大学四级-1420及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1420 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.校园里谈恋爱已经变得很普遍2.校园里谈恋爱会引起许多问题3.作为一名大学生，你怎么看（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Swearing WorksWe all know what “bad words“ are. Unlike most other language rules, we learn about swearwords and how to use them withou

2、t any real study or classroom instruction. Even very young children know which words are naughty, although they dont always know exactly what those words mean.But swearwords arent quite as simple as they seem. Theyre paradoxical-saying them is taboo in nearly every culture, but instead of avoiding t

3、hem as with other taboos, people use them. Most associate swearing with being angry or frustrated, but people swear for a number of reasons and in a variety of situations.Origin and Varieties of SwearwordsVirtually every language in every culture in the world has its own unique swearwords. Even diff

4、erent dialects of the same language can have different expletives. The very first languages probably included swearwords, but since writing evolved after speaking did, theres no record of who said the first swearword or what that word was. Because of the taboos surrounding it, written language histo

5、ries also include few records of the origins of swearing. Even today, many dictionaries dont include profanity, and comparatively few studies have examined swearing.Most researchers agree that swearing came from early forms of word magic. Studies of modern, non-literate cultures suggest that swearwo

6、rds came from the belief that spoken words have power. Some cultures, especially ones that have not developed a written language, believe that spoken words can curse or bless people or can otherwise affect the world. This leads to the idea that some words are either very good or very bad.In the West

7、ern, English-speaking world, people from every race, class and level of education swear. In America, 72 percent of men and 58 percent of women swear in public. The same is true for 74 percent of 18 to 34 year olds and 48 percent of people who are over age 55. Numerous language researchers report tha

8、t men swear more than women, but studies that focus on womens use of language theorize that womens swearing is simply more context specific, So why do so many people swear? Well look at how swearing works in relationships and social interactions next.Why People SwearIn early childhood, crying is an

9、acceptable way to show emotion and relieve stress and anxiety. As children, (especially boys) grow up, Western society discourages them from crying, particularly in public. People still need an outlet for strong emotions, and thats where swearing often comes in.A lot of people think of swearing as a

10、n instinctive response to something painful and unexpected (like hitting your head on an open cabinet door) or something frustrating and upsetting (like being stuck in traffic on the way to a job interview). This is one of the most common uses for swearing, and many researchers believe that it helps

11、 relieve stress and blow off steam, like crying does for small children.Beyond angry or upset words said in the heat of the moment, swearing does a lot of work in social interactions. In the past, researchers have theorized that men swear to create a masculine identity and women swear to be more lik

12、e men. More recent studies, however, theorize that women swear in part because they are emulating women they admire.In addition, the use of particular expletives can. Establish a group identity Establish membership in a group and maintain the groups boundaries Express solidarity with other people Ex

13、press trust and intimacy (mostly when women swear in the presence of other women) Add humor, emphasis or “shock value“ Attempt to camouflage a persons fear or insecurityPeople also swear because they feel they are expected to or because swearing has become a habit. But it doesnt mean its socially ac

14、ceptable or even legal just because swearing plays all these roles. In the next sections, well look at social and legal responses to swearing.Social Responses to SwearingAll languages have swearwords, but the words that are considered expletives and the social attitudes toward them change over time.

15、 In many languages, words that used to be taboo are now commonplace and other words have taken their place as obscenities. In American English, the words currently considered to be the most vulgar and offensive have existed for hundreds of years. Their designation as obscenities, however, took place

16、 largely during and after the 1800s. In fact, the use of the word “dirty“ to describe words arose in the 19th century, as did the word “profanity“.Most languages also have a hierarchy of swearwords some words are mildly offensive ,while others are nearly unspeakable. This hierarchy usually has more

17、to do with a societys attitude toward the word than what the word actually means. Some words that describe extremely vulgar acts arent thought of as swearwords at all. In English-speaking countries, however, many people avoid using racial slurs to swear for fear of appearing racist. Women also tend

18、to avoid the use of expletives that relate to the female sexual anatomy out of the belief that the words contain an element of sexism.Western society generally views swearing as more appropriate for men than for women. Women who swear appear to violate more societal taboos than men who swear. People

19、 also tend to judge women more harshly than men for their use of obscenities. Society in general can also make moral judgments about women who swear and use non-standard English. In general, women also believe swearwords are more powerful and express more guilt about using them than men do.Swearing

20、and the LawJust as cultures have different attitudes toward swearing and people who swear, they also have different laws governing peoples use of expletives. The Constitution of the United States guarantees that people have the right to freedom of speech in the First Amendment. The First Amendment a

21、pplies specifically to Congress and the federal government, including the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Courts generally interpret that it also applies to state governments.So at first glance, it seems like people should be able to swear whenever they want and wherever they want because o

22、f their First Amendment rights. However, constitutional law can be tricky, and a wealth of court cases has led to a wide variety of judgments surrounding swearing. Obscenity generally falls into the category of unprotected speech speech that is exempt from to the First Amendment rule. Other types of

23、 unprotected speech include: Language that incites people to violence or illegal activity Libel and defamation Threats False advertisingThe unprotected speech exclusion is one of the reasons why the FCC can create and enforce decency rules for broadcast television and radio.In addition to obscenity,

24、 court cases have examined the use of swearing in the contexts of inciting people to violence, defamation and threats. They have generally ruled that the government does not have the right to prevent blasphemy against a specific religion or to prosecute someone solely for the use of an expletive. On

25、 the other hand, they have upheld convictions of people, who used profanity to incite riots, harass people or disturb the peace.The First Amendment doesnt generally apply to private organizations, and it has significantly less influence over businesses and schools. Courts frequently rule that organi

26、zations have the right to set and enforce their own standards of behavior and judgment. In addition, numerous sexual harassment cases have involved reports of swearing, and some courts have ruled that it creates a hostile environment and constitutes harassment.（分数：70.00）(1).Why are the origins of sw

27、earing seldom recorded in written language histories?（分数：7.00）A.Because writing evolved after speaking.B.Because of the taboos surrounding it.C.Because of the varieties of swearwords.D.Because few studies have examined swearing.(2).According to researches that concentrate on womens use of languages,

28、 womens swearing _.（分数：7.00）A.is more common than mensB.is more often used by the people over 55C.is more context specificD.is more popular among the educated(3).Why do women swear according to some recent studies?（分数：7.00）A.Because they want to be more like man.B.Partly because they want to imitate

29、 women they admire.C.Mainly because they try to create a masculineD.Because they think its cool.(4).In American English, the most vulgar and offensive words were designated as obscenities _.（分数：7.00）A.before and after 18th centuryB.largely before the 1800sC.four hundred years agoD.during and after t

30、he 19th century(5).Generally, people in western society tend to _.（分数：7.00）A.believe that every one should swear when necessaryB.believe swearwords are more powerful and express more guiltC.view swearing more suitable for men than for womenD.view it immoral to use swearwords for women(6).According t

31、o the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, American people _.（分数：7.00）A.swear whenever and wherever they wantB.have the right to the liberty of speechC.have no right to obscenityD.can not use swearing words under any circumstance(7).In a lot of court cases, obscenity is usually

32、classified as _.（分数：7.00）A.unprotected speechB.illegal activityC.speech protected by the First AmendmentD.false advertising(8).Many researchers believe, like crying does for small children, swearing helps _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).One of the reasons why the FCC can create and enforce decency rules for b

33、roadcast and radio is _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Generally, the First Amendment doesnt apply to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.A new restaurant.B.A new hotel.C.A new hospital.D.A new library.A.It was a waste of time.B.It was exciting.C.It was disappoin

34、ting.D.It was expensive.A.Student and teacher.B.Doctor and Patient.C.Classmates.D.Sister and brother.A.The man supported the womans proposal this morning.B.The womans back hurt during the meeting.C.The womans proposal was sent back.D.The mans support would have helped this morning.A.He could ask Mr.

35、 Blake for the Smiths phone number.B.He would give the Smiths a phone call.C.He should invite the Smiths instead of Mr. Blake.D.He should invite Mr. Blake as well as the Smiths.A.Apply for the job.B.Spend his pocket money.C.Eat at the fast-food restaurant.D.Hire part-time waiters.A.She should move t

36、o another place.B.The neighbors probably wont turn down the music.C.The neighbors will play different music.D.He doesnt think the music is particularly loud.A.They are discussing how to celebrate the coming Christmas holidays.B.They are discussing whether the woman should buy the new dress.C.They ar

37、e discussing when the woman will attend the meeting.D.They are discussing what to do after the Christmas holidays.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The relationship between farmers, Ward and Sears.B.The development of the catalog sales business.C.The re

38、lationship between the catalog and textbooks.D.The story of Chicago retailer.A.Because he wanted to beat Ward.B.Because he wanted to help his brother Ward.C.Because he thought this business was profitable.D.Because he enjoyed competition in this business.A.Farmers.B.City people.C.Business people.D.S

39、tudents.A.It helped students with spelling and adding.B.It helped students become familiar with a variety of goods.C.Students might order things from the catalog.D.Schools were short of textbooks at that time.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Skiing.B.S

40、kating.C.Swimming.D.Jogging.A.The top of the hill.B.The gentle slope of the hill.C.The foot of the hill.D.The side of the hill.A.She should keep leaning forward.B.She should cross.C.She should go step by step like a crab.D.She should point the tips together.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One Que

41、stions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Children dont get enough education in safety.B.Children are keen on dangerous games.C.The playgrounds are in poor condition.D.The playgrounds are overcrowded.A.They should help maintain the equipment.B.They should keep a watchf

42、ul eye on their children.C.They should stop their children from climbing ladders.D.They should teach their children how to use the equipment.A.They tend to stay within shouting or running distance of their parents.B.They should be aware of the potential risks in the playground.C.They may panic in fr

43、ont of high playground equipment.D.They can be creative when they feel secure.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Because they have a driving license.B.Because they have received special training.C.Because the traffic conditions in London are good.D

44、.Because the traffic system of the city is not very complex.A.Two to four months.B.About three weeks.C.At least half a year.D.Two years or more.A.Government officers are hard to please.B.The learner has to go through several tough tests.C.The learner usually fails several times before he passes it.D

45、.The driving test usually lasts two months.A.They dont want their present bosses to know what theyre doing.B.They want to earn money from both jobs.C.They cannot earn money as taxi drivers yet.D.They look forward to further promotion.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have

46、just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The Washington Federation of Teachers.B.The National Labor Union.C.The American Federation of Teachers.D.The Washington Labor Union.A.The influence from Asian countries.B.The growing competition from foreign students.C.The growing competition for entrance into top universities

47、.D.The teachers need of extra income.A.The Federal government.B.Students.C.The school.D.The Teachers Association.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The World Health Organization says people need more information about how to (36) use traditional medicines. The W.H.O. now has guidelines to suggest ways for p

48、ublic health officials to develop that information. The health agency is part of the United Nations.Up to eighty percent of people in (37) countries depend on traditional medicines. More and more people in (38) countries use them too. But the W.H.O. notes that just because products are natural does

49、not always mean they are safe. It says reports of bad reactions have increased (39) in the last few years.In China, for example, about ten-thousand harmful drug reactions were reported in 2002. There were just four-thousand (40) reported between 1990 and 1999. Traditional medicines are made from plants, animal products and (41) . The health agency says they remai