大学六级-1631及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-1631 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前有些电视台禁止在节目中使用外来缩略语1对这种做法有人表示支持2有人并不赞成3我认为Should Foreign Abbreviations Be Banned on TV?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Factors for Stress and AnxietyAt some point in their lives virtually everyone will experience

2、stressful events or situations that overwhelm their natural coping mechanisms. In one poll, 89% of respondents indicated that they had experienced serious stress in their lives. Some people are simply biologically prone to stress. Factors leading to stress and anxiety mainly are as follows:Risk Fact

3、orsConditions that are most likely to be associated with stress and negative physical effects include the following:* An accumulation of persistent stressful situations, particularly those that a person cannot easily control (for example, high-pressured work plus an unhappy relationship).* Persisten

4、t stress following a severe acute response to a stabbing event (such as an automobile accident).* Acute stress accompanying serious illness, such as heart disease.People respond to stress differently, depending on different factors:* Early nurturing: Abusive behavior towards children may cause long-

5、term abnormalities (反常) in the hypothalamus-pituitary system, which regulates stress.* Personality traits: Certain people have personality traits that cause them to over-respond to stressful events.* Genetic factors: Some people have genetic factors that affect stress, such as having a more or less

6、efficient relaxation response. One study found a genetic abnormality in serotonin (血清素) regulation that was connected with a heightened reaction of heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress. (Serotonin is a brain chemical involved with feelings of well-being.)* Immune-regulated diseases:

7、Certain diseases that are associated with immune abnormalities such as rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿关节炎) may actually weaken a response to stress.* The length and quality of stressors: Naturally, the longer the duration and the more intense the stressors, the more harmful the effects.Childhood FactorsCh

8、ildren are frequent victims of stress because they are often unable to communicate their feelings accurately. They also have trouble communicating their responses to events over which they have no control. Certain physical symptoms, notably repeated abdominal pain without a known cause, may be indic

9、ators of stress in children. Various conditions can affect their susceptibility tostress.Parental stress, especially in mothers, is a particularly powerful source of stress in children, even more important than poverty or overcrowding. Young children of mothers who are highly stressed (particularly

10、if they were depressed) tend to be at high risk for developing stress-related problems. This may be especially true if the mothers were stressed during both the childs infancy and early years. Some evidence even supports the old idea that stress during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the infan

11、ts mood and behavior. Older children with stressed mothers may become aggressive and anti-social, Another study suggested that stress-reduction techniques in parents may improve their childrens behavior.Adolescent boys and girls experience equal amounts of stress, but the source and effects may diff

12、er. Girls tend to become stressed from interpersonal situations, and stress is more likely to lead to depression in girls than in boys. For boys, however, specific events, such as changing schools or getting poor grades, appear to be the major sources of stress.Work and StressIn a study of 46,000 wo

13、rkers, health care costs were 147% higher in workers who were stressed or depressed than in others who were not. Furthermore, according to one survey, 40% of American workers describe their jobs as very stressful, making job-related stress an important and preventable health hazard.Several studies a

14、re now suggesting that job-related stress is as great a threat to health as smoking or not exercising. Stress impairs concentration, causes sleeplessness, and increases the risk for illness, back problems, accidents, and lost time from work. Work stress can lead to harassment or even violence while

15、on the job. At its most extreme, chronic stress places a burden on the heart and circulation that in some cases may be fatal. The Japanese even have a word for sudden death due to overwork, karoushi.Many institutions within the current culture, while paying lip service to stress reduction, put inten

16、se pressure on individuals to behave in ways that increase tension. Yet, there are numerous effective management tools and techniques available to reduce stress. Furthermore, treatment for work-related stress has proven benefits for both the employee and employer. In one study, at the end of 2 years

17、, a company that instituted a stress management program saved nearly $150,000 in workers compensations costs (the cost of the program was only $6,000). Other studies have reported specific health benefits resulting from workplace stress-management programs. In one of the studies, workers with hypert

18、ension experienced reduced blood pressure after even a brief (16-hour) program that helped them manage stress behaviorally.In general, however, few workplaces offer stress management programs, and it is usually up to the employees to find their own ways to reduce stress. Here are some suggestions:*

19、Seek out someone in the Human Resources department or a sympathetic manager and communicate concerns about job stress. Work with them in a non-confrontational way to improve working conditions, letting them know that productivity can be improved if some of the pressure is off.* Establish or reinforc

20、e a network of friends at work and at home.* Restructure priorities and eliminate unnecessary tasks.* Learn to focus on positive outcomes.* If the job is unendurable, plan and execute a career change. Send out resumes or work on getting a transfer within the company.* If this isnt possible, be sure

21、to schedule daily pleasant activities and physical exercise during free time.It may be helpful to keep in mind that bosses are also victimized by the same stressful conditions they are imposing. For example, in one study of male managers in three Swedish companies, those who worked in a bureaucracy

22、had greater stress-related heart risks than those who worked in companies with social supports. CaregivingStudies show that caregivers of physically or mentally disabled family members are at risk for chronic stress. One study reported that overall mortality rates were over 60% higher in caregivers

23、who were under constant stress. Spouses caring for a disabled partner are particularly vulnerable to a range of stress-related health threats, including influenza, depression, heart disease, and even poorer survival rates. Caring for a spouse with even minor disabilities can induce severe stress.Int

24、ervention programs that are aimed at helping the caregiver approach the situation positively can reduce stress, and help the caregiver maintain a positive attitude. A 2002 program also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise was very helpful in reducing stress and improving sleep in caregivers

25、.Caregiving among the health professionals is also a high risk factor for stress. One study, for example, found that registered nurses with low job control, high job demands, and low work-related social support experienced very dramatic health declines, both physically and emotionally. Anxiety Disor

26、dersPeople who are less emotionally stable or have high anxiety levels tend to experience specific events as more stressful than others. Some doctors describe an exaggerated negative response to stress as treating the event as a catastrophe. Nevertheless, a 2003 study of patients with anxiety disord

27、er did not find any differences in actual physical response to stress (heart rate, blood pressure, release of stress hormones) compared to people without anxiety.Lacking a Social NetworkThe lack of an established network of family and friends predisposes (使预先有倾向) one to stress disorders and stress-r

28、elated health problems, including heart disease and infections. A study, meanwhile, reported that older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children are buffered against the adverse health effects of chronic stress-inducing situations, such as low-income or lower-social class.

29、Another study suggested this may be because people who live alone are unable to discuss negative feelings as a means to relieve their stress.Studies of people who remain happy and healthy despite many life stresses conclude that most have very good networks of social support. One study indicated tha

30、t support even from strangers reduced blood pressure surges in people undergoing a stressful event. Many studies suggest that having a pet helps reduce medical problems aggravated by stress, including heart disease and high blood pressure.（分数：49.00）(1).Stress is most likely to rise from conditions i

31、n which _.A. two persons with different characteristics work togetherB. a person always recalls past painful experienceC. a person has just gotten over a serious physical diseaseD. parents abuse their children too much in early nurturing（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Immune-regulated diseases are related to s

32、tress because such diseases _.A. tend to produce a stress-related chemicalB. will affect a persons character severelyC. will make people weak in body and soulD. tend to undermine the response to stress（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can consider our children under stress when they _.A. are unable to communi

33、cate their feelings accuratelyB. have trouble communicating their responses to eventsC. often feel abdominal pain without a known reasonD. have a poor and overcrowded family（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Stress is likely to strike teenaged girls when they_.A. have an aggressive and anti-social motherB. fail t

34、o build a sound relationship with palsC. get into a new school environment D. fail to pass an important school test（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one is the most serious effect of chronic work stress according to the passage?A. Harassment. B. Violence. C. Heart burden. D. Karoushi.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).T

35、he 2-year-long study is presented in the passage mainly to show that stress management programs _.A. cost little B. cost muchC. benefit the employers D. benefit the employees（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What does the author suggest doing when we cant endure a job?A. Changing to a new institute. B. Asking se

36、nior colleagues for help.C. Founding a sound social network.D. Focusing more on positive outcomes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Caregivers of disabled family members are reported to undergo a mortality rate of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.According to the program in 2002, caregivers were expected to reduce stress by _.（

37、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.Older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children have less stress because they have someone to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The man doesnt want to go to the movies.B. The woman is too tired to go to t

38、he movies.C. The man wants to go to the movies.D. The woman wants to go out for dinner.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife.C. Teacher and student. D. Mother and son.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in the queue.C. Coming back in five minutes. D. No

39、t going to see the movie today.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Both shirts. B. The green shirt.C. The red shirt. D. Neither of the shirts.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She wants to go to the laboratory.B. She will go to the concert.C. She is going to study in the library.D. She wants to hear a lecture on American

40、 history.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The man should go to the game with her tonight.B. The game will not be on television.C. The results of the game were announced in the newspaper.D. The man can find the information about the game in the newspaper.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To be a writer. B. To be a driv

41、er.C. To go into the family business. D. To become an artist.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The committee has just begun to write the report.B. The committee report will be short.C. The committee members have just become acquainted.D. The report is finished except for the introduction.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Ques

42、tions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. A tale related to bamboo. B. Different kinds of bamboo.C. Bamboo artifacts in Japanese culture. D. The use of bamboo in Asian countries.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The Shinto gods lived inside the bamboo.B. Bamboo was the

43、food of the Shinto gods.C. The Shinto gods used bamboo to build houses.D. The early inhabitants worship bamboo as the Shinto gods.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It has many joints. B. It can be easily planted.C. It has a delicate fragrance. D. It is a strong plant but can be easily bent.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4

44、).A. It is used to add sugar. B. It is used for mixing tea.C. It is used for measuring tea. D. It is used as a tea container.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Rooms were overbooked for that evening.B. The hotel clerk confused him w

45、ith another guest.C. There were no more rooms available for five people.D. The price for the room was higher than he expected.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A single room. B. A double room.C. A honeymoon suite. D. A room for five people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She charged no money for the room.B. She provi

46、ded the man with three free meals.C. She gave him a bunch of flowers for apology.D. She provided him with a ten-percent discount as well as a free breakfast.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. He woul

47、d be aggressive in his first class.B. He was well-prepared for his first class.C. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.D. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Write down their names on the paper cards.B. Cut some cards out of the construction paper.

48、C. Cut maple leaves out of the construction paper.D. Write down their suggestions on the paper cards.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They began to talk. B. They stayed silent.C. They raised their hands. D. They shouted to be heard.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He thought it was an easy topic. B. He wanted to calm

49、 down the students.C. He had prepared the topic before class. D. He got disappointed with his first class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Help the disabled to recover. B. Control a persons thoughts.C. Help to update computer systems. D. Link the human brain with computers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. By using his mind. B. By m