大学四级-1380及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1380 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前，垃圾短信给人们的生活带来了许多的麻烦与困扰；2. 这种现象产生的原因；3. 如何解决这个问题。My View on Spam Message（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Circulation of EuroOn January 1,2002, the Euro (欧元)became the single currency of 12 member states of the

2、European Union. This will make it the second largest currency in the world (the U. S. dollar being the largest). It will also be the largest currency event in the history of the world. Twelve national currencies will disappear and be replaced by the Euro.The original seed was planted in 1946 when Wi

3、nston Churchill suggested the creation of the “United States of Europe“. His goals were primarily political, in that he hoped a unified government would bring about peace for a continent that had been torn apart by two world wars.Then, in 1952, six west-European countries took Churchills suggestion

4、and created the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). These resources were quite strategic to the power of each country, so a requirement of the ECSC was that each country allows their resources to be controlled by an independent authority. Their goal, just as Churchill had intended, was to help

5、 prevent military conflict between France and Germany.In 1957, the Treaty of Rome was signed, declaring the goal of creating a common European market. It was signed by France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.After many false starts, the process of creating the Euro got its r

6、eal start in 1989, when the Delors Report was published by Jacques Delors, President of the European Commission. This important report outlined a three-stage transition plan that would create a single European currency.Economically, the Euros advantages include:Elimination of exchange-rate fluctuati

7、ons-Any time either a consumer or a business made a commitment to buy something in a different country in the future (at future prices.), they stood the chance of paying much more (or less) than they had planned. The Euro eliminates the fluctuations of currency values across certain borders.Price tr

8、ansparency-Being able to easily tell if a price in one country is better than the price in another is also a big benefit, both for consumers and businesses. With price equalization (平等化) across borders, businesses have to be more competitive, pricing still varies, but consumers can more easily spot

9、a good deal-or a bad one.Transaction costs-This is particularly helpful for tourists and others who cross several borders during the course of a trip. Before, they had to exchange their money as they entered each new country. The costs of all of these exchanges added up significantly. With the Euro,

10、 no exchanges are necessary within the Euroland countries.Increased trade across borders-The price transparency, elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations, and the elimination of exchange-transaction costs ail contribute to an increase in trade across borders of ail the Euroland countries.Increased

11、cross-border employment-Not only can business be conducted across borders more easily, but people are more easily employable across borders. With a single currency, it is less difficult for people to cross into the next country to work, because their salary is paid in the same currency they use in t

12、heir own country.Simplified billing-Billing for services, products, or other types of payments are simplified with the Euro.Expanding markets for business-Business can expand more easily into neighboring countries. Rather than having to set up separate accounting systems, banks, etc. for transaction

13、s in countries other than their native one, the Euro makes it simple to operate from a single central accounting office and use a single bank.Financial market stability-On a larger scale, the financial and stock exchanges can list every financial instrument in Euros rather than in each nations unit

14、of money. This has further meanings in that it promotes trade with less restriction internationally, as well as strengthens the European financial markets. Banks can offer financial products (loans, CDs, etc.) to countries throughout Euroland.Macroeconomic (整体经济) stability-Because of the European Ce

15、ntral Bank (ECB), introduction of the Euro also helps to lower (and control) inflation among the EU countries.Lower interest rate-Because of the decreased exchange-rate risk, the Euro encourages lower interest rates. In the past, additional interest was charged to cover the risk of the exchange-rate

16、 fluctuation. This risk is gone with the introduction of the Euro.Structural reform for European economies-The participation requirements of the Euro pushed many EU member states who wanted to participate to get their economies in shape and improve their economic growth. With the requirements of the

17、 Stability and Growth Pact, they will also have to maintain that control in the future, or face fines.While there are many advantages to the. Euro, there are also some disadvantages. The cost of transitioning 12 countries currencies over to a single currency could in itself be considered a disadvant

18、age. Billions were spent not only producing the new currency, but in changing over accounting systems, software, printed materials, signs, vending machines, parking meters, phone booths, and every other type of machine that accepts currency. In addition, there were hours of training necessary for em

19、ployees, managers, and even consumers. Every government from national to local had impact costs of the transition. This enormous task required many hours of organization, planning, and implementation, which fell on the shoulders of government agencies.The chance of economic shock is another risk tha

20、t comes along with the introduction of a single currency. On a macro-economic level, fluctuations have in the past been controllable by each country. With their own national currencies, countries could adjust interest rates to encourage investments and large consumer purchases. The Euro makes intere

21、st-rate adjustments by individual countries impossible, so this form of recovery is lost. Interest rates for ail of Euroland are controlled by the European Central Bank.They could also devalue their currency in an economic downturn by adjusting their exchange rate. This devaluation (贬值) would encour

22、age foreign purchases of their goods, which would then help bring the economy back to where it needed to be. Since there is no longer an individual national currency, this method of economic recovery is also lost. There is no exchange-rate fluctuation for individual Euro countries.A third way they c

23、ould adjust to economic shocks was through adjustments in government spending, such as unemployment and social welfare programs. In times of economic difficulty, when layoffs increase and more citizens need unemployment benefits and other welfare funding, the governments spending increases to make t

24、hese payments. This puts money back into the economy and encourages spending, which helps bring the country out of its recession.Because of the Stability and Growth Pact, governments are restricted to keeping their budget deficits within the requirements of the pact. This limits their freedom in spe

25、nding during economically difficult times, and limits their effectiveness in pulling the country out of a recession.In addition to the chance of economic shock within Euroland countries, there is also the chance of political shock. The lack of a single voice to speak for all Euro countries could cau

26、se problems and tension among participants. There will always be the potential risk that a member country could collapse financially and adversely affect the entire system.（分数：70.00）(1).On January 1, 2002, the Euro_.（分数：7.00）A.became the largest currency in the worldB.turned out to be the biggest ev

27、ent in historyC.took the place of 12 national currenciesD.became the most popular currency in the world(2).What marked the critical moment for the creation of the Euro?（分数：7.00）A.The United States of Europe.B.The European Coal and Steel Community.C.The Treaty of Rome.D.The Delors Report.(3).What wil

28、l happen if price becomes equal in different countries?（分数：7.00）A.Competition will increase in businesses.B.Consumers go to other countries to purchase.C.Countries adjust their foreign business policies.D.The value of the Euro varies in different countries.(4).Why is it easy for people to work in ot

29、her member counties when the Euro became the single currency?（分数：7.00）A.Because people are more easily employable in other countries.B.Because the salary can be paid in the same currency.C.Because the same business is conducted in other countries.D.Because different countries adopt the same employme

30、nt policy.(5).Since Euros are used in the European membership countries,_.（分数：7.00）A.international trade promotion has been restrictedB.the unit of money in each country has been improvedC.the European financial markets has. been strengthenedD.financial products have expanded to cover more items(6).

31、How does the Euro influence the interest rates?（分数：7.00）A.The use of Euros lowers the interest rates.B.The use of Euros adds the interest rates.C.The use of Euros keeps the interest rates unchanged.D.The use of Euros removes the interest rates.(7).The transition to the use of Euros can be_.（分数：7.00）

32、A.finished by the cooperation of 12 countriesB.taken rather by the governments than common peopleC.the chance to improve the original city facilitiesD.a burden to all the countries involved(8).With the use of the Euro, interest rates are adjusted not by the individual countries but by_.（分数：7.00）填空项

33、1:_(9).The method of economic recovery by currency devaluation is lost without_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Without individual national currencies, countries lost the ability to adjust to economic ups and downs through_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Question

34、s 11 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：56.00）A.He doesnt have to.B.Hes sick.C.His boss doesnt want him to.D.Hes going to play golf.A.They thought that the game was unsatisfactory.B.The man thought the game was excellent.C.They enjoyed every minute of it.D.The man thought the ga

35、me was excellent but his brother didnt.A.The new apartment is cheaper.B.She likes to listen to the radio.C.She needs a quieter place.D.The present one is too expensive.A.A reporter.B.A teacher.C.A librarian.D.An accountant.A.On foot.B.By car.C.By bus.D.By bicycle.A.There are two buses every day.B.Th

36、e train is cheaper than the bus.C.The bus is cheaper than the train.D.The train is faster than the bus.A.He is interested in her ideas.B.He will accept a late paper from her.C.He will not accept a late paper from herD.He wants her to hand in her paper immediately.A.He wants to go shopping.B.He is to

37、o tired.C.He is going to teach a foreign student.D.He is going to learn English.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Hes explaining the language laboratory.B.He wants to know Where the tapes are.C.Hes showing her a new tape recorder.D.Hes recording her voi

38、ce on a tape.A.It needs to have more French lesson tapes.B.It needs to have its controls repaired.C.It is different from all the other laboratories.D.It can be operated rather easily.A.Change her class schedule.B.Fill out a job application.C.Organize tapes on the shelves.D.Work on the French lessons

39、.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To get medical treatment.B.To take a final exam.C.To find out the exam schedule.D.To get an extension for a paper.A.He has been ill.B.He hasnt yet found a topic.C.He was busy studying for the exam.D.He didnt know the d

40、eadline.A.More days will be given.B.He can hand in the paper next term.C.He has to study the course again.D.He must hand in the paper as scheduled.A.Send a copy to professor Brown.B.See Dean Williams later.C.Ask the doctor to sign his form.D.Visit his professor.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One

41、Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.9 percent.B.15 percent.C.90 percent.D.150 percent.A.They must pay more than out-of-state students.B.Only a few are accepted.C.They are not eligible for scholarships.D.Their scholarships are very small.A.More jobs are availab

42、le for graduates.B.More funds re used to sponsor colleges.C.Students with a liberal arts degree may expect to earn.D.Public colleges did not increase their tuition.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.By making comfortable clothes.B.By predicting new

43、 fashion.C.By constantly changing the fashions.D.By improving the quality of the clothes.A.Cleverness to save money.B.A waste of time.C.Eyes for beauty.D.A waste of energy.A.The beauty of clothing.B.The comfort of clothing.C.The suitability of clothing.D.The cost of clothing.Passage ThreeQuestions 3

44、2 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Only 60 percent.B.Only 40 percent.C.Only 32 percent.D.Only 20 percent.A.Residential areas.B.The garage.C.Parking lots.D.The front of the house.A.By breaking into the car.B.By gaining access to the unlocked car.C.By copying the key of t

45、he car.D.By stealing the key from the owners house.A.It might be used in other crimes. such as robberies.B.It might get damaged in an accident.C.It might be sold secretly.D.It might be returned by the thief.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Among the most popular books being written today are those which a

46、re usually classified as science fiction. It is a broad type of fiction that often involves (36) based on current or future science or (37) . Science fiction is found in books, art, television, films, games, theater, and other media. Hundreds of (38) are published every year and read by all kinds of

47、 people. (39) , some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. Most of the (40) of science fiction, however, have been written within the last one hundred years. Books by writers, such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to (41) just two well-known authors,

48、 have been translated into many languages. Modem science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars of space (42) stories. It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in (43) , but its origin can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. (44) , a theme which is st

49、ill found in modem-stories. (45) ; or in imaging future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this, their writing has obvious political meaning. (46) , the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项