大学生英语竞赛C类非英语专业-28及答案解析.doc

1、大学生英语竞赛 C 类非英语专业-28 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)改错Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed. Now he has the capability to 1 leave that planet and move out into the universe to those worlds which he has known previously: only d

2、irectly. Men have explored parts of the moon, put space- 2 ships in orbit around another planet and possibly within the decade will land into 3 another planet and explore it. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other 4 planet within the not-too-distant future? Some have

3、advocated such a procedure as 5 a solution to the population problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the 6 project. To maintain the earth“s population at its present level, we would have to blast off into space

4、7500 people every hour of every day of the year. Why are we spending so little money on space exploration? 7 Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one 8 is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that they are poured 9 into the space explor

5、ation efforts. But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. 10 （分数：25.00）When Christopher Columbus landed in the New World, the North American continent was area of astonishing ethnic 11 and cultural diversity. North of the Rio Grande, which now marks the b

6、order among the United States and Mexico, was a 12 population of over 12 million people representing approximately 400 distinct cultures, 500 languages, and a remarkable variety of political and religious institutions and physical and ethic types. Compared to the Europeans, the Indian peoples 13 wer

7、e extraordinary heterogeneous, and they often viewed the Europe as just another tribe. 14 These varied tribal cultures were as diversified as the Land the Indians lived. In the high plains of the 15 Dakotas, the Mandan developed a peaceful communal Society centered around agriculture. Only a few hun

8、dred miles off, however, in the northwestern Montana, the Black feet 16 turned from agriculture and began to use horse, which had been introduced by the Spaniards. As skilled riders they became 17 hunters and fighters and developed a fierce and aggressive culture centered around the buffalo. In the

9、eastern woodlands surrounding the Great Lakes, the Potawatomis were expert fisherman, canoe builders, and hunters. In the Northeast the six Iroquois nations were among the most political 18 sophisticated people in the world, formed the famed Iroquois 19 confederation, that included the Senecas and t

10、he Mohawks. 20 This confederation, with its systems of checks and balances, provided a model for the United States constitutions.（分数：25.00）As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on it. They are the mark of success 21 or failure in our society. One“s whole

11、 future may be decided on one fateful day. It doesn“t matter that he wasn“t feeling very well, or that his mother died. Things like that don“t count on: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when 22 he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examinatio

12、n system expects you to do. The moment 23 a child begins school, he enters into a world of vicious competition 24 where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of “drop-outs“: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have eve

13、n embarked 25 a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? A good education should, among other things, train one to think for himself. The examination system does nothing but that. 26 What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memo

14、rize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek 27 more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive teachers off all freedoms. 28 Teachers themselves are often judged by examinat

15、ion results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reducing to training their 29 students in exam techniques which they despise of. The most 30 successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.（分数：25.00）Usually, ther

16、e are two reasons to pursue scientific knowledge: for the sake of the knowledge itself, and for the practical use of that knowledge. Because this second aspect of science effects the lives of most people, 31 it is much more familiar than the first. Knowledge must be gained, however, after it can be

17、applied, and often the most important technological 32 advances arise from research pursued for its own sake. Traditionally, new technology has concerned with the construction 33 of machines, structures, and tools in a relatively large scale. The 34 development of materials for building bridges, sky

18、scrapers or highways is an example of this, as it is the development of the internal-combustion 35 engine and the nuclear reactor. While such activities involve all sections of the sciences, the overriding goal has been the same, that is, improve 36 the human condition by finding good ways to deal w

19、ith the macroscopic world. 37 Since World War , the focus of technological activity underwent a major change. While the old activities are still pursued, they have been largely superseded by applications of technology at the microscopic level. Instead of building large-scale structures and machines,

20、 modern-day technology tends to concentrate on finding improving ways to transfer 38 information and to develop new materials by studying the way atoms come together. The silicon chip and microelectronics typify this new technological trend, as did the blossoming of genetic engineering. The trend ca

21、n be 39 expected to continue for the foreseeable decades. 40 （分数：25.00）大学生英语竞赛 C 类非英语专业-28 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)改错Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed. Now he has the capability to 1 leave that planet and move out i

22、nto the universe to those worlds which he has known previously: only directly. Men have explored parts of the moon, put space- 2 ships in orbit around another planet and possibly within the decade will land into 3 another planet and explore it. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we may be able to

23、 colonize other 4 planet within the not-too-distant future? Some have advocated such a procedure as 5 a solution to the population problem: ship the excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the 6 project. To maintain the earth“s p

24、opulation at its present level, we would have to blast off into space 7500 people every hour of every day of the year. Why are we spending so little money on space exploration? 7 Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment, one 8 is surely justified in his concern fo

25、r the money and resources that they are poured 9 into the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：capabilityability解析 have the ability to do sth.和 have the capability of doing sth.是固定搭配。解析：directlyindirectly解析

26、 根据上下文可知这里要表达的是“间接手段”。解析：intoonto/on解析 “在着陆”，要使用 land on (onto)表示。解析：tooso解析 so.as to.如此以致。解析：planetplanets解析 other 后面要跟复数名词。解析：headmind解析 keep sth. in mind 是固定搭配，意为“将某事记在心里”。解析：littlemuch解析 根据上下文可以看出这里要表达“大量”之意。解析：ConsiderConsidering解析 considering 在这里作介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”。解析：they解析 that 引导的是定语从句，指代 the mo

27、ney and resources，they 在此多余。解析：arrivingreaching 或 arrivingat解析 “arrive at a conclusion”，“reach a conclusion”是固定搭配，用来表示“得出结论”。When Christopher Columbus landed in the New World, the North American continent was area of astonishing ethnic 11 and cultural diversity. North of the Rio Grande, which now ma

28、rks the border among the United States and Mexico, was a 12 population of over 12 million people representing approximately 400 distinct cultures, 500 languages, and a remarkable variety of political and religious institutions and physical and ethic types. Compared to the Europeans, the Indian peopl

29、es 13 were extraordinary heterogeneous, and they often viewed the Europe as just another tribe. 14 These varied tribal cultures were as diversified as the Land the Indians lived. In the high plains of the 15 Dakotas, the Mandan developed a peaceful communal Society centered around agriculture. Only

30、a few hundred miles off, however, in the northwestern Montana, the Black feet 16 turned from agriculture and began to use horse, which had been introduced by the Spaniards. As skilled riders they became 17 hunters and fighters and developed a fierce and aggressive culture centered around the buffalo

31、. In the eastern woodlands surrounding the Great Lakes, the Potawatomis were expert fisherman, canoe builders, and hunters. In the Northeast the six Iroquois nations were among the most political 18 sophisticated people in the world, formed the famed Iroquois 19 confederation, that included the Sene

32、cas and the Mohawks. 20 This confederation, with its systems of checks and balances, provided a model for the United States constitutions.（分数：25.00）解析：areaan解析 area 表“地区”之意时，是可数名词，故在它之前应添加不定冠词 an。解析：amongbetween解析 在两者之间用介词 between。解析：ethicethnic解析 两词拼写相似，词义不同。ethic 是“道德规范，伦理”之意，而 ethnic是“种族的，人种的”的意思

33、。根据句意，这里应该用后者。解析：EuropeEuropeans解析 此处是说把欧洲人看成另一部落。解析：the Indianswhere解析 live 是不及物动词，因此定语从句要用 where 来引导。解析：offaway解析 表示“距离某地有多远”时用副词 away。解析：the解析 表示“某个国家人”时不需加定冠词 the。解析：politicalpolitically解析 修饰形容词 sophisticated 应该用副词形式。解析：formedforming解析 这里应该用现在分词表示主动。解析：thatwhich解析 非限制性定语从句要用 which 来引导。As anxiety

34、-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on it. They are the mark of success 21 or failure in our society. One“s whole future may be decided on one fateful day. It doesn“t matter that he wasn“t feeling very well, or that his mother died. Things like that don“t count

35、on: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when 22 he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects you to do. The moment 23 a child begins school, he enters into a world of vicious competition 24 where success and failure are clear

36、ly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of “drop-outs“: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked 25 a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? A good education should, among other things, train one to think for h

37、imself. The examination system does nothing but that. 26 What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek 27 more and more knowledge, but

38、 induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive teachers off all freedoms. 28 Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reducing to training their 29 students in exam techniques which they despise of. The mos

39、t 30 successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.（分数：25.00）解析：itthem解析 代词误用。结合上下文不难判断出，此处的代词应指代前面的“examinations”，指“许多事情都要通过考试才能解决”。解析：on 解析 介词误用。根据上下文可知，此处要表达的意思是“那些事情都不重要”，count 单独使用时表示“重要，有意义，有价值”。count on 意为“依靠，指望”。故此处

40、应删掉介词 on。解析：youhim解析 代词误用。此处的代词应与前半句话中的 his 和 he 保持代词的前后一致性，故应将 you 改为 him。解析：into 解析 介词误用。enter 在此作及物动词，相当于“come or go into”，原句中的介词into 是多余的，故应删掉。解析：embarkedon解析 词汇错误。embark 单独使用时表示“乘船，登机”，而 embark on 意为“从事，着手，开始做”。结合句意可知，此处应加上介词 on。解析：nothinganything解析 根据上下文可以推测出，作者在此要表达的意思是“考试绝对实现不了这一点”。nothing b

41、ut 意为“只不过，仅仅”，而 anything but 意为“根本不，绝对不”。因此，应将 nothing 改为 anything。解析：restrictto解析 语法错误。根据前半句中的“motive a student to read widely”可知，restrict his reading 和 read widely 是并列结构，因此应在 restrict 前加上介词 to 使其完整。句子大意为“考试并没有促使学生们的广泛阅读，反而限制了他们的阅读范围”。解析：Offof解析 介词误用。本题考查的是 deprive 与介词的搭配，deprive of 意为“剥夺，失去”，故应将 o

42、ff 改为 of。解析：reducingreduced解析 词汇错误。be reduced to 意为“陷入某种不好的状况，沦落到”，为固定搭配。因此，应将 reducing 改为 reduced。解析：of 解析 介词误用。despise 为及物动词，后接表示人或事物的名词，意为“轻视，鄙视”，不用接介词，故删掉介词 of。Usually, there are two reasons to pursue scientific knowledge: for the sake of the knowledge itself, and for the practical use of that k

43、nowledge. Because this second aspect of science effects the lives of most people, 31 it is much more familiar than the first. Knowledge must be gained, however, after it can be applied, and often the most important technological 32 advances arise from research pursued for its own sake. Traditionally

44、, new technology has concerned with the construction 33 of machines, structures, and tools in a relatively large scale. The 34 development of materials for building bridges, skyscrapers or highways is an example of this, as it is the development of the internal-combustion 35 engine and the nuclear r

45、eactor. While such activities involve all sections of the sciences, the overriding goal has been the same, that is, improve 36 the human condition by finding good ways to deal with the macroscopic world. 37 Since World War , the focus of technological activity underwent a major change. While the old

46、 activities are still pursued, they have been largely superseded by applications of technology at the microscopic level. Instead of building large-scale structures and machines, modern-day technology tends to concentrate on finding improving ways to transfer 38 information and to develop new materia

47、ls by studying the way atoms come together. The silicon chip and microelectronics typify this new technological trend, as did the blossoming of genetic engineering. The trend can be 39 expected to continue for the foreseeable decades. 40 （分数：25.00）解析：Effectsaffects解析 易混淆词误用。句中的主语“this second aspect”

48、指代的是上文中的“practical use”。联系上下文可知，谓语动词 effect 不符合原文意思，故应将 effect 改为 affect。解析：afterbefore解析 逻辑关系连接词错误。应用知识的前提是要掌握知识(knowledge must be gained)，因此应将介词 after 改为 before 才符合句子间的逻辑关系。解析：concernedbeen解析 语法错误。concern 作“涉及，有关”讲时，为及物动词。be concerned with 是 concerned 的被动形式，结合现在完成时态可知，应在 concerned 前加上过去分词been。解析：i

49、non解析 固定搭配中介词误用。on a large scale 意为“大规模地”，是固定搭配。解析：it 或 asand 解析 句法错误。原句中的 it 指代的是上文中提到的建桥，盖楼和筑路材料的发展，也是 as 引导的非限定性定语从句中省略的主语部分，因此应删掉 it 或将 as 改成连词 and。解析：improveto解析 语法错误。句中“that is”后的内容是为了进一步补充说明“最主要的目标(the overriding goal)”，此处需用不定式表示目的，因此应在 improve 前加上不定式符合 to。解析：goodbetter解析 篇章理解错误。根据上文中的“improve the human condition”可知，by引导的方式状语隐藏着一个比较的含义，finding better ways 意为“找一些更好的方法”，更符合原文意思，故应将 good 改为 better。解析：improvingimproved解析 分词错误。improve 与 ways 之间应该是被动关系，improved 作为前置定语来修饰名词