addressing so many audience.A.Decide for himself what is best.B.Communicate his career hopes.C.Stop hindering his own progress.D.Look f

32、or another career.A.He plans to sell the books to a collector.B.The old books are worth a lot to collectors.C.He wont sell the books until he has read them.D.The books probably arent worth much in terms of money.A.Brett wont try to get revenge.B.Brett wont be angry anymore.C.Brett will not always be

33、 so busy.D.Brett will have forgotten the womans words.A.The furniture is too heavy to move into the room.B.She thought the furniture would be more expensive.C.She doesnt remember how much the furniture cost.D.She is still thinking about the furniture bought as a bargain.A.Find a hotel nearby again i

34、n a few days.B.Accommodate his parents in his dormitory.C.Ask his parents not come until he finds a proper hotel.D.Phone a hotel farther from the campus for a reservation.A.They have to finish it quickly.B.They have to use what they have.C.They have to work hard and do their best.D.They must redo th

35、e project and hope it improves.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A new fuel for buses.B.The causes of air pollution.C.Careers in environmental engineering.D.A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.A.Her car is being repaired.B.Parking is difficult in

36、the city.C.The cost of fuel has increased.D.She wants to help reduce pollution.A.A fuel that burns cleanly.B.An oil additive that helps cool engines.C.A material from which filters are made.D.An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.A.The high temperatures required for its use.B.The lack of tr

37、ained environmental engineers.C.The opposition of automobile manufacturers.D.The high cost of materials used in its production.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She is writing a competitive paper for a scholarship.B.She is doing a paper.C.She missed the

38、 lecture.D.She is planning to attend the scholarship award ceremony.A.Why species dont avoid extinction by adapting.B.Why species become extinct at the rate they do.C.Why humans arent extinct.D.How many species arent extinct.A.Because every species becomes extinct.B.Because humans beings are powerfu

39、l enough to kill other species.C.Because of over-population.D.Because human being is still a young species though it is exptoiting the environment.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Because people might have to migrate th

40、ere someday.B.Because it is very much like the earth.C.Because it is easier to explore than other planets.D.Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.A.Its chemical elements must be studied.B.Its temperature must be lowered.C.Big spaceships must be built.D.Its atmosphere must be cha

41、nged.A.It influences the surface temperature of Mars.B.It protects living beings from harmful rays.C.It keeps a planet from overheating.D.It is the main component of the air people breathe.A.Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.B.Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.C.Man will

42、probably be able to live there in 100,000 years time.D.Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Nineteenth-century sea captains.B.The development of the steamship.C.The economic importance

43、of sailing ships.D.Employment in the fishing and whaling industries.A.They were protected by a strong United States Navy.B.They were supported by a well-developed railroad.C.Most crew members had experience on foreign ships.D.As part owners of the ships, captains got some of the profits.A.They carri

44、ed passengers, but not cargo.B.They were large, but surprisingly fast.C.They were the first successful steam-powered ships.D.They were more reliable than other ships of the 1860s.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The effect of ordinary aspects o

45、f life on anthropology.B.A good source of information about a society.C.Attitudes toward culture in the 1940s.D.The relationship between anthropology and military.A.Students might not consider them to be an important part of culture.B.They symbolize the rebellion of youth in the 1950s.C.They are dis

46、cussed in the students textbook.D.They have been worn for hundreds of years.A.To show how politics have changed over the years.B.To point out that T-shirts often provide personal information.C.To illustrate how the printing on clothing has improved.D.To support that T-shirts are a form of art.六、Sect

47、ion C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop their full adult (36) , their education must be (37) to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves (38) their en

48、vironment as well. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full (39) of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are (40) on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the (41) , and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public educati