大学四级-1508及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1508 及答案解析(总分：721.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1. A Motivation Speech1大学新生应尽早订立明确的学习与人生目标2确立目标的重要性3如何订立远大、合理的目标（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Superboost Your MemoryI hate it when I forget where I put my car key, or the name of someone I worked with for ten years

2、, or the title of a movie I saw last night. Its frustrating and increasingly common as I turned 50. Sound familiar?Whether it is forgotten names, misplaced keys, missed appointments or simply not being able to recall something that you know, experts say we dont have to put up with forgetfulness, and

3、 it has nothing to do with age. We can have a great memory well into our 80s and beyond, but only if you are willing to invest some time and energy. “Your memory declines with age only if its not used,“ insists Tony Buzan, a leading expert on memory, who is 61 and says his memory is better than ever

4、. “But you have to work at it.“ The bonus? A better quality of life in your senior years. Research has shown that seniors with a sharp memory and an alert mind are more socially active and participate in a broader range of activities, which in turn helps maintain brainpower and memory in the process

5、.Remarkable Human CapacityBuzans interest in memory was first aroused at the University of British Columbia in 1960. On the first day of classes, his English professor recited from memory the entire class list-plus the students addresses and phone numbers. (Yes, really.)Indeed, so remarkable is the

6、human capacity for recall that some people have trained themselves to remember the order of playing cards in ten shuffled decks (十副洗乱的牌), 1,000 random digits and 99 new names and faces. These are the mental equivalents of superathletes, and many compete in the annual World Memory Championship. Launc

7、hed by Buzan in 1991, it has become so popular that the championship has sprung up in countries everywhere.Mnemonic TechniquesWhile most of us wont need to memorize the order of ten decks of cards, having a reliable memory is important, not only in our personal lives but professionally. So what do t

8、he memory champs know that we forgetful people dont? Mnemonics, thats what. Pronounced ne-MON-iks and rooted in Greek mythology (Mnemosyne was the goddess of memory), these are proven techniques for remembering everything, including names, lists, facts and numbers. And you dont have to be brilliant

9、nor study for years to see the results. Once you understand the basics and use them regularly, youll be on your way to having a better memory and probably faster than you think.There are dozens of mnemonic techniques, but they all boil down to two things: imagination and association, what Buzan call

10、s “the pillars of brain function“. Since the brain has difficulty remembering abstract symbols, like names and numbers, the key is to make them memorable by attaching vivid images to them.Henry Evans, a 40-year-old owner of a busy restaurant, learned this simple lesson during a one-day memory course

11、 he took to help him remember customers names. It worked. “For example, there was one woman who kept coming in, and I could never remember ff her name was Deb or Cathy,“ says Evans. “After I took the course, I started picturing a web over her head - a web over Deb. I never forgot her name again.“So

12、even though one of the easiest ways to improve memory may sound obvious, its important. The most common reason healthy adults forget is that they fail to focus. Distractibility can account for memory problem no matter what your age.Working in our favor, say the experts, is the fact that the mind nat

13、urally strives to make connections between things that arent naturally associated. Harnessing this natural tendency, then exaggerating the image using your imagination so its unforgettable, is the key to memory.Roman Room SystemOne of the most popular techniques is the Roman Room System (the Romans

14、developed their own mnemonic techniques based on Greek research). Its helpful because, after names and faces, forgetting objects is one of the biggest categories of forgetfulness. The idea is to use the rooms in your house or sites in your neighborhood - anything you know really well - as links on w

15、hich to mentally hang things you want to remember.Lets say you dont want to forget three things you need to pick up: flour, milk and bread. Picture walking through your front door and theres flour thrown all over the shoes on the rack. Proceed to your living room and imagine milk spilled on your Per

16、sian carpet. Continue down the hall and picture slices of bread glued on the wall. The more ridiculous the images, the quicker the recall. Once you have done this, take a mental walk-through of your home to help with the memorization process. Since these elaborate pictures - which you. create in sec

17、onds - have sprung from your own imagination, they are much harder to forget.The Brain Functions in Recall ProcessScientists dont known for sure how the process for recall occurs in the brain, but American psychologist Roger Sperry established in 1981 that two sides of the brain deal with different

18、functions. The right side focuses on pattern recognition, music, emotion and creativity, while the left deals with order, sequence, logic and language. The study of music helps the study of math, for example, and the study of rhythm helps the study of languages. Now scientists know that the more peo

19、ple use both sides of their brain, the more each benefits the other. And a person with an excellent memory uses both sides of the brain.The way memory works is complex, still an emerging science.What happens in my brain if I run into a woman in the grocery store whose name I cant recall? The experts

20、 explain: Seeing this woman activates my hippocampus, the brains command center for creating new memories. It immediately begins to form impressions based on the womans characteristics, such as hair color, height, clothing and manners.To look for any of these same impressions, the hippocampuss neuro

21、ns (神经元) - tiny nerve cells that act as transmitters - start connecting and activating other teams of neurons located in my cortex (大脑皮层),where long-term memories are stored.Together they search for any stored pieces of information on the woman. If her name cant be located, other regions of cortex w

22、ill be called into service. Theyll go back to my hippocampus to brainstorm together, and hopefully come up with the womans name. If they dont, its time for me to work on my memory-boosting techniques a bit more.A Few More TipsOne of the most critical factors for a good memory is first believing its

23、possible. But we tend to be psychologically self-defeating. Remembering names is the perfect example of defeatist we can be. How many times have you heard someone say, “Im so bad with names“? Most people give up even trying to remember names because they figure they cant. The following are the trick

24、s suggested by the memory-experts:Decide you actually want to remember someones name.Get the name right. Listen to it, look at the persons face and say the name to yourself, creating a mental connection.Remember the face and look closely for distinguishing features. If a Carol you meet has an angeli

25、c face, frame her in your mind with a halo (光环), or think, “Christmas Carol“ (圣诞颂歌).Picture the person in another setting. Imagine them on a beach or swinging from a tree.Rhyme the name, if possible.It also helps to make connections between unconnected thing. Next time you park your car in a busy lo

26、t, create an image of the surrounding environment. This will create a memorable map with your car fixed in it.Ever since I started learning about mnemonics and paying attention to what I want to remember, Ive noticed a huge improvement. I especially like to use Roman Room system, which has greatly s

27、hrunk my dependence on reminder notes. The experts are right: Its really not that hard to remember things once you know how. Sure, writing a list doesnt take long, but nowadays - just in seconds - Im giving my brain cells some essential exercise.（分数：70.00）(1).The purpose of this passage is to illust

28、rate the human brains incredible capacity for memory.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Tony Buzan is the founder of the annual World Memory Championship, which has become increasingly popular over the past decade.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The author tells the story of Henry Evans imagining a web over the head of an cus

29、tomer to illustrate the use of a basic mnemonic technique.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).In almost every country, whenever people are asked what is the main problem with their brains, memory is their No. I answer.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Roman Room System is a most popular technique that is particularly helpful for

30、 the memory of such abstract symbols as words, names and numbers.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The right side of brain deals with pattern recognition, music, arts, emotion and languages, while the left deals with math, logic, sequence and order.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).One critical reason that many people find it

31、hard to memorize names is their lack of confidence in it.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).In many cases, our memory declines as we grow old, but it is still possible for seniors to maintain a good memory with _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Almost all mnemonic techniques for memorizing abstract symbols work on the princip

32、le of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Hippocampus, the brains command center for creating memories, plays a vital role in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She doesnt plan to contin

33、ue studying in the university next year.B.She recently visited a different university.C.She already told the man about her plans.D.She isnt planning to transfer to a different university.A.She thinks its too late anyway.B.She thinks he should wait a minute.C.She thinks he should do things early.D.Sh

34、e thinks there might still be a chance even if it is last minute.A.Take the class over again.B.Take the class this semester.C.Get permission to take the class.D.Register for the class next semester.A.Try not to think about her audience.B.Practice her presentation in front of him.C.Find out who her a

35、udience will be tomorrow.D.Let him attend her presentation in class tomorrow.A.They can order for a delivery.B.They should call off the order.C.They can order in advance and pick it up.D.They can call in advance and then eat there.A.She needed the notes last week.B.The man can return her notes after

36、 the exam.C.Shell have enough time to prepare for the exam.D.The man wont need to study the notes for the exam.A.Boss and Secretary.B.Wife and Husband.C.Salesman and customer.D.Taxi driver and passenger.A.Dr. Turner often gives quizzes.B.She didnt expect to have a quiz today.C.She doesnt know anythi

37、ng about the quiz either.D.She didnt know Dr. Turners lecture would be so interesting.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Two hundred dollars.B.Three hundred dollars.C.Two thousand dollars.D.Three thousand dollars.A.To buy some national debt.B.To open a s

38、avings account.C.To ask the interest rate.D.To withdraw some money.A.He has to use a password.B.He has to show his ID card.C.He only needs to fill out a withdrawal form.D.He needs to fill out a withdrawal form and hand in the check book.A.Both time deposit and current deposit have the same interest

39、rate.B.The interest rate is high for current deposit.C.The interest rate is low for time deposit.D.The interest rate varies with different kinds of deposit.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.That the library opens at 8:00.B.That no one else has read the

40、articles.C.That none of the material he needs is available.D.That reserve materials can be taken out of the library.A.He is not cooperative.B.He will be in his office all afternoon.C.He has not read any of the articles himself.D.He already brought in extra copies of the articles.A.Return early the n

41、ext day.B.Photocopy the articles he needs.C.Ask professor Grand for a copy of the articles,D.Wait until the girl has finished with her articles,五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Rich enough and old enough.B.Strong and un

42、der the age of 70.C.Healthy and over the age of 17.D.Having been trained and passed the driving test.A.More traffic jams.B.More car accidents.C.More damaged roads.D.More drunk drivers.A.The roads are too crowded to drive.B.Its difficult to catch a bus or a train.C.They are too young or too old to dr

43、ive.D.Train and bus services are becoming poorer.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Resident advice.B.Summer vacation.C.The housing office.D.Check out procedures.A.Call the housing office.B.Repair holes in room walls.C.Remove personal property.D.Re

44、gister for summer school.A.Students summer addresses.B.Any damage to their rooms.C.When they plan to come back.D.Comments on the housing office.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.For the sake of high grades.B.For passing given examinations.C.For

45、the good of gaining knowledge.D.For the completion of required assignments.A.To complete them with the aid of their tutors.B.To accomplish them mainly through their own efforts.C.To read all the reference books assigned by the professors.D.To go over all the periodicals, articles and books in the li

46、brary.A.Look for him in his office.B.Consult him outside of class.C.Make an appointment with him.D.Talk to him during classroom hours.A.Because they get low grades.B.Because they exhaust the reference sources in the library.C.Because they can spend only limited time with the professors.D.Because the

47、ir teachers do not grade every assignment of them.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or does not live up to the manufacturers (36) for it, the first, step is to present the guarantee at the store of purchase. In most eases, this action will (37)

48、results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up“ the consumer takes his or her (38) , the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, (39) be or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in (40) whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is (41) to phone or write the complaint