大学六级-1609及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-1609 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1有人相信知识能改变命运2有人则认为当今社会光靠知识已经很难改变命运3我认为Can Knowledge Change Ones Destiny?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Comparing Yourself to Others: Its Not All Bad“To compare is to despair,“ the saying goes, and Ive generally fo

2、und it to be true. If I try hard enough (and sometimes even if I dont) I can usually find someone who performs better or has more. And I can feel bad about it.I objectively know that my own life is pretty good, but this upward comparison, as economists and psychologists call it, can somehow dim my o

3、wn accomplishments. “Comparison is rife with danger, but its understandable why we do it,“ said Heidi Grant Halvorson, a social psychologist. “Were human beings and we naturally seek information.“One way to get information, Ms. Halvorson said, is to turn to experts. Another way is to look at those a

4、round us.And often what we see in our neighborhood or community is more important, in our minds, than anything else. Economic studies have shown, for example, that once they make a certain amount of money to cover basics, most people care more about relative, rather than absolute, income. That is, m

5、ost of us feel better if we make, say, $100,000 if the majority of our neighbors make $75,000 than if we earn $150,000 when most of our friends bring in $200,000.One such study, “Neighbors as Negatives: Relative Earnings and Well-Being“, published in 2005 in The Quarterly Journal of Economics, found

6、 that “higher earnings of neighbors were associated with lower levels of self-reported happiness.“ The paper cites the oft-quoted saying by the economist and philosopher John Stuart Mill: “Men do not desire to be rich, but to be richer than other men.“Erzo F. P. Luttmer, the author of the study and

7、an associate professor of economics at Dartmouth College, said in a telephone interview that neighbors “influence what you think is a normal lifestyle, and you struggle to keep up.“Were often told to avoid comparing, but this is both difficult and not necessarily wise advice in all situations.Ms. Ha

8、lvorson, who is also author of the book Succeed: How We Can Reach Our Goals, said we needed to think about why we were seeking the information. “Upward comparison can be punishing and make you feel terrible,“ she said. “But you can also look upward to learn.“If we feel bad, for example, about how we

9、ll we just played in a game of tennis, we can check out those who play worse to make ourselves feel better, and avoid watching the semipros on the other court. Or, if we believe that we can improve and learn by looking at othersand not just feel inferior about playing worsethen we can watch the bett

10、er players.There are also pros and cons to comparing ourselves with people worse off than ourselves. Its not good if were just trying to gain a sense of superiority or avoiding challenging ourselves to do better. But such downward comparisons can remind us of our own fortune. They can also help us w

11、hen we think about the things we regret but we cannot change.As part of a study co-written by Isabelle Bauer, a clinical psychologist in Toronto, 104 people of various ages were asked to complete a survey about their greatest misgivingschoosing the wrong career path, or failing to make amends to som

12、eone who passed away or marrying the wrong person.The study found that those who felt that other people had regrets that were “more“ or “much more“ severe reported an increase in positive emotions when reassessed four months later compared with those who said that other peoples regrets were “less“ o

13、r “much less“ severe.“If you cant change what you did, then downward social comparison helps us gain perspective,“ Ms. Bauer said. “And those people are able to move on and re-engage in other goals. If you compare upward about things you cant change, then you seem to just feel stuck.“ But those who

14、compared themselves downward and had the opportunity to do something about their regrets didnt feel any more positive over time, she said.Comparisons can also serve as a reality check, particularly when speaking about money.My colleague Ron Lieber, for example, wrote about NetworthIQ, a site that al

15、lows people to anonymously post their own net worth. Would we be happier and healthier, he asked readers, if we knew the net worth of our friends, colleagues and neighbors?The overwhelming response was no. As one commenter put it: “I am sickened by the idea of calculating ones net worth in terms of

16、money. Its good to have savings and its good to have a nest in which one can nestle when one exceeds productive years. However, to express your worth in terms of the how much? question is one more step toward dehumanization. Id rather figure out my net worth in terms of how much I am worth to the wo

17、rld in which I live.“Not everyone feels that way, of course, and plenty of people have posted their profiles on NetworthlQ.com.ING Retirement, a United States-based division of the Dutch financial services group, a few years ago introduced INGCompareME.com, which allows you to anonymously type in yo

18、ur profileyour age, income, gender and marital status.Then you answer some personal finance questions, like the amount of money youve put aside for retirement, your mortgage payments, what you think youll need to save to retire comfortably and so on. You are then instantly compared with your peers.I

19、 answered some of the questions and seemed pretty average. I guess I was pleased our retirement savings were slightly higher than those of the other 1,071 people who answered the question with a similar profile, but I also wasnt sure if I should be. Might it just mean that all of us are saving too l

20、ittle? Was I getting a false sense of security?Not at all, said Denis-Martin Monty, vice president of emerging product development at 1NG Retirement. Rather, it is a useful tool to get us to think about things we often dont want tolike how much (or little) weve put away for retirement.The site was i

21、nitially tested among 28,000 employees of INGs larger clients. When asked at the end of the survey, 64 percent of those who measured themselves chose to take some sort of positive action, like enroll in a retirement plan or increase their savings rate.Mr. Monty also pointed out that studies show tha

22、t most of us think were above average, what he called the Lake Wobegon effect.“We tend to overestimate where we stand in comparison to other people,“ he said. So people arent necessarily looking at how much more theyre actually saving than other people, he said, but how much more they thought they w

23、ere saving.The site recently hit the million-user mark, Mr. Monty said.David Laibson, a professor of economics at Harvard University, who has looked at the impact of providing peer information on retirement savings decisions (it can be helpful, but not always) agreed that such comparisons can serve

24、a purpose.“Comparisons to large groups of peers are often useful,“ he said. “Its never the final word on what I should do, but it does give me food for thought.“I doubt most of us are ever going to stop comparing ourselves with others. The most important point to keep in mind, however, is as Ms. Hal

25、vorson said: “Theres a lot of imperfect comparison going on. We never see the whole picture./（分数：49.00）(1).What is Heidi Grant Halvorsons view of comparison?A. It highlights peoples achievements in some way.B. It can be accepted as a way of getting information.C. It should be blamed for causing hope

26、lessness.D. It makes people feel satisfied with their own life.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to economic studies, what do most people do when they are able to meet their basic need?A. They are more interested in relative income.B. They devote themselves to community causes.C. They desire to become

27、richer and richer.D. They associate their happiness with their income.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author said the advice that people should avoid comparing is _.A. sensible B. constructive C. unwise D. easy to follow（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the advantage of upward comparison according to Ms. Halvor

28、son?A. It can lighten peoples mood. B. It motivates people to improve.C. It gains people a sense of superiority. D. It helps people get rid of bad habits.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What did the study co-written by Isabella Bauer reveal?A. People tend to compare themselves with those worse off.B. Most peop

29、le make wrong decisions in their whole life.C. Downward comparison makes people feel more positive.D. Upward comparing is more helpful than downward comparing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).If there is nothing people can do about their regrets, Ms. Bauer suggested that peopleA. reflect on their failures alone

30、 B. look upward to learn and improveC. look at the past to gain a perspective D. make downward social comparison（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to Ron Liebers article, many people thought that knowing the net worth of others _.A. helped check their spending B. had influenced their lifestyleC. was the

31、 source of their misery D. would not make them happier（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Finding her retirement savings were a little more than her peers, the author doubted if she was getting a wrong _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.Denis-Martin Monty said that people tend to _ their position when comparing themselves to other

32、 people.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.According to David Laibson, comparing with large groups of peers helps because it gives people _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. He doesnt have any good ideas. B. He has many interesting dreams.C. He doesnt put his ideas

33、 into practice. D. He sleeps a lot without doing anything.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He has just quitted his former job. B. He has graduated last June.C. He is applying for a job. D. He has some work experience.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His boss doesnt agree. B. He has to pay the tuition fee first.C. He

34、has chosen some part-time courses. D. He cant afford to study without salary.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He is a full-time student.B. He is a part-time worker.C. He is going to take refresher courses.D. He has known all the details about the course.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He knows nothing about the othe

35、r assignment.B. He doesnt think its necessary to ask for a long time.C. He asks the woman to hand in her assignment on time.D. He will give the woman an extension for her assignment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He was arrogant about it. B. He found it unbelievable.C. He was not surprised about it. D. He

36、found the truth unacceptable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To ask the man to read the book together.B. To request the man to write a term paper for her.C. To complain about the number of reading materials.D. To ask for some advice on how to select the reading materials.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He had bette

37、r assess his own ability.B. He should try to solve some easier problems now.C. He must study hard to solve the difficult problems.D. He should find some more complicated problems to solve.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. She has f

38、inished her work. B. She is too exhausted to work.C. Her kids will arrive home after school. D. The man does not ask her to go back to the office.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It is weird. B. It is convenient.C. It is comfortable. D. It is exhausting.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman does not like it. B.

39、It is produced by weird people.C. One can see a lot of strange things in it.D. The man is determined to watch it tonight.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. His boss might ask him to stay up late.B. The woman will record tonights program.C. He may have to prepare for tomorrows business trip.D. He will be having

40、 a meeting with his boss at that time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He has a lot of free time. B. She knows he likes acting.C. Many of his friends are actors. D. Hes looking for an acting job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He hasnt be

41、en in a play for a long time.B. He has to rearrange his evening schedule.C. He might not like the way the group works.D. His schoolwork has taken up most of his time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Enjoy their rehearsal. B. Learn his part quickly.C. See her on Wednesday. D. Pick her up on Thursday.（分数：7.00）

42、A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. A study on whether social connections can keep us healthier.B. A study on whether social connections make us happier.C. A study on factors that influence psychologic health.

43、D. A study on the relationship between psychology and longevity.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. 200,000. B. 300,000. C. 500,000. D. 700,000.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Teenagers should go to see psychologist frequently.B. People should make as many friends as possible.C. Policy makers should consider relationsh

44、ips as a health issue.D. People should place relationships at first place.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Your reputation will be damaged. B. You have to change your name.C. Youll get into trouble. D. You cant be a doctor a

45、ny more.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He had helped Booth murder Lincoln. B. He had made a diagnostic error.C. He had concealed the facts. D. He had given Booth help in some way.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He would have suffered a lot from the name.B. He would have been thought of as a criminal forever.C. He

46、would have been sentenced to four years prison life.D. He would have spent the rest of his life in prison.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Japanese car sales are down.B. Economy in Japan is from bad to worse.C. The main co

47、nsumers of cars in Japan are middle-aged people.D. Japan is heavily dependent on the foreign market.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A tool. B. A sign of wealth.C. A symbol of status. D. An article of consumption.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Cars are still too expensive.B. Traffic is heavy on the road.C. Gas pric

48、es and parking lot fees are costly.D. Traffic accidents are more and more serious.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. They have reduced the prices of their cars.B. They have laid off plenty of short-term contract workers.C. They have laid off many full-time salaried employees.D. They have narrowed down their fo

49、reign market.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Although they may not die from lack of love, adults also need a great amount of affection and (36) . In the past, many people spent their (37) lives in the communities in which they were born and (38) . Many more people continued to live with their parents, brothers and sisters after they were married and had ch