大学四级-1262及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1262 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 批评在日常生活中很常见2. 不同的人对待批评的态度不同3. 我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)About Gender DifferencesIt is said that the first thing we ask about a newborn baby is “Is it a boy or a girl?“ But it might be considered that t

2、his is the first thing we ask ourselves whenever we meet anyone new. Perhaps this is why we find it so threatening if the cues are uncertain, and even more so if we find our first assumptions turns out to be incorrect.Men are different from women. That would seem to be self-evident. They are differe

3、nt in ability, skill and behavior, but then, so is every individual person. So why do we make such a fuss about it? It seems not unreasonable to suggest that the sexes are different because their brains are different, but then no two human brains are the same. It is suggested that our culture is in

4、trouble because many women have been brought up to believe they should be as good as men. Well, why not?Why will only touch on these topics briefly? There is enough material for a dozen books. Suffice it to say that all the studies report on the way boys and girls are, not how they got to be that wa

5、y, or rather how they were at the time of the study. Commonality across cultures and species implies some biological basis. The fact that the situation is changing reflects the power of socialization.At SchoolThere are studies about relative abilities of perception, vision, sound and touch. Certainl

6、y, if you watched a carpenter run his fingers along a planed surface and being able to tell how smooth it was, you would find it difficult to believe that boys lack tactile(触觉的) sensitivity.Another is that girls tend to pick up auditory information while boys do better visually. Several studies sugg

7、ested that, from school age on, boys outperformed girls in areas of mathematics involving abstract concepts of space, relationships and theory. The big issue is the difference in the spatial abilities between boys and girls. It seems that boys find it much easier to visualize and deal with spaces, t

8、he position of objects, relative heights and dimensions. In a test involving a three dimensional mechanical device, only a quarter of the girls could perform the task as well as the boys and it isnt recorded if any boys were actually worse.Why are girls more successful at school? Perhaps emphasis on

9、 communication in projects and exams could explain the situation. Success at school nowadays depends on being able to write essays and examination papers. If girls are better at verbal communication than boys, then they are likely to succeed. But, if there are more boys than girls who find difficult

10、y learning at school, does it not imply a serious defect in our educational system?In SportsIn general, men are taller and heavier than women. In sports, men tend to outperform women in strength and speed. Women seem to have greater endurance. In spite of many attempts, sports have never become comp

11、letely intended for both men and women.Yet, for example, running speeds for male and female athletes have improved steadily through the 20th century, but women have improved much more than men. The same is found for, athletics, swimming and cycling. Hence it is predicted that sex differences might d

12、isappear by the middle of the next century. However S.Seiler and S.Sailer, in “The Gender Gap. Elite Women Are Running Further Behind“, point out that, since the date of their studies, the rate of improvement has much reduced. They suggest a correlation with the use of drugs enhancing performance, a

13、nd their more recent prohibition. These have a greater effect on women than they do with men.Biological DifferencesMen, it is said, are generally more aggressive, physically and verbally, and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy “dares“. More men than women are convicted for crimes

14、, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology, others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often they turn out to be very

15、 small differences.Biologicaly, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. Although one would expect there to be an equal chance of the fetus (胎儿) being a boy or girl, it appears that the ratio for boys is about 20 percent higher, yet only about the same number come to term. On average, men experience

16、 heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, and have a better rate of survival after one year. Symptoms also vary by sex: women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more easily to be in

17、fected by viruses and have a shorter average life span.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. Some have raised worries about differences in the effectiveness and side effects of various drugs.Social ConsiderationsHowever, re

18、gardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all, or the pressure to deny them, socially we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.The real problem is not that sex differences exist, but that in our everyday instinct of what sexual or gender behavior is appro

19、priate, our concepts may be too narrow or too rigid. The “biological determinism“ argument, too often, reinforces this.While others now say that there is too much biological evidence to deny the fact of sexual difference, we cannot ignore the effect of learning. To start with, the idea that we are t

20、he helpless products of our heredity (遗传) takes away our free will. We must not allow those who insist on the difference to blind us to the similarities and we must not allow the biological stereotypes to get away with the idea that there is only one kind of man and one kind of woman.As J. Sayers in

21、 Biological Politics puts it: “When one examines these supposedly purely biological accounts of gender roles one finds that they are rooted in appeal to social, not biological, considerations. This is true not only of recent biological analyses of sexual divisions in society but also of the biologic

22、al explanations of these divisions advanced in the 19th century. The similarity between earlier and current versions of the theses that biology is womans destiny is striking.“Relevant FindingsOut of the large number of papers that had been produced up until 1974, about differences between men and wo

23、men, E. E. Maccoby and C. N. Jacklin in The Psychology of Sex Differences found only the following main differences:Males are more aggressive than females.Though this finding has been challenged, and the definition of aggression itself questioned, it is a fairly common feature, both of human culture

24、s and of the more complex species, male children are more likely to engage in play fighting and adults more likely to fight. Many challenge this, while others assert that it is the primary indicator of masculinity and femininity.Females have more verbal ability than males, while males have better vi

25、sual-spatial skills.The distinction seems to appear at about the age of eleven and, because of the relevance to education, it has received a great deal of attention. Although girls and boys seem to have the same ability for computational arithmetic, teenage boys also seem to do better at the more ab

26、stract mathematics. It might seem that a childhood of social experience is the primary factor. However, the biological argument suggests that the hormonal (荷尔蒙的) changes of puberty activate those differences which did not grow in the past.Maccoby and Jacklins 1974 review of the papers on gender and

27、sex differences is the one most often quoted, and it may be that, more than thirty years later, another is urgently needed.（分数：70.00）(1).According to this passage, the idea that men are different from women is _.（分数：7.00）A.questioned by the authorB.certainly trueC.widely deniedD.not commented on(2).

28、As for spatial abilities, _.（分数：7.00）A.men are better than women in visualizing objects.B.men can always defeat women in related tests.C.mens advantages have been scientifically proved.D.men acquire them through much training and practice.(3).According to S. Seiler and S.Sailer, _.（分数：7.00）A.female

29、athletes will have run faster than male ones by the middle of the next century.B.men intend to run faster than women because they are in a more advantageous physical condition.C.women have improved much more in running speed than men because the former seem to have greater endurance.D.the rate of im

30、provement in running speed for female athletes has much reduced since the research began.(4).Men are said to be more aggressive and enjoy taking risks for _.（分数：7.00）A.biological reasonsB.social reasonsC.economic reasonsD.reasons not mentioned in the passage(5).When it comes to the social considerat

31、ions of “gender“, the real problem lies in _.（分数：7.00）A.whether sex differences exist or notB.the pressure to deny sex differencesC.our narrow concepts of what gender behavior is appropriateD.whether biological evidence disproves sex differences(6).According to the author, we shouldnt neglect _ whil

32、e others put too much stress on gender differences.（分数：7.00）A.gender similaritiesB.gender rolesC.the free will of usD.the effect of learning(7).The difference between males and females in visual-spatial skills and verbal ability seems to originate _.（分数：7.00）A.in adulthoodB.in childhoodC.from school

33、 experiencesD.from inborn hormonal conditions(8).It is generally believed that _ are more likely to be successful at school.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).On average, men experience heart attacks _ earlier than women, and have a better rate of survival after one year.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Females have more verb

34、al ability than males, while males have better _ skills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.Borrow the money for the first two months rent.B.Look for a less expensive apartment.C.Ask his landlord to reassure the owners of the apartment.D.Write a letter to

35、 the owner of the apartment.A.It is too late for the man to go to the concert.B.The man must wait for two hours to buy a ticket.C.People have already been standing in line for two hours.D.The man can buy a standing-room ticket tomorrow.A.He turned suddenly and ran into a tree.B.He was hit by a falle

36、n box from a truck.C.He drove too fast and crashed into a truck.D.He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.A.Dr. Smiths class is already full.B.The reserved spaces are for faculty only.C.He will give the student a chance after she waits a while.D.No exceptions can be made with regard to regi

37、stration policy.A.A professor and a student.B.A customer and a cashier.C.An editor and an author.D.A lawyer and his client.A.The woman will stay in New York for six hour.B.She will be here for a quarter.C.She will stay here for about 50 minutes.D.She will stay in New York for 40 minutes.A.Dont use i

38、ce cubes.B.Lose some weight.C.Boil the water first.D.Be nice.A.The announcer should try to sound nervous.B.The woman should get on the plane.C.The plane will land at nine-thirty.D.The woman should not worry.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To take part

39、 in a debate.B.To make an advertisement.C.To sell a new product.D.To have a picnic.A.Providing information people need.B.Reducing the price of the product.C.Reducing production cost by expanding production scale.D.Supporting noncommercial programs with the money they bring in.A.The woman thinks adve

40、rtisements tell us which product is the best.B.The woman thinks advertisements provide information that we need.C.The woman thinks advertisements provide true information about the product.D.The woman thinks people dont have to believe in advertisements.A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Not given.Qu

41、estions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Apartment 20, 16 Rose Lane.B.Apartment 2, 6 Rose Lane.C.Apartment 2, 16 Rose Lane.D.Apartment 2, 60 Rose Lane.A.In June, next year.B.In July, next year.C.In June, two years later.D.In July, two years later.A.The washing m

42、achine has been leaking a little and its beginning to get worse.B.Theres a niggling problem with the cooker.C.The door latch is broken.D.The air conditioner is too noisy.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Many foreign tou

43、rists visit the United States every year.B.Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C.The United States is a country of immigrants.D.Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.A.They can make friends with people from other countries.B.They can get to know people of other cultures and thei

44、r lifestyles.C.They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D.They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.A.The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B.The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C.The mother does the cooking while the father and chi

45、ldren wait on the guests.D.A third cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.National Similarities and Global DifferencesB.World Culture and the Future of SchoolingC.National Differences, Gl

46、obal Similarities: Worm Culture and the Future of SchoolingD.National Similarities, Global Differences: World Culture and the Future of SchoolingA.The book was written by David Baker.B.We can find information on about 15 countries in the book.C.The professors started to write the book in 1994.D.The

47、book compares public education systems around the world.A.Hungary, Malaysia and the Philippines.B.Hungary, Romania and the Philippines.C.Spain, Romania and the Philippines.D.Hungary, Australia and Iraq.A.School violence has nothing to do with the educational system.B.Schools should stop trying to ra

48、ise scores.C.Schools should treat every student equally.D.Schools should divide students into “winners and losers“.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He took them to watch a basketball game.B.He trained them to play European football.C.He let the

49、m compete in getting balls out of a basket.D.He taught them to play an exciting new game.A.The players found the basket too high to reach.B.The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C.The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.D.The players soon found the game boring.A.By removing the bottom of the basket.B.By lowering the position of the basket.C.By simp