大学六级-584及答案解析.doc

1、大学六级-584 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1现在社会上很多人提议高考取消英语2也有人反对高考取消英语的意见，其理由是3我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Returning to ScienceTeresa Garrett was working part-time as a biochemistry postdoc (博士后). She had an infant at home, and she was miserable. S

2、he and her husband were considering having a second child. She didnt like leaving her daughter with a daycare provider, and she wondered if her slim income justified the expense of child-care. She decided to stay home full time.It was a lonely but practical decision, she says. She hadnt ruled out th

3、e possibility but she did not expect to return to science: After all, the conventional wisdom would equate several years of parenting leave with the end of a research career. Garrett eventually had two daughters and spent their early years at home.The challenge of managing a science career and perso

4、nal and family obligations is not a new issue, particularly for women. In a career where productivity and publications define your value, can you take a couple of years off and then make a successful return? When you do, will employers trust your devotion to your job?For Garrett, the answer to both

5、questions was “Yes“. First, she found a short-term teaching tutor at Duke University, the institution where she had done her Ph. D. And then Christian Raetz, who had been her Ph. D. adviser, offered her a postdoc. The timing was perfect: She was ready to start a more regular work schedule, and her h

6、usband was interested in starting a business. Today, she is a chemistry professor at Vassar College. Garrett credits Raetz both for his faith in her abilities and his willingness to judge her contributions on quality and productivity and not the number of hours she spent in the laboratory. “People a

7、re always shocked to know that you can take time off and come back,“ she says.Returning to research after an extended personal leave is possible, but it may not be straightforward. Progress can be slow and there may be some fallout from a break. The path back doesnt come with a road map or a timelin

8、e. Your reentry will have a different rhythm than your initial approach because this time you have to balance your career with the needs of a family. The uncertainty can make you feel isolated and alone. But if you are persistent and take advantage of the resources that are available, you can get it

9、 done. Stepping SidewaysAfter time away from the work force, its particularly easy to underestimate your value as a scientist and-hence-to take one or more backward steps. Dont, says Ruth Ross, who nearly made that mistake after spending 4 years at home with her children. A Ph. D. pharmacologist wit

10、h industry experience, she applied for a technician job at the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom as she planned her return to science. She would have taken the job if it had been offered, she says, but “that probably would have been a bad career move“. As it turned out, the university dec

11、ided she was over-qualified.Instead of taking a step back, take a step sideways: If you left a postdoc, return to a postdoc, perhaps with a special career reentry fellowship. A faculty member at Aberdeen encouraged Ross to apply for a newly established career reentry fellowship from the Well come Tr

12、ust. Funding from that organization supported her postdoctoral research until the university hired her into a faculty position in 2002.After 2 years at home with her son and twin daughters followed by 3 years searching for project management jobs in the biotech industry, biochemist Pla Abola got win

13、d of an opening at the Molecular Sciences Institute (MSI). An MSI staff scientist needed skills like hers but lacked money, so the two applied jointly for an NIH career reentry supplement. Shes now a protein biochemist and grant writer at Prosetta Bioconformatics.Independence and FlexibilityInstead

14、of stepping backward or sideways, physicist Shireen Adenwalla took a step forward. Instead of taking another postdoc, she set up an independent research program on soft money. Early in her career, Adenwalla took 15 months off, caring for her first child and then looking for another postdoc. When she

15、 and her physicist husband decided to move to the University of Nebraska, Lincoln-he had accepted a tenure track position Adenwalla turned down postdoc opportunities. Instead she arranged a visiting faculty position, followed by a post as a research assistant professor.“I think that was a very smart

16、 thing,“ she says today. “Establishing an independent research program is very important.“ Her starting salary was just $15 000, and she got just $ 5 000 in start-up assistance. She borrowed equipment, taught courses, took on graduate students, and published her research. She had a lab and an office

17、, but both got moved around-her lab three times, her office twice.Adenwalla missed having real start-up money, her own equipment, and the institutional investment that comes with a tenure-track position. On the other hand, she was her own boss, so she was able to take 6 months off when she had her s

18、econd child and work part time for a while after her third child was born. Eventually she was hired to a tenure-track post.Flexible or part-time hours can smooth the transition back into tile scientific work force. Some reentry fellowships specify a part-time option and most are accommodating, but e

19、ven if you dont have a fellowship you can ask for a work schedule that meets your needs. Ross, for example, took advantage of the part-time provision of the Well come Trust Fellowship. When Garrett took the position on the Lipid Maps grant, she negotiated a 30-hour-a-week schedule.Patience: an Essen

20、tial VirtueTwo months before physicist Marija Nikolic-Jarics scheduled dissertation defense at Simon Fraser University, her husband was diagnosed with an aggressive brain tumor. Over the next 17 months, she focused on her husband and his cancer treatments. After his death, she moved with her little

21、son to Winnipeg to be near family.She tried to jump-start her thesis project several times, the first in 1998, but she wasnt ready yet and became discouraged. Eventually, she found the motivation to return. She started from the beginning, with a new approach. She finished her Ph. D. in 2008. Now a p

22、ostdoc at the University of Manitoba, she has moved into a new research area-biomicrofluidics. This year, her work is supported by an M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship, a career reentry grant from the American Physical Society.Elizabeth Freeland, too, continues to work toward a permanent research posit

23、ion a decade after her return. When she followed her future husband to his postdoc at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, and subsequently to Chicago, Illinois, she wasnt able to find a compatible research opportunity. Since then, she has cared for the couples two young children, taug

24、ht part time, and found a few short-term research opportunities, some paid, others not.Like Nikolic-Jaric, Freeland is a physicist, and like that other physicists she switched fields. Freeland moved from condensed matter theory to high-energy physics. She scraped together two one-year postdoctoral g

25、rants, the first from the American Association of University Women and the second is a Blewett Scholarship.Unable to find a permanent position locally, in September she started a one-year postdoc at Washington University in St Louis. The location is challenging, she says, but she is encouraged by th

26、e support of her mentors (导师). And because her work is theoretical, she can spend alternate weeks at home with her husband and school-age children. Its a great research opportunity, she says, one she hopes will someday yield a job closer to her family. She also runs a Web site for physicists navigat

27、ing career breaks.Finding Your Own Way BackThough students sometimes see her as a role model, Adenwalla cautions that what worked for her might not be the best solution for others. “You have to find whats right for you,“ she says, and ignore those with different circumstances and needs. Her own jour

28、ney was a tradeoff, she says. On the plus side, she was able to pick her children up at school every day. On the minus side, she says, “there was a fear inside me that 1 would never make it.“Garrett tells everyone about her journey, even noting it on her Vassar Web site. “Both young women and young

29、men who are coming up through their career path need to know about the different ways that you can have a good and satisfying career in science./（分数：70.00）(1).When Garrett stayed at home, she was prevented from expecting to return to science by _.（分数：7.00）A.her common senseB.her several years of par

30、enting leaveC.her slim incomeD.her coming second child(2).When Garrett is a chemistry professor, Raetz judges her contributions on _.（分数：7.00）A.her large number of laboratory hoursB.her willingness to contributeC.the quality and productivity of her workD.her regular work schedule(3).According to the

31、 passage, Ruth Ross almost committed the mistake that _.（分数：7.00）A.she underestimated her abilityB.she took a step backC.she spent 4 years at homeD.she took a step sideways(4).Before Pia Abola got a position at the MSI, she spent at home _.（分数：7.00）A.two yearsB.three yearsC.four yearsD.five years(5)

32、.Shireen Adenwalla moved her lab and office frequently because _.（分数：7.00）A.her house moved to NebraskaB.she kept getting promotedC.the equipment was borrowedD.she couldnt get abundant funding(6).Marija Nikolic-Jarics dissertation defense at Simon Fraser University was delayed by_.（分数：7.00）A.her hus

33、bands diseaseB.her toddler sonC.her faraway familyD.her discouraging jump-start(7).In 1998, Nikolic-Jaric failed her thesis project because of _（分数：7.00）A.her husbands deathB.her own hasteC.her discouragementD.her new approach(8).Before she switched fields, Freelands former research direction was _.

34、（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).In addition to the one-year postdoc at Washington University, Freeland runs a web site for physicists _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to Garrett, if young people want to succeed in science, they need to know _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，

35、分数：105.00)A.Drink 2 glasses of water.B.Drink one glass of water.C.Drink half a glass of water.D.Drink no more water.A.He got 200 dollars on the bus.B.He got 100 dollars at home.C.He lost 100 dollars on the bus.D.He lost 200 dollars at home.A.To pretend that she is rich.B.To suggest her husband that

36、she want those.C.To make her look prettier in the painting.D.To cause some trouble for her husband if he remarries.A.Because they have some financial problems.B.Because there will be much rain in May.C.Because they wont have free time in May.D.Because they cant have everything got ready by then.A.Sh

37、e will play basketball.B.She will go to see Lily.C.She will go swimming.D.She will play volleyball.A.She is in no hurry.B.She can afford more money.C.She is expecting somebody else.D.She is health-conscious.A.Setting off at 7 oclock is no big deal.B.She should arrange her life better.C.Her brother c

38、an tell her what to do.D.She should not complain it.A.Paris is not romantic enough.B.Paris is not modern enough.C.Theyre not very likely to go to Paris.D.Its impossible that they will go to Paris.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To ask the man to debat

39、e with her.B.To get some suggestion about advertisement.C.To invite him to be a judge for a debate.D.To get some ideas for a debate.A.Negative.B.Indifferent.C.Basically positive.D.Doubtful.A.Advertising company.B.Businessmen.C.Advertisement audience.D.The article buyers.Questions 22 to 25 are based

40、on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Frank.B.Modest.C.Roundabout.D.Confident.A.Money is important.B.Responsibility means more than salary.C.High salary secures better performance.D.Future income is more important than starting salary.A.Motivation and teamwork.B.“Can do“ spirit.C.Hones

41、ty and responsibility.D.Hard-working and cooperation.A.Clearer wording.B.Civilization.C.Communication.D.Tolerance.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because he was excited about the website.B.Because he was keen on comput

42、ers.C.Because he was anxious about the website.D.Because he was eager to succeed in the website.A.An experiment.B.A day job.C.A dream coming true.D.A promising career.A.Getting visitors to vote on the website.B.Getting more traffic.C.Turning its traffic into money.D.Contacting politicians and famous

43、 people.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The birth rates.B.The death rates.C.The divorce rates.D.The widow rates.A.Couples living together.B.Gay couples.C.The divorced.D.The widowed.A.Healthy people are more interested in getting married.B.Happy

44、people do not always get married.C.Married people may not be in love with each other.D.Married peoples kids may not provide care in old years.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Philosophical classics.B.College philosophical course books.C.Philoso

45、phical best-sellers.D.Classic childrens books.A.To get some data for his research in college.B.To give his students more practice.C.To popularize the subject of philosophy.D.To promote philosophy to an higher level.A.Should the tree give its shade to the boy?B.Should the tree give that much to the b

46、oy?C.How should we treat natural objects?D.Is the boy wrong to take so much from the tree?A.Children younger than 12 can not reason abstractly.B.Curiosity and willingness to learn enable kids to study philosophy.C.Children could think abstractly at an early age.D.Philosophical questioning could help

47、 kids develop reasoning skills.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Last year, researchers published new findings from the Womens Health Initiative, a long-term study of more than 160000 midlife women. The data showed that multivitamin-takers are no (36) than those who dont take the pills, at least when it co

48、mes to the big diseases-cancer, heart disease, and (37) “Even women with poor diets werent helped by taking a multivitamin,“ says study author Marian Neuhouser, PhD, in the cancer (38) program at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, in Seattle.Vitamin (39) came into fashion in the early 1900s

49、, when it was difficult or impossible for most people to get a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables year-round. Back then, vitamin (40) diseases werent unheard-of: the bowed legs and (41) ribs caused by a severe shortage of vitamin D, or the skin problems and mental (42) caused by a lack of vitamin B.But these days, youre (43) unlikely to be seriously defic