大学四级-55及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-55 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择； 2也有人坚持在国内也能实现自已的理想； 3. 我的看法。 BOn Overseas Study/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BIndustrial Revolution/BBThe economic development/BIndustrial Revolution was a widespread replacement of manual labor

2、 by machines that began in Britain in the 18th century and is still continuing in some parts of the world. The Industrial Revolution was the result of many fundamental, interrelated changes that transformed agricultural economies into industrial ones. The most immediate changes were in the nature of

3、 production: what was produced, as well as where and how. Goods that had traditionally been made in the home or in small workshops began to be manufactured in the factory. Productivity and technical efficiency grew dramatically, in part through the systematic application of scientific and practical

4、knowledge to the manufacturing process. Efficiency was also enhanced when large groups of business enterprises were located within a limited area. The Industrial Revolution led to the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas into urban communities in search of work.BThe social changes/BThe

5、changes brought by the Industrial Revolution overturned not only traditional economies, but also whole societies. Economic changes caused far-reaching social changes, including the movement of people to cities, the availability of a greater variety of material goods, and new ways of doing business.

6、The Industrial Revolution was the first step in modem economic growth and development. Economic development was combined with superior military technology to make the nations of Europe and other counterparts, such as the United States, the most powerful in the world in the 18th and 19th centuries.Th

7、e Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain during the last half of the 18th century and spread through regions of Europe and to the United States during the following century. In the 20th century industrialization on a wide scale extended to parts of Asia and the Pacific Rim. Today mechanized pr

8、oduction and modern economic growth continue to spread to new areas of the world, and much of humankind has yet to experience the changes typical of the Industrial Revolution.The Industrial Revolution is called a revolution because it changed society both significantly and rapidly. Over the course o

9、f human history, there has been only one other group of changes as significant as the Industrial Revolution. This is what anthropologists call the Neolithic (新石器时代的) Revolution, which took place in the later part of the Stone Age. In the Neolithic Revolution, people moved from social systems based o

10、n hunting and gathering to much more complex communities that depended on agriculture and the domestication of animals. The Industrial Revolution brought a shift from the agricultural societies created during the Neolithic Revolution to modern industrial societies.The social changes brought about by

11、 the Industrial Revolution were significant. As economic activities in many communities moved from agriculture to manufacturing, production shifted from its traditional locations in the home and the small workshop to factories. Large portions of the population relocated from the countryside to the t

12、owns and cities where manufacturing centers were found. The overall amount of goods and services produced expanded dramatically, and the proportion of capital invested per worker grew. New groups of investors, businesspeople, and managers took financial risks and reaped (收获, 得到) great rewards.In the

13、 long run the Industrial Revolution has brought economic improvement for most people in industrialized societies. Many enjoy greater prosperity and improved health, especially those in the middle and the upper classes of society. There have been costs, however. In some cases, the lower classes of so

14、ciety have suffered economically. Industrialization has brought factory pollutants and greater land use, which have harmed the natural environment. In particular, the application of machinery and science to agriculture has led to greater land use and, therefore, extensive loss of habitat for animals

15、 and plants. In addition, drastic population growth following industrialization has contributed to the decline of natural habitats and resources. These factors, in turn, have caused many species to become extinct or endangered.BThe foundation in Europe/BEver since the Renaissance, Europeans had been

16、 inventing and using even more complex machinery. Particularly important were improvements in transportation, such as faster ships, and communication, especially printing. These improvements played a key role in the development of the Industrial Revolution by encouraging the movement of new ideas an

17、d mechanisms, as well as the people who knew how to build and run them.BGreat Britain leads the way/BThen, in the 18th century in Britain, new production methods were introduced in several key industries, dramatically altering how these industries functioned. These new methods included different mac

18、hines, fresh sources of power and energy, and novel forms of organizing business and labor. For the first time technical and scientific knowledge was applied to business practices on a large scale Humankind had begun to develop mass production. The result was an increase in material goods, usually s

19、elling for lower prices than before.The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because social, political, and legal conditions there were particularly favorable to change. Property rights, such as those for patents (专利权) on mechanical improvements, were well established. More importantly, the

20、predictable, stable rule of law in Britain meant that monarchs and aristocrats were less likely to arbitrarily seize earnings or impose taxes than they were in many other countries. As a result, earnings were safer, and ambitious businesspeople could gain wealth, social prestige, and power more easi

21、ly than could people on the European continent. These factors encouraged risk taking and investment in new business ventures, both crucial to economic growth.In addition, Great Britains government pursued a relatively hands-off economic policy. This free- market approach was made popular through Sco

22、ttish philosopher and economist Adam Smith and his book The Wealth of Nations (1776). The hands-off policy permitted fresh methods and ideas to flourish with little interference or regulation.Britains nurturing social and political setting encouraged the changes that began in a few trades to spread

23、to others. Gradually the new ways of production transformed more and more parts of the British economy, although older methods continued in many industries. Several industries played key roles in Britains industrialization. Iron and steel manufacture, the production of steam engines, and textiles we

24、re all powerful influences.Modern industry requires power to run its machinery. During the development of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, coal was the main source of power. Even before the 18th century, some British industries had begun using the countrys plentiful coal supply instead of wood,

25、 which was much scarcer. Coal was adopted by the metalworking, glass and ceramics (制陶业) industries, demonstrating its potential for use in many industrial processes.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives an overall view of the Industrial Revolution around the world.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Cities developed rapi

26、dly due to the migration upsurge in the Industrial Revolution.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Great changes took place in the social aspect with the rising economy, but business transactions were still performed traditionally.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The Neolithic Revolution led to the establishment of permanent set

27、tlements and, eventually, urban civilizations.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Economic benefit was only available to the rich people and the upper class in the process of industrialization.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The environment was destroyed as a result of population explosion with the advancing of industrializati

28、on.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The Industrial Revolution witnessed the extensive use of theoretical knowledge in practice.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Besides economic growth, some great European powers ascended in the Industrialization Revolution because of their _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The wide adoption of Britains

29、hands-off policy was promoted by the thoughts of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In the Industrial Revolution, the factories in Britain took _ as the most important energy source for electricity.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just he

30、ard.（分数：56.00）A.Happy.B.Angry.C.Tired.D.Sad.A.He found it fascinating.B.It took a long time to finish the show.C.You have to be dressed formally there.D.They should leave soon.A.Pay for some of the food.B.Take Gary to picnic some other time.C.Insist on buying food themselves.D.Thank Gary for his buy

31、ing food.A.They need to turn right ahead.B.She agrees with the man on where State Street is.C.They found no left turn at the last intersection.D.The msn missed the turn.A.He did meet the director today,B.The director was at home,C.He met the director at the theater.D.He didnt see the director,A.He s

32、hould look at the desk.B.He should go to the doctor.C.He should relax a little hit.D.He should have found some one for help.A.She wants to see the man immediately.B.She isnt sure which train shell be on.C.It takes an hour to get there by train.D.Shell leave the railway station at 6:30.A.Theres no jo

33、b for anyone to do.B.Nobody will work with the committee.C.The woman knows the committee members.D.The woman should be on the committee herself.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Food canning.B.A new snack food.C.Kinds of fish.D.A food flavoring.A.Its co

34、lors.B.Its sales.C.Its texture.D.Its taste.A.To keep it longer.B.To make it rougher.C.To give it a particular taste.D.To fasten the process.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Hospital staff only.B.Many Packer Hall residents.C.Many officials.D.The art stu

35、dents.A.By collections made at hospital.B.By money from sponsors.C.By the funds from local hospitals.D.By contributions based on the number of miles walked.A.One dollar.B.25 cents.C.Two dollars.D.20 cents.A.Joe will keep it for himself.B.It will be used for a new hospital.C.It will be used by the pa

36、rticipants.D.It will be shared by the participants and the hospital.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They reported their research on American astronomy.B.They reported their finding on the color of the universe.C.

37、They reported their experiment on various star systems.D.They reported their invention of a color identification software.A.Light green.B.Milky white.C.Dark blue.D.Colorless.A.Because the American Astronomical Society offered wrong data.B.Because they included the wrong star systems in their observa

38、tion.C.Because they were misled by newspapers and television reports.D.Because there is a mistake in the computer software they used.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Because economics is as irregular as weather.B.Because economics is as import

39、ant as weather to our daily life.C.Because economics condition can be judged according to weather.D.Because it is not easy to predict the future condition of economics.A.They use unemployment rates to judge the decline measured by the index.B.They use the interest rates to confirm the growth of econ

40、omy.C.They use percentage to represent the changes weighed by the index.D.They use stocks as the measurement of development in market.A.Unemployment rates.B.Manufacturing rates,C.Interest rates,D.Peoples expectations of the economy.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have j

41、ust heard./B（分数：28.00）A.It means to take a risk to save the giraffes(长颈鹿) lives.B.It means to take a risk for the welfare of other people.C.It means m search everywhere for the benefit for oneself.D.It means to search for the good examples for others to follow.A.Because of his contribution to the ch

42、ildren as a dentist.B.Because of his efforts as a teacher of photograph taking.C.Bemuse of his connection with children throughout the world by means of photography.D.Because of his dedication to the tooth health of the children all over the world.A.Mr. Khamisas son was killed by Mr. Felixs grandson

43、B.Mr. Khamisa put Mr. Felixs grandson into prison.C.Mr. Khamisas son and Mr. Felixs grandson belong to the same street gang.D.Mr. Khamisa and Mr. Fdix are working together to fight against robbery.A.To warn young people off resorting to violence.B.To raise the reputation of the Giraffe Project.C.To

44、 reward them so as to help them financially.D.To present them as models for other people to learn from.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Lets turn our focus now to U(36) /U. We all know what an advertisement is. It is essentially a message that U(37) /U something for sale.Now, there is an important prec

45、ondition that must exist before you have advertising. That is a large supply of U(38) /U goods, that is, things to sell. You see, in a place where a demand for a product is U(39) /U than the supply, theres no need to advertise. The early form of advertising goes back to many hundreds of years ago wi

46、th a simple sign. There were shop doors that told you whether the shop was a bakery, a U(40) /U shop or whatever. Then was the introduction of the printing craze. Advertising increased substantially as printings for products like coffee, tea and chocolate appeared in newspapers and other U(41) /U as

47、 well as on the side of buildings. In the American U(42) /U , advertising in communications media like newspapers and pamphlets became a major factor in U(43) /U goods and services. By modern standards, U(44) /U not the splash sheet or the whole page spreads of today. Still some of them appeared on

48、the front page of newspapers, U(45) /U , but the ads were current or local. Advertising really came into its own and became a central part of doing business during the industry revolution. Suddenly there was a much greater supply of things to sell. And as we said earlier, U(46) /U Peoples attention had been drawn to the new product. Lets take a look at some of the advertisements from that time.（分数：77.00）