大学六级-252及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-252 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.BHow to Treat Our Aging Population/B 1中国已渐渐步入老龄化社会(65 岁以上的老年人已占全国人口的 7%) 2我认为应如何对待老年人群(社会关爱与福利制度，家庭温暖，社区服务) 3我的结论（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BThe Geodesic Dome (圆顶层) the House of the Future?/BR. Buckminster Fuller

2、spent much of the early 20 th century looking for ways to improve human shelter by applying modern technological know-how to shelter construction, making shelter more comfortable and efficient, and more economically available to a greater number of people.After acquiring some experience in the build

3、ing industry and discovering the traditional practices and perceptions which severely limit changes and improvements in construction practices, Fuller carefully examined and improved interior structure equipment, including the toilet, the shower, and the bathroom as a whole. He studied structure she

4、lls, and devised a number of alternatives, each less expensive, lighter, and stronger than traditional wood, brick, and stone buildings.In 1944, the United States suffered a serious housing shortage. Government officials knew that Fuller had developed a prototype of family dwelling which could be pr

5、oduced rapidly, using the same equipment which had previously built war-time airplanes. They could be “installed“ anywhere, the way a telephone is installed, and with little additional difficulty. When one official flew to Wichita, Kansas to see this house, which Beech Aircraft and Fuller built, the

6、 man reportedly gasped, “My God! This is the house of the future!“Soon, unsolicited checks poured in from people who wanted to purchase this new kind of house, but Fuller was never able to get it into full production. This was due to many obstacles such as only union contractors were able to hook th

7、e houses up to water, power and sewers in many cities. However, because the houses were already wired and had the plumbing installed by the aircraft company, many construction trade unions made it clear that they would not work on the houses. There were also in-house differences between Fuller and t

8、he stockholders. Fuller did not feel the house design was complete; there were problems he wanted to fix. But the stockholders wanted to move ahead. However, the main obstruction was obtaining the financing for the tooling costs, which were purposefully not included in the negotiations with investor

9、s. No bank would finance the project with union problems and stockholder battles.After the war, Fullers efforts focused on the problem of how to build a shelter which is so lightweight that it can be delivered by air. Shelter should be mobile which would require great breakthroughs in the weight-red

10、uction of the materials. Technology would have to follow natures design as seen by the spiders web which can float in a hurricane because of its high strength-to-weight ratio. New shelter would have to be designed that assimilates these principles and that was Fullers intent.One of the ways Buckmins

11、ter Fuller would describe the differences in strength between a rectangle and a triangle would be apply pressure to both structures. The rectangle would fold up and be unstable but the triangle withstands the pressure and is much more rigid in fact the triangle is twice as strong. This principle dir

12、ected his studies toward creating a new architectural design, the geodesic dome, based also upon his idea of “doing more with less“. Fuller discovered that if a spherical structure was created from triangles, it would have incomparable strength.The sphere uses the “doing more with less“ principle in

13、 that it encloses the largest volume of interior space with the least amount of surface area thus saving on materials and cost. Fuller reintroduced the idea that when the spheres diameter is doubled it will quadruple its square footage and produce eight times the volume.The spherical (球形的) structure

14、 of a dome is one of the most efficient interior atmospheres for human dwellings because air and energy are allowed to circulate without obstruction. This enables heating and cooling to occur naturally. Geodesic shelters have been built all around the world in different climates and temperatures and

15、 still they have proven to be the most efficient human shelter one can find.More specifically, the dome is energy efficient for many reasons: Its decreased surface area requires less building materials; exposure to cold in the winter and heat in the summer is decreased because, being spherical, ther

16、e is the least surface area per unity of volume per structure; the curved-in interior creates a natural airflow that allows the hot or cool air to flow evenly throughout the dome with the help of return air ducts; extreme wind turbulence is lessened because the winds that contribute to heat loss flo

17、w smoothly around the dome; it acts like a type of giant down-pointing headlight reflector and reflects and concentrates interior heat. This helps prevent radiant heat loss.The net annual energy savings for a dome owner is 30% more than normal rectilinear (直线的) homes according to the Oregon Dome Co.

18、 This is quite an improvement and helps save the environment from wasted energy. Domes have been designed by Fuller and others to withstand high winds and extreme temperatures as seen in the Polar Regions.Many dome manufacturers offer various designs in geodesic dome housing with little assembly tim

19、e required. Some houses can be assembled in less than a day with others taking up to six months. Many also come in dome kits that buyers can build themselves or with the help of friends.R. Buckminster Fullers first worldwide acceptance by the architectural community occurred with the 1954 Triennale

20、where his cardboard dome was displayed for the first time. The Milan Triennale was established to stage international exhibitions aimed to present the most innovative accomplishments in the fields of design, crafts, architecture and city planning.The theme for 1954 was Life between Artifact and Natu

21、re: Design and the Environmental Challenge, which fit in perfectly with Fullers work. Fuller had begun efforts towards the development of a Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science, which he defined as, “the effective application of the principles of science to the conscious design of our total env

22、ironment in order to help make the Earths limited resources meet the needs of all humanity without disrupting the ecological processes of the planet.“ The cardboard shelter that was part of his exhibit could be easily shipped and assembled with the directions printed right on the cardboard. The 42-f

23、oot paper board Geodesic was installed in old Sforza garden in Milan and came away with the highest award, the Grand Premio.(1,036 words)（分数：70.00）(1).A geodesic dome is basically a spherical structure created from rectangles.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Every year, a dome owner may spend 30% less in energy

24、expenditure than a normal rectilinear home one.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Domes are the environment-friendly building.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Some scientists set up domes in the Polar Regions.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In 1944, government officials were interested in Fullers family dwelling because it could be _ .（分数

25、7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Fullers family dwelling was not fully produced mainly because there were _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).According to the description of Buckminster Fuller, the main advantage of a triangle in strength was _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Besides the feature of “doing more with less“, the spherical st

26、ructure of dome can also allow natural _ without obstruction.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).It has been proved that the geodesic dome is _ human shelter.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Fuller won _ in 1954 for his achievement in the 42-foot cardboard shelter.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 t

27、o 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The man can come another time.B.There would be more fun without the mans roommate.C.It is no problem if the mans roommate refuses to come.D.The man can bring the roommate along and enjoy the party.A.Linda made her own guitar.B.Linda

28、taught herself to play the piano.C.Linda taught herself to play the guitar.D.Linda doesnt have much talent for music.A.She couldnt talk to the consultant before two.B.She would talk to the consultant during lunch.C.She couldnt contact the consultants secretary.D.She talked with the consultant about

29、the new program until two.A.It looks exactly like Susan.B.It makes Susan look older than she really is.C.It makes Susan look younger than she really is.D.It makes Susan look better than she looks in person.A.She cant afford the time for the trip.B.She will manage to leave this month.C.She has to cha

30、nge the time for the trip.D.She hasnt decided where to go next month.A.He shouldnt have apologized.B.He will find a better way of apologizing.C.He couldnt find a right word to make an apology.D.His friend is asking for more than just an apology.A.The woman likes arguing.B.The woman should get a job.

31、C.The woman should work in a factory.D.The woman spends too much money.A.The first house they saw is too expensive.B.She is happy with the price set by the seller.C.They may save some money for the time being.D.Less money will be spent in maintaining the house.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the co

32、nversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.The root of Jims health problems.B.The womans problems with her workaholic professor.C.Jims relationship with his professor.D.Problems that Jim and the woman have with their workloads.A.Whether to accept the Deans job offer or not.B.Whether to move or not

33、C.Whether to have a rest or not.D.Whether to ask for an extension or not.A.See more of her.B.Spend more time in school.C.Earn more money.D.Get better grade.A.She would like to mark papers, too.B.She wants to ask for a lighter load.C.She wants the man to talk to the workaholic professor.D.She wants

34、to quit school and work.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Where they should move.B.How to negotiate with the landlord.C.How to fight the increase.D.Whether to accept an increase in rent or move.A.Stay and negotiate or move.B.Move closer to the Univer

35、sity or near the subway.C.Fight for a small increases or accepts an increase offer.D.There is no choice.A.It is close to the school.B.It is cheap.C.It has convenient facilities.D.The tenant agreement is good.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you ha

36、ve just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site.B.Marking the houses in an area similar to one another.C.Deciding where a house will be built.D.Surrounding a building with wild flowers and plants.A.They are changed to make the site more interesting.B.They are e

37、xpanded to limit the amount of construction.C.They are integrated into the design of the building.D.They are removed for construction.A.Because many architects studied with Wright.B.Because Wright started the practice of “land-scraping“.C.Because Wright used elements of envelope building.D.Because m

38、ost of the houses Wright built were made of stone,BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Because they want to earn high salary.B.Because schools do not teach students how to choose jobs.C.Because there has been severe competition in the job market.D

39、Because they have no working experience.A.The job must not ruin your talents.B.The job must be able to shape your personality.C.The job must set a pattern of life.D.The job must suit your interest.A.Earning a LivingB.Correct Attitude on Job-huntingC.How to Choose a Job?D.What Can a Good Job Offer?B

40、Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.How the President proposes new laws.B.How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.C.How the President can reject a proposed law.D.How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.A.Why the President oppo

41、ses a bill.B.How lawmakers want to revise a bill.C.Why a deadline has not been met.D.When lawmakers plan to end their session.A.They send the message to the President within ten days.B.They officially state reasons for rejecting the message.C.They meet with the President.D.They revise the vetoed bil

42、l.A.The bill becomes law immediately.B.The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again.C.Lawmakers must review the bill within ten days.D.The President must sign the bill if its passed again.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)We can experience stress any time we feel we dont haveU (36) /U.

43、 It can come from a feeling that we cant do anything about. Basically, it is the bodys way of showing worry orU (37) /U.Stress is not just caused by our mental orU (38) /Ucondition, it is alsoU (39) /Uby how tired we are, whether we have aU (40) /Udiet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we g

44、et enough physical exercise, and whether we canU (41) /U.If we feel stressed, there are several things that we can do. First, we need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly andU (42) /U.We can also take some time out of our worried, busyU (43) /Uto notice the small things in life. Smell the air, l

45、ook at the flowers, notice the small designs in the leaves on a tree -U (44) /UWe need to take care of our bodies.U (45) /U.Finally, we need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. Once we have found it, we need to begin to change that part of our lives.U (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项

46、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)The importance of and focus on the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as s

47、everal chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how-to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context and implications. Much of the “how-to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which