大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A类研究生初赛英语真题2010年及答案解析.doc

1、大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A 类研究生初赛英语真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part I Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Conversation One(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Conversation Two(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Section D(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：15，分数：15

2、00)1.Undergraduate students have no_to the rare books in the school library.（分数：1.00）A.entranceB.accessC.wayD.path2.The_physicist has been challenged by many people in his field.（分数：1.00）A.respectedB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respect3.Very few scientists_completely new answers to the worlds problems.

3、分数：1.00）A.come up toB.come down toC.come down withD.come up with4.Sometimes a student may be asked to write about his_to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.（分数：1.00）A.impressionB.commentC.reactionD.comprehension5.Topics for composition should be_to the expe

4、riences and interests of the students.（分数：1.00）A.concernedB.dependentC.suitableD.relevant6.Mr. White works for a chemicals import and export company, but he has been working for this industrial fair, while he is_from that company.（分数：1.00）A.on leaveB.on dutyC.on patrolD.on guard7.When you have finis

5、hed with that video tape, dont forget to put it in my drawer, _?（分数：1.00）A.do youB.will youC.dont youD.wont you8.Have you decided yet?Yes, well_the cheaper option.（分数：1.00）A.make upB.sort outC.go forD.take over9.In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is t

6、o avoid_.（分数：1.00）A.from being beatenB.being beatenC.beatenD.to be beaten10.As it turned out to be a small house party, we_so formally.（分数：1.00）A.need not have dressedB.must not have dressedC.need not dressD.must not dress11._no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.（分数：1.00）A.There

7、wasB.Due toC.As toD.There being12.At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but that decision was_revised.（分数：1.00）A.subsequentlyB.subjectivelyC.predominantlyD.preliminarily13.Chris: I think we might get a good pay rise this year.Sam: _Tom: I think its on the cards.Helen: I think its a

8、 safe bet. The companys made a big profit this year.Kate: Youre right, but its still touch and go whether theyll share it with us.（分数：1.00）A.That is OK.B.That doesnt make sense!C.That would be terrible.D.Thatll he the day!14.Miranda: Its getting late. What time is the last subway train, Joe?Joe: I t

9、hink its already gone.Miranda: Are there any night buses?Joe: Im not sure. Sorry.Miranda: _Joe: Go ahead.（分数：1.00）A.Do you mind if I stay here for the night?B.Do you mind if I use your phone to call a taxi?C.Could you give me a ride?D.Could you call a taxi for me?15.Paul: Mark, Im sorry if Ive upset

10、 you.Mark: I thought you knew I liked Lucy.Paul: Yes, but I didnt realize you two were serious.Mark: I see.Paul: Believe me,Mark: Thats OK.Paul: Look, Ill phone her and cancel our date tomorrow.Mark: No, just leave it.（分数：1.00）A.Ill let her know for sure.B.Im really sorry!C.Ill keep that in mind.D.I

11、m not going to let her go.九、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I wish my memory worked differently. Id like to be able to conjure up an accurate image of my (46) (conscious) from, say, 25 years ago. You know what 25 years means? No cellphones, no e-mail, no Internet, no social networking (except with an actu

12、al drink in hand), and only the most primitive of personal computers. What I want to answer is a single (47) : Was I as addicted to the future than as I seem to be now?I ask this because I really enjoy a new update to my operating system, like the one I down (48) from Apple earlier this week. I find

13、 it (49) (surprise) pleasing when one of my iPhone applications requests an update too. Every day I await, with anticipation, a long list of e-mail messages that could arrive at any second, and there are several people Im really eager to get a text message (50) . Those, too, could come at any time.

14、Sooneven nowI could find my feed-list in Google Reader delightfully stuffed with newness. I am not a Twitterer, but I understand the dismay the Twitter world must have felt during its service (51) (disrupt) last week.When I think back 25 years, there just wasnt that much to be waiting (52) The phone

15、 might ringand if you left home, you had to leave without it. The mail would come, and so might UPS or Federal Express. Someone might stop by on the spur of the moment. A fax perhaps? That was about it.Ive always looked forward to the mail coming. I dont know why, and now where the mail comes consta

16、ntly, cease (53) , a world where I find myself dismayed by the slowdown in blog feeds over the weekend. I consider myself a moderate user of personal electronics. I almost never wear earbuds, and yet this constant foretaste of the future, this hunger for the next electronic blip, feels to me like a

17、full-blown (54) (addict).Which is why Id like a clearer picture of my old sell: Was I a little more serene 25 years ago? Was there a little more silence inside my head? A little less (55) (expect)? Or was I leaning headlong into the future even then?（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1

18、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Section A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists have cured color blindness in monkeys using gene therapy.As well as allowing color-blind humans to tell red from green, the innovative technique could restore sight to the blind.Sufferers of age,r

19、elated macular degenerationthe most common cause of blindness in the elderlyare among the millions who could eventually benefit.Researcher Jay Neitz said: “If we could find a way to do this with complete safety in human eyes, as we did with monkeys, there would be a lot of people who would want it.

20、We hope the technology will be useful in correcting a lot of different vision disorders. “Professor Neitz used gene therapyinjections of genesto allow two male squirrel monkeys called Sam and Dalton to see in full color for the first time.Like some humans with red-green colour blindness, the monkeys

21、 lacked a pigment that the conesthe colourdetector cells at the back of the eyeneed to see red and green. As a result, they saw both red and green as shades of grey. Other colours, such as orange, blue and brown appeared washed-out.To correct their vision, the US scientists injected the monkeys eyes

22、 with millions of copies of a gene needed to make the missing pigment, the journal Nature reports.Importantly, the monkeys were injected with a human gene, suggesting the same technique would work on people. Four months later, their vision suddenly improved.Professor Neitz, of the University of Wash

23、ington in Seattle, said: “It was as if they woke up and saw these new colours. They unquestionably responded to colours that had been invisible to them. “A version of the colour blindness test that is used in schools around the world showed just how much their vision has improved.Dr Katherine Mancus

24、o, the studys lead author, said : “Their performance on red and green was similar, but not quite as good, as a female monkey who had normal colour vision since birth. “The need to prove that adding genes to the body does not cause harmful side-effects means it will be some time before the method is

25、routinely used to correct colour blindness in humans. Despite this, the researchers are optimistic and point out that gene therapy is already being tested on Britons and Americans with a rare, hereditary form of blindness called Lebers congenital amaurosis.The technique could also be adapted to trea

26、t other conditions that involve problems with genes in the colour and detail-detecting cone cells at the back of the eye. These include age-related macular degeneration, in which the deterioration of central vision makes it increasingly difficult to carry out everyday tasks such as reading and drivi

27、ng. Blindness linked to diabetes might also be treated.Cathy Yelf, of the Macular Disease Society, said the research was “very interesting“ but cautioned: “A practical gene therapy for macular degeneration is still some way off. “（分数：10.00）_十二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Rifts were already opening up i

28、n the G20 as China hit out at Britain and the US for demanding that China boost its imports of foreign goods. A senior official from the Peoples Republic said it was not appropriate in a “market economy“ for a minister to call for a foreign nation to buy more of its products. Speaking at a briefing

29、to reporters, Yu Jianhua of the Ministry of Commerce also described his country as “the biggest victim of protectionism“ by other countries.“China has all along been making tremendous efforts to maintain a basic balance between exports and imports,“ he said. His remarks, made ahead of yesterdays sum

30、mit meeting, underlined the yawning divisions that remain between world leaders despite pledges of a “global compact“ in Pittsburgh.Western powers like the UK and the US want China to bolster its domestic demand and increase imports as part of a “rebalancing“ of the world economy. They warn American

31、 consumers can no longer remain the primary engines of global demand as they bolster savings and repay debts.Leaders have agreed to boost the status of the G20 and increase the International Monetary Fund representation of China, India and other developing countries as part of the shift to more sust

32、ainable patterns of global growth. However, achieving a consensus on a way forward will be extremely difficultnot least because global bodies will still have no ability to dictate economic policy to members.Chancellor Alistair Darling said yesterday: “This does not mean we are in a new world order w

33、here we have a G20 that tells everyone what to do. It is up to each country to decide what is best for them. “On financial reform, yesterdays G20 deal will see restrictions on bonus payments and requirements forcing banks to hold more capital. Watchdogs will be able to limit payouts to a maximum sha

34、re of a banks revenue if it is necessary to strengthen the firms finances. This stops far short of what French president Nicolas Sarkozy and other European leaders were seekinga set monetary limit.Speaking during Saturdays meetings, Mr Brown, the British prime minister, said : “The whole world commu

35、nity across the board is united in wanting to bring in rules and standards which will stamp out the bad practices of the past. “Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a maximum of 10 words for each sentence.（分数：10.00）(1).At a briefing to reporters, Yu Jianhua said

36、that China is affected most by_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Britain and the USA want China to help the world economy by_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to this report, what Americans are concerned most about now is_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is extremely difficult for the G20 nations to achieve a consensus beca

37、use global bodies it has have no ability to_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).What French president Nicolas Sarkozy and other European leaders were seeking was a set monetary limit to_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十三、Section C(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Getting a cold or catching the flu is a common complaint for people every year. In f

38、act, people usually catch between two and five colds a year. No one enjoys the accompanying symptoms: the sore throat, runny nose, constant sneezing and headaches. Not surprisingly, cold medications have become a big business. People spend billions of dollars to combat this recurring problem. We see

39、 the number and variety of over-the-counter medicines each time we enter a pharmacy. People estimate that, if you combine consumer purchases and drains on health care systems, at least 40 billion dollars are spent each year in the US alone. Is a cure for the common cold possible? The answer seems to

40、 be both yes and no.First of all, the “common“ cold itself is not a single disease. Any of two hundred different viruses could be responsible for the symptoms of a cold. Developing a vaccine for the common cold would literally mean having to develop hundreds of vaccines. Additionally, some cold viru

41、ses have the ability to change their molecular composition. Thus, even though our bodies may become immune to a certain cold virus this winter, by next winter our antibodies will probably not recognize it. However, one family of viruses, the rhinoviruses, seems to account for almost 40% of all colds

42、 Therefore, scientists have been focusing their research on this family of viruses in the hopes that treatments targeting rhinoviruses will result in a drastic decrease in the number of colds people get. In the late 1990s researchers experienced some initial success. Biologists developed a treatmen

43、t, an anti-viral molecule called BIRR4, which prevented the binding of the virus to cells in the nose. This binding is an essential first step in stopping a viral infection and, was it preventable, many infections would be by-passed. For the next few years, the pharmaceutical giant Boehringer tried

44、to make this treatment commercially viable. Unfortunately, they found to their dismay that this treatment only worked just prior to getting a cold or in the first stages of infection, when most people do not yet realize any thing is wrong. As a possible treatment for a cold, it was severely limited

45、and so in 2000, Boehringer dropped the BIRR4 project.Another difficulty in finding a cure for the common cold is that the cold virus does not actually cause our cold symptoms. Indeed, by the time we start to show cold symptoms, the viral infection is almost over. Most infections result in no symptom

46、s at all. The symptoms that we get from a cold are, in reality, produced by our bodys immune response, not by the virus itself. One way the body fights infection is with an anti-inflammatory response. Part of this response is to dilate blood vessels in the affected area and to make the affected ceil

47、s release fluid to the surrounding area. In cold, this results in the swelling of the nose and throat, as well as sneezing and a runny nose. This also very similar to how the body reacts when we have allergies. Thus, some scientists are now suggesting targeting the bodys immune responses rather than the virus itself, as we do when we tre