大学四级-1279及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1279 及答案解析(总分：787.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing (Part(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.简要说明大学与中学学习的不同之处(自主性、教学方法、学习目标、学习科目等)2. 讲述你在适应新的大学学习环境方面的经验。（分数：1.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Beauty and Body Image in the MediaImages of female bodies are everywhere. Women-and their body parts-sell everything fro

2、m food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Womens magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have it all-the perfect marriage,

3、loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic

4、and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And its no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure theyre all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Womens Health in its 2

5、001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere

6、 between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy

7、 eating habits in women and girls.The American research group Anorexia Nervosa it is a threat to the complex structures that (68) human development,“ says the report. (69) attention must be paid to find a(n) (70) between human and environmental needs, it says.The report, State of the World Populatio

8、n 2001,says that water supplies and agricultural lands are coming (71) such increasing pressure that, if left (72) , our planet will not be able to support us in future years. Over the past 70 years, the worlds population has tripled to 6.1 billion people, (73) water-use increasing six fold, says th

9、e report. Already508 million people live in 31 countries that lack water. And the problem is likely to (74) as the global population is (75) to rise to eight billion by 2025.By 2050, the report predicts, 4.2 billion people will be living in countries that cannot meet peoples daily (76) needs. Unclea

10、n water and poor sanitation already kills over 12 million people every year. Food production is also (77) by environmental problems, says the report.“To (78) the future population and improve their diets, the world will have to double food production,“ it says. “But since available cropland is (79)

11、, most production will have to come from higher (80) rather than new (81) .“According to the report, global poverty cannot be (82) without (83) the environmental damage caused by these increases in consumption and population (84) . To reduce the burden on the planet, the report suggests, all efforts

12、 should be (85) to improve education and healthcare, as ibis would (86) reduce population growth.（分数：300.00）A.facilitiesB.resourcesC.reservesD.sourcesA.supportB.foundC.retainD.advocateA.IntensiveB.IntenseC.EmergentD.UrgentA.equationB.tradeoffC.balanceD.coreA.underB.intoC.belowD.beyondA.unnoticedB.be

13、hindC.aloneD.uncheckedA.inB.withC.byD.aboveA.enhanceB.heightenC.declineD.worsenA.projectedB.speculatedC.intendedD.assessedA.luxuriousB.utmostC.intrinsicD.basicA.affectedB.effectedC.reflectedD.generatedA.containB.lodgeC.furnishD.accommodateA.shrinkingB.decliningC.contractingD.waningA.outputsB.turnove

14、rsC.yieldsD.harvestsA.cultivationB.productionC.farmingD.plowingA.lightenedB.raisedC.elevatedD.easedA.reversingB.invertingC.upsettingD.disregardingA.standardsB.indexesC.normsD.levelsA.triedB.takenC.doneD.madeA.in effectB.in turnC.in partD.by turns十三、Part Translation(总题数：5，分数：35.00)5.When asked about

15、the key to her success, Rowling told the journalist that her parents had played an important role by_(使她在很小的时候就接触文学).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_6.While many people know that money is not the most important thing in the world, I suspect_ (并不是每个人都能抵制住追求金钱的诱惑).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_7._ (只是最近我才意识到 ) that language is clo

16、sely related to culture.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_8.Its time that_(对市中心的交通问题采取措).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_9.She kept her parents in suspense for several days_(才告诉父母她得了奖学金).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_大学四级-1279 答案解析(总分：787.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing (Part(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.简要说明大学与中学学习的不同之处(自主性、教学方法、学习目标、学习科目等)2. 讲述你在适应新的大学学习环境方面的经

17、验。（分数：1.00）_正确答案：(范文评注Dear Zhang Hong，Congratulations on your admission into Renmin University of China 1Here Id like to share with you some of my experience and opinions about college study 2College study differs greatly from high school in the following aspects 3Firstly，university allows students

18、more freedom and expects them to take responsibility for their own decisions，actions and lifestyles 4The second major difference lies in the way of teaching 5We were supposed to memorize a lot in high school while university professors aim to develop studentscritical thinking and practical skillsOf

19、course，different teaching approaches and focuses lead to different learning strategies in universityI remember having a hard time adapting to the new environment in the first semester 6In order to meet the course requirements and deadlines，I set up my own schedule and stick to itWhenever we are to l

20、earn something new，I always ask myself why and howBesides reading and thinking independently，I find discussion quite helpful for better understandingBest wishes for your university study!Yours，Li Ming)解析：1该句为祝贺类信沣的常用句型。2在第一段交待写信目的，符合信件的写作要求。3首句概括段落大意，紧扣提纲。4用 firstly 引出第一点不同：大学给予学生更多自由；学生需对自已的行为负责。5第

21、二点不同用 the second major difference lies in 引出，增加了语言难度，使表达方式更加多样化。6用 remember doing 的袁达方式引出个人经历，结合提纲讲述自己在大学学习方面的经验，二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Beauty and Body Image in the MediaImages of female bodies are everywhere. Women-and their body parts-sell everything from food to cars. Popular film an

22、d television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Womens magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have it all-the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and

23、 a rewarding career.Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are

24、 assured of growth and profits. And its no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure theyre all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Womens Health in its 2001 report. And, according to t

25、he industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S

26、.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and gir

27、ls.The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control-including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (泻药) abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin

28、is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Womens Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9-

29、 to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,“ indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 year sol

30、d have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way.Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the ma

31、gazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight. “Unattainable BeautyPerhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer

32、 model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhe

33、a (慢性腹泻) and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie),estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll.Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can su

34、ffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder. The Culture of ThinnessResearchers report that womens magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do

35、, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearanceby diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery.Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a womans worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts

36、 reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?“), and 80 percent of these ne

37、gative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck(抵制，反抗) the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chattelaine has pledged not to touch up photos

38、 and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the worlds biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a

39、laser beam is used to measure real life womens bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. EthicsAnother issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects

40、of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines“ found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream womens magazines from 1999 to 2004.Self-Improvement or Self-Destruction?The barrage of message

41、s about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary“ women that they are always in need of adjustment-and that the female body is an object to be perfected.Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real womens bodies have become invisibl

42、e in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “

43、effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate./（分数：14.00）(1).Womens magazines are full of articles to urge women to_.（分数：2.00）A.eat less sweet foodB.lose weight C.marry a rich husbandD.have at least two kids解析：线索词 womens magazines，urge定位处 首段最后一句。解析 首段最后一句提到，女性杂

44、志宣称，只要能再减掉最后的二十镑，女性就能够拥有一切美好的事物，故可知正确答案为 B。(2).The cosmetic and diet product industries gain profits by_.（分数：2.00）A.exaggerating the goodness about their productsB.targeting at children and femalesC.presenting an ideal image difficult to achieve D.distributing free samples from home to home解析：线索词 co

45、smetic and diet product industries，profits定位处 第二段第三句。解析 该句指出，通过塑造一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业就必然能够得到发展和获得利润，故选 C。(3).Canadian Womens health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls_.（分数：2.00）A.at age 5 or 6 B.at age 9 or 10C.at age 13 or 14D.at age 16 or 17解析：线索词 Canadian

46、 Womens health Networkweight control measures定位处 第四段第二句。解析 该句提到，加拿大女性健康网提醒人们说，目前连五六岁的小女孩都开始控制体重，故正确答案为 A。(4).In 2003, Teen magazine reported that _percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight.（分数：2.00）A.35 to 50B.50C.50 to 70 D.90解析：线索词 2003，Teen magazine，normal weight girls定位处 第四段倒数第二

47、句。解析 该句指出，2003 年青少年杂志报道称，有 50%70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重，故正确答案为 C。(5).Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would（分数：2.00）A.suffer from heart diseaseB.be very popular with malesC.live a more rewarding lifeD.die from malnutrition 解析：线索词 a real woman，Barbiedoll proportions定位处 第六段第二、三句

48、。解析 该段提到，研究人员按照芭比娃娃的身材比例开发出了一个女性计算机模型，结果发现如果一个女人的身材真是那样的话，她将会患上慢性腹泻并最终死于营养不良，由此可知，正确答案为 D。(6).Television and movies emphasize that a womans worth can be judged by_.（分数：2.00）A.the cosmetics she usesB.the jewelry she wearsC.the thinness of her body D.the wealth of her husband解析：线索词 television and movies，a womans worth，be judged by定位处 第九段首句。解析 该句指出，电视和电影也强化了纤瘦身材的重要性，把它当作衡量女性价值的一个标准，C 项中的 the thinness of her body 与文中的 a thin body 属同义转述，故为正确答案。(7).Spain has recently und