大学六级-292及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-292 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.老一辈常说,能力比相貌重要 2. 如今很多人却认为相貌比能力重要 3. 你的看法（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BClimate Change/BScientists predict increasing droughts, floods and extreme weather and say there is growing evidence that human activities are

2、to blame.BWhat Is Climate Change?/BThe planets climate is constantly changing. The global average temperature is currently in the region of 15. Geological and other evidence suggests that, in the past, this average may have been as high as 27 and as low as 7.But scientists are concerned that the nat

3、ural fluctuation (波动) has been overtaken by a rapid human-induced warming that has serious implications for the stability of the climate on which much life on the planet depends.BWhat Is the “Greenhouse Effect“?/BThe greenhouse effect refers to the role played by gases which effectively trap energy

4、from the Sun in the Earths atmosphere. Without them, the planet would be too cold to sustain life as we know it.The most important of these gases in the natural greenhouse effect is water vapor, but concentrations of that are changing little and it plays almost no role in modern human-induced greenh

5、ouse warming.Other greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷) and nitrous (含氮的) oxide, which arc released by modern industry, agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels. Their concentration in the atmosphere is increasing-the concentration of carbon dioxide has risen by more than 30% sin

6、ce 1800.The majority of climate scientists accept the theory that an increase in these gases will cause a rise in the Earths temperature.BWhat Is the Evidence of Warming?/BTemperature records go back to the late 19th century and show that the global average temperature increased by about 0.6 in the

7、20th century.Sea levels have risen 1020 cm-thought to be caused mainly by the expansion of warming oceans.Most glaciers in temperate regions of the world and along the Antarctic Peninsula are in retreat, and records show Arctic sea-ice has thinned by 40% in recent decades in summer and autumn.There

8、are anomalies (异常) however-parts of the Antarctic appear to be getting colder, and there are discrepancies between trends in surface temperatures and those in the troposphere(对流层) (the lower portion of the atmosphere).BHow Much Will Temperatures Rise?/BIf nothing is done to reduce emissions, current

9、 climate models predict a global temperature increase of 1.45.8 by 2100.Even if we cut greenhouse gas emissions dramatically now, scientists say the effects would continue because parts of the climate system, particularly large bodies of water and ice, can take hundreds of years to respond to change

10、s in temperature. It also takes greenhouse gases in the atmosphere decades to break down.It is possible that we have already irrevocably(不可撤回地) committed the Greenland ice sheet to melting, which would cause an estimated 7m rise in sea level. There are also indications that the west Antarctic ice sh

11、eet may have begun to melt, though scientists caution further research is necessary.BHow Will the Weather Change?/BGlobally, we can expect more extreme weather events, with heat waves becoming hotter and more frequent. Scientists predict more rainfall overall, but say the risk of drought in inland a

12、reas during hot summers will increase. More flooding is expected from storms and rising sea levels.There are, however, likely to be very strong regional variations in these patterns, and these are difficult to predict.BWhat Will the Effects Be?/BThe potential impact is huge, with predicted freshwate

13、r shortages, sweeping changes in food production conditions, and increases in deaths from floods, storms, heat waves and droughts. Poorer countries, which are least equipped to deal with rapid change, will suffer most.Plant and animal extinctions are predicted as habitats change faster than species

14、can adapt, and the World Health Organization has warned that the health of millions could be threatened by increases in malaria, water-borne disease and malnutrition.BWhat Dont We Know?/BWe dont know exactly what proportion of the observed warming is caused by human activities or what the knock-on e

15、ffects of the warming will be.The precise relationship between concentrations of carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases) and temperature rise is not known, which is one reason why there is such uncertainty in projections Of temperature increase.Global warming will cause some changes which will s

16、peed up further warming, such as the release of large quantities of the greenhouse gas methane as permafrost(永久冻结带) melts.Other factors may mitigate(减轻) warming. It is possible that plants may take more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as their growth speeds up in warmer conditions, though this re

17、mains in doubt.Scientists are not sure how the complex balance between these positive and negative feedback effects will play out.BWhat about the Skeptics?/BGlobal warming “skeptics“ fall into three broad camps: those who maintain temperatures are not rising; those who accept the climate is changing

18、 but suspect it is largely down to natural variation; those who accept the theory of human-induced warming but say it is not worth tackling as other global problems are more pressing.Nevertheless, there is a growing scientific consensus (舆论) that, even on top of the natural variability of the climat

19、e, something out of the ordinary is happening and humans are to blame.A scientific report commissioned by the U.S. government has concluded there is “clear evidence“ of climate change caused by human activities. The report, from the federal Climate Change Science Program, said trends seen over the l

20、ast 50 years “cannot be explained by natural processes alone“.It found that temperatures have increased in the lower atmosphere as well as at the Earths surface. However, scientists involved in the report say better data is badly needed.Observations down the years have suggested that the troposphere

21、 the lower atmosphere, is not warming up, despite evidence that temperatures at the Earths surface are rising. This goes against generally accepted tenets (原则) of atmospheric physics, and has been used by “climate skeptics“ as proof that there is no real warming.The new report, Temperature Trends i

22、n the Lower Atmosphere, re-analyses the atmospheric data and concludes that tropospheric temperatures are rising. This means, it says, that the impact of human activities upon the global climate is clear. “The observed patterns of change over the past 50 years cannot be explained by natural processe

23、s alone, nor by the effect of short-lived atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols and tropospheric ozone ) alone,“ it says.BHoles in the Data/BBut there are some big uncertainties which still need resolving. Globally, the report concludes, tropospheric temperatures have risen by 0.10 and 0.20 per

24、 decade since 1979, when satellite data became generally available. The wide gap between the two figures means, says the report, that “.it is not clear whether the troposphere has warmed more or less than the surface.“Peter Thorne, of the U.K. Meteorological Office, who contributed to the report, as

25、cribes this uncertainty to poor data “Basically, weve not been observing the atmosphere with climate in mind,“ he told the BBC News website. “Were looking for very small signals in data that are very noisy. From one day to the next, the temperature can change by 10, but were looking for a signal in

26、the order of 0.1 per decade.“The report shows up a particular discrepancy concerning the tropics, where it concludes that temperatures are rising by between 0.02 and 0.19 per decade, a big margin of error.Additionally, the majority of the available datasets show more warming at the surface than in t

27、he troposphere, whereas most models predict the opposite.For Fred Singer, of the Science and Environmental Policy Project, a prominent climate skeptic, this suggests that the reports support for the concept of human-induced climate change is spin rather than substance. “The basic data in the report

28、is quite OK,“ he said, “but the interpretation thats been given is different from what the data says.“BNo Inconsistency/BMeasuring tropospheric temperatures is far from a simple business. Satellites sense the “average“ temperature of the air between themselves and the Earth, largely blind to what is

29、 happening at different altitudes.To compound matters, instruments on board satellites degrade over time, orbits subtly drift, and calibration (校准) between different satellites may be poor.Weather balloons (or radiosondes) take real-time measurements as they ascend, but scientists can never assess i

30、nstruments afterwards; they are “fire-and-forget“ equipment.Correcting for all these potential sources of error is a sensitive and time-consuming process.The report makes clear recommendations for the kind of infrastructure needed to produce higher-quality data and resolve remaining uncertainties. K

31、ey recommendations include: establishing reference sites for radiosonde measurements which would increase consistency between datasets; making sure the operating periods of satellites overlap so instruments can be cross-calibrated; observing factors such as wind, clouds, and humidity in the troposph

32、ere to make sure they are consistent with temperature data.Such observations could produce an unambiguous picture of tropospheric warming, removing discrepancies over the scientific picture and providing better data which can be used to improve computer models.（分数：70.00）(1).In the past, the global a

33、verage temperature may have been 27.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Water vapor plays almost no role in modern greenhouse warming.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).There are discrepancies between trends in surface temperatures and those in the troposphere in the Antarctic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).It may take large bodies of water

34、 and ice decades to respond to changes in temperature.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).It is difficult to predict the strong regional variations in the patterns of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).According to the WHO, increases in malaria, water-borne disease and malnutrition could threaten _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The relea

35、se of large quantities of the greenhouse gas methane as permafrost melts will speed up _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).A U.S. scientific report concluded that some trends of climate change were caused by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Most models predict more warming in the troposphere than at the surface, whereas mos

36、t datasets _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).To resolve remaining uncertainties, its necessary to observe factors such as wind, clouds, and humidity in the troposphere to make sure they are consistent with _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you

37、have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.$9.B.$18.C.$12.D.$36.A.To his home.B.To her home.C.To go to the picnic.D.To go shopping.A.Take the medicine as she was directed to do.B.Schedule another appointment with her doctor.C.Stop taking the medicine.D.Rest her back for a few days.A.They bought the motorbike.B.T

38、hey had no timerC.They didnt want a refrigerator.D.Theres nothing wrong with the old one.A.Typing.B.Drawing a picture.C.Doing exercise.D.Playing the piano.A.Hell give the quiz at a later time.B.The quiz will be very short.C.The quiz wont be ready until Thursday.D.Hell score the quiz quickly.A.He nev

39、er does things early.B.He has already finished it.C.He isnt going to finish it.D.He will finish it in a few minutes.A.Business associates.B.Boss and secretary.C.Teacher and student.D.Good friends.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It plans to send a p

40、robe to explore the moon.B.Its NASAs most expensive project so far.C.Its an ambitious project.D.Its involved in the construction of the American space station.A.The construction of the American space station.B.Budget problems.C.Delays.D.Technical difficulties.A.Building relationship with outer space

41、B.Making profits.C.Creating a stepping-stone to scientific research.D.Fostering international scientific cooperation.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Its a concert.B.Its a circus.C.Its a game.D.Its a movie.A.Romantic lighting.B.Fantastic music.C.Am

42、azing costumes.D.Animal performers.A.Trainers.B.Clowns.C.Acrobats.D.Magicians.A.Go to see Cirque du Soleil in town.B.Go shopping.C.Go to meet the magician.D.Go to see Cirque du Soleil with the woman.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：

43、28.00）A.25 million.B.100 million.C.50 million.D.75 million.A.Government funded.B.Political.C.Private.D.None of the above.A.Wars or natural disasters make them lose their families.B.They want to help their families cam enough money to survive.C.They are poor.D.All the above.A.The Philippines.B.Brazil

44、C.Mexico.D.Guatemala.BQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Philip has not been to this part of the library before.B.It was very quiet in the library.C.Philip fell off the ladder and made a loud noise.D.The librarian was very kind to readers.A.Novels.B.Collec

45、tions of maps.C.Magazines.D.Fiction stories.A.Philip was a rude boy.B.Philip was asked to leave the library.C.Philip was not old enough to read in this library.D.Philip damaged the hook by falling it to the floor.BQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.A big no

46、ise.B.A strange noise.C.A strangers noise.D.A childs noise.A.The well.B.The wheels.C.The ears.D.His ears.A.The police.B.A bee-keeper.C.A beeper.D.The poor motorist.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Now we travel to the north central part of the United States. We are in the state of South Dakota. The lan

47、d is big and mostly flat with many U(36) /U of corn, wheat and soybeans. But as we travel west, the cropland gives way to wild grasses. A strong dry wind blows U(37) /U from the west.Suddenly, the land becomes U(38) /U and rocky, dry and dusty-no longer green and gold. It is now a light red-brown co

48、lor. All around are broken U(39) /U forms. There are hills and valleys of all sizes and strange shapes.These are the Badlands. Hundreds of thousands of years ago the area was U(40) /U, but, then, forces of nature U(41) /U the grass. Water and ice cut into the surface of the earth. They beat at the rocks, U(42) /U them away. The result