大学四级-1108及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1108 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.据称，在你所在的社区将建立一个大型的购物中心；2发表你的意见并说出支持或反对的理由。A Shopping Mall in the Neighborhood（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Genetic TestingGenetic testing is transforming medicine and the way families think about their health. As

2、 science uncovers the complicated secrets of DNA, we face difficult choices and new challenges.About Genetic testingThe year was 1895 and Pauline Gross, a young actress, was scared. Gross knew nothing about the human-genome (基因组，染色体组) projectsuch medical triumphs, but she did know about a nasty dise

3、ase called cancer, and it was running through her family. “Im healthy now,“ she often told Dr. Aldred Warthin from at the University of Michigan, “but I fully expect to die an early death.“At the time, Grosss prediction was based solely on observation: family members had died of cancer; she would, t

4、oo. Today, more than 100 years later, Grosss relatives have a much more clinical option: genetic testing. With a simple blood test; they can peer into their own DNA, learningwhile still perfectly healthywhether they carry an inheritable gene mutation (突变) that has dogged their family for decades and

5、 puts them at serious risk.Take the TestingTesting is a kind of the genomic revolution. A major goal is to create new sophisticated therapies that home in on a diseases biological source, then fix the problem. Already, genes are helping to predict a patients response to existing medications. A prime

6、 example, taken by Dr, Wylie Burke of the University of Washington, is a variant of a gene called TPMT, which can lead to life-threatening reactions to certain doses of chemotherapy (化学疗法). A genetic test can guide safe and appropriate treatment. Two genes have been identified that influence a perso

7、ns response to the anti-blood-clotting drug. And scientists are uncovering genetic differences in the way people respond to other widely used medications, like antidepressants (抗抑郁药).Knowing a patients genotype, or genetic profile, may also help researchers uncover new preventive therapies for stick

8、y diseases. At Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Christopher Ross has tested several compounds shown to slow the progression of Huntingtons in mice. Now he wants to test them in people who are positive for the Huntingtons mutation but have not developed symptomsa novel approach to cli

9、nical drug trials, which almost always involve sick people seeking cures. “Were using genetics to move from treating the disease after it happens,“ he says, “to preventing the worst symptoms of the disease before it happens.“Its not just their own health that people care about. There is also the des

10、ire to get rid of disease from the family tree. Therefore, the future is what drives many adults to the clinic. The gene tests currently offered for certain diseases, like breast cancer, affect only a small percentage of total cases. Inherited mutations contribute to just 5 to 10 percent of all brea

11、st cancers. But the impact on a single life can be huge. The key: being able to do something to ward off disease. “Genetic testing offers us profound insight,“ says Dr. Stephen Gruber, of the University of Michigan. “But it has to be balanced with our ability to care for these patients.“Genetic test

12、ing today starts at the earliest stages of life. Couples planning to have children can be screened prior to conception to see if they are carriers of genetic diseases; prenatal (产前) tests are offered during pregnancy, and states now screen newborns for as many as 29 conditions, the majority of them

13、genetic disorders. For Jana and Tom Monaco, of Woodbridge, Va., early testing has made an enormous difference in the lives of their children. Their journey began in 2001, when their seemingly healthy third child, 3-year-old Stephen, developed a life-threatening stomach virus that led to severe brain

14、 damage. His diagnosis: a rare but treatable disease called isovaleric acidemia (IVA). Unknowingly, Jana and her husband were carriers of the disease, and at the time, IVA was not included in newborn screening. The Monacos had no warning whatsoever.Not Take the TestingGenetic testing, exciting as it

15、 may seem, isnt always the answer. When Wendy Uhlmann, a genetic counselor at the University of Michigan, teaches medical students, she flashes two slides on a screen side by side. One says ignorance is bliss (福佑). The other: knowledge is power. Thats because the value of testing becomes especially

16、ambiguousand ethically complicatedwhen there is no way to prevent or treat disease, as in the case of early-onset Alzheimers, which often strikes before the age of 50, or Huntingtons.Today only about 5 percent of people who are at risk for Huntingtonswhich is caused by a single gene and leads to a p

17、rogressive loss of physical control and mental acuitytake the test. Many are worried that genetic testing will put their health insurance or job security at risk. While there have been few documented cases of discrimination, nobody can say for sure what will happen as more disease genes are discover

18、ed and more Americans sign on for predictive testing. States have a patchwork of regulations in place, but what needs to happen now, experts say, is for Congress to pass the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, which would put a federal stamp of approval on keeping genetic information safe.Mor

19、eover, some people cant live with uncertainty. Stephanie Vogt knew Huntington ran in her familyher grandfather and his three brothers all died of complications of the diseaseand she wanted to find out where she stood. “As soon as I found out there was a test, I just had to do it,“ she says. In Augus

20、t 2000, after comprehensive genetic counseling, Stephanie, her sister, Victoria, and their mother, Gayle Smith, learned her results: positive. “It was like a scene Out of The Matrix, where everything freezes and starts again,“ says Stephanie, now 35 and single.Scientific revolutions must be tempered

21、 by reality. Genes arent the only factors involved in complex diseaseslifestyle and environmental influences, such as diet or smoking, are too. And predictions about new tests and treatments may not come to pass as fast as researchers hopethey may not come at all. Still, its hard not to get excited

22、about the future, especially when you consider the medical competition now underway.（分数：70.00）(1).Pauline Gross felt seared because she thought she would die of _.（分数：7.00）A.strokeB.cancerC.SARSD.AIDS(2).Genetic testing can be used to decide whether a patient has the inheritable gene mutation by pee

23、ring into their _.（分数：7.00）A.blood cellB.lung cellC.liver cellD.DNA(3).The major purpose of genetic testing in medication is to _.（分数：7.00）A.predict the death rate of inheritable diseaseB.predict a patients response to medicationC.find out the biological source and fix the problemD.guide safe and ap

24、propriate treatment(4).What have Christopher Ross experimental results revealed to us?（分数：7.00）A.Those inheritable diseases may be cured through genetic testing.B.Those inheritable diseases may be predicted through genetic testing.C.Those inheritable diseases may be prevented through genetic testing

25、.D.Those inheritable diseases may be controlled through genetic testing.(5).How many people with breast cancer are inherited from family tree?（分数：7.00）A.5 to 10 percent.B.10 percent.C.About 15 percent.D.5 percent.(6).Couples planning to have children can take prenatal genetic tests to know _.（分数：7.0

26、0）A.Whether their babies are genetically healthy or notB.whether they can have a babyC.when their babies will come into the worldD.whether their babies are boy or girl babies(7).According to the passage, what is Wendy Uhlmanns attitude toward genetic testing?（分数：7.00）A.She is indifferent to it.B.She

27、 does not agrees with it at all.C.She has no idea about it.D.She has some doubts about it.(8).Many choose not to take the genetic testing because they worried that it will risk their _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).In August 2000, Stephanie Vogt learned she got the disease of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).From the l

28、ast paragraph, we know many factors involved in complex diseases, such as gene, lifestyle and _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Dana agrees with her.B.Dana likes the food.C

29、.Dana likes to put on weight.D.Dana must be unhappy.A.It is rainy.B.It is sunny.C.It is fine.D.It is cloudy.A.The play is seldom delayed to start.B.The play will start twenty minutes later.C.The newspaper is seldom wrong.D.They probably have to continue to wait.A.He didnt have enough money.B.Radios

30、of all brands were sold out then.C.He couldnt get the right brand of radio.D.The store will sell the radio tomorrow.A.It will take at least three weeks to finish the test.B.The test will be more difficult than they expect.C.They still have time to prepare for it.D.The test will be more difficult tha

31、n they expect.A.Go with the woman for a drink.B.Drink what he has brought with him.C.Continue with his work until lunchtime.D.Ask the woman to get him some soft drink.A.He will write a letter to another company.B.He has received many job offers.C.He hasnt accepted the job offer.D.He will let the wom

32、an have the job.A.She will have a drink while she waits.B.She will help the man with the work.C.She will get some coffee for the man.D.She will go out first and get her car.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Tennis sets.B.Computer and TV set.C.Bookcase a

33、nd book shelf.D.Refrigerator and kitchen stuff.A.Give them to the second and third year students for free.B.Sell them to the second-hand bookshop.C.Advertise them in the student newspaper for sale.D.Advertise them on the university notice boards.A.It may not pay well.B.It may not come on time.C.It m

34、ay not take your goods.D.It may charge the quote.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Love for beauty and a desire to impress other people.B.A desire to express oneself and a display of ones wealthC.Individual taste and love for beauty.D.Individual taste a

35、nd a desire to express oneself.A.They may be homesick and feel insecure.B.They may try to attract other peoples attention.C.They are either cold or sick.D.They want to protect themselves from physical injuries.A.They prefer white.B.They prefer red.C.They prefer yellow.D.They prefer gray.A.Reporter a

36、nd fashion designer.B.Teacher and student.C.Shop assistant and customer.D.Husband and wife.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Solar energy.B.Synthetic fuel.C.Alcohol fuel.D.Electricity power.A.Air traffic conditions.B.Roa

37、d conditions.C.New traffic rules.D.Traffic jams on highways.A.Arrive early for boarding.B.Carry little luggage.C.Undergo security checks.D.Arrive early for boarding.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He feels funny.B.He feels angry.C.He feels excit

38、ed.D.He feels sad.A.The newcomers dont like the new environment shortly after their arrival.B.The newcomers begin to hate the city, the country in the new culture.C.The newcomers begin to enjoy their life more but leave the country.D.The newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and enjoy thei

39、r life.A.The people who had no hobbies in their own culture.B.The people who were not active and successful in their own culture.C.The people who had high position in their own culture.D.The people who never had any difficulties in their own culture.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the p

40、assage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.In the 17th century.B.In the 15th century.C.In the 18th century.D.In the 16th century.A.Because of the beautiful garden in front of it.B.Because of its old style of architecture.C.Because it was at the sea side.D.Because it was the only modern building there.A.

41、To welcome the tourists.B.To make money.C.To keep the tourists away.D.To attract the tourists.A.In order to have more peace.B.In order to earn more money.C.In order to welcome more visitors.D.In order to have a bigger garden.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The need for birth control methods has developed

42、 fairly (36) , with the desire among many women to be able to (37) when they want to have a baby. At the same time there is a growing (38) of the problem of a rapidly increasing world population.This problem of a (39) world population is largely the result of (40) medical skills, which have (41) the

43、 death rate and at the same time raised the birth rate by increasing live births and the number of babies who (42) early childhood. There is a growing (43) that food production cannot keep pace with these increase, the result of which is that in some countries people are already starving to death. T

44、his problem is farther complicated by the fact that in places like America and Europe we obtain by trade and consume far more food and resources like oil than, say, the average India, (44) .World population is rising at rate of two percent a year; this means an addition of 70 million people a year t

45、o the present population of more than 3500 million. (45) . The fastest growing region is Latin America which includes South and Central America and the Caribbean, while Africa and Asia closely follow Latin America. However, (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

46、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The ability to laugh at your own weaknesses and blunders (失误) has long been recognized as a sign of maturity. And yet this is one of the most difficult (47) of your sense of humor to develop.Oscar Wilde once offered a (48

47、) insight about the way we live our lives when he said that “Life is too important to be taken seriously.“ I dont think he meant you dont have to take your (49) , promises, work, etc. seriously. He didnt mean that its OK to live life with no (50) . I think he meant that the quality of our life suffe

48、rs when we (51) everything in a serious manner. We are no longer (52) , cheerful and spontaneous as when we were kids when we take everything so seriously.I think the key here is to take your work and your duties seriously, but take yourself (53) in the process. Otherwise, you will lose many benefits that a (54) attitude and humor can offer.Theres a liberating quality that most people experience when they get to the point that they can laugh at themselves. We get so caught up