大学四级-295及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-295 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.说明自己的身份和租房的目的； 2简单叙述理想公寓的条件； 3费用问题和联系方式。 BApartment Wanted/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BInspiration for Your Kids/BA parent, or anyone else who interacts regularly with kids, knows that communicating effectively w

2、ith them can be difficult. If you want children to grow up into the best possible versions of themselves, its crucial to replace damaging words in your vocabulary with alternatives that help build character. Some of the things parents say to kids seem harmless or even constructive on the surface, bu

3、t, experts say, they may hurt more than help. Here are some aspects under our consideration.B1. When the kid deserves praise/BFor years, weve been told that boosting a childs self-esteem is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can backfire

4、(事与愿违). Praise-aholic tykes who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when offered a joint or asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car. The implication of saying “Youre the prettiest girl in class,“ or talking about the goals she sc

5、ored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She foun

6、d that kids praised for “trying hard“ did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those lauded for being “smart“Praising attributes or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that trait, and it devalues effort, so children are

7、 afraid to take on challenges,“ says Dweck, now at Stanford University. “They figure theyd better quit while theyre ahead.“B2. When the kid asks more to take back home/BDoes your child really need one more video game or doll? Of course not. But by repeatedly saying money is the only reason he or she

8、 cant have something, the parent may be sending the message that money is the source of all things good in life. Couple that with the marketing blitz everywhere they turn, and children will never get the meaning of excess or gratitude.“You want your children to have the sense of abundance until the

9、age of fivenot in a material way, but in the sense that what you do have brings joy,“ says Marcy Axness, PhD, a child development specialist and founder of quantumparenting. com.Finances are one of the few topics parents shouldnt feel a duty to discuss or explain, especially with younger kids, Axnes

10、s says. “If every request is met with a legal brief as to why they cant have it or go there, you will end up with a child who is going to negotiate with you.“ Dont be afraid to say to your little one, confidently and cheerfully, “No, sorry. Case closed.“If its your older, money-wise child whos askin

11、g? Sit down with tier and Work out together how she can make the purchase happenas a reward for improved grades, say, or by buying it with an allowance for doing extra chores. The process of talking it through matters more than how much each contributes.B3. When the kid is upset/BWhen a child comes

12、home upset about being teased by classmates or not winning a medal at the swim meet, its only natural for parents to overlook his disappointment and offer consolation (安慰). Adults know that such setbacks are minor.“But kids need to learn how to express feelings, work through them and move on, as opp

13、osed to trying to make them go away without expression,“ says Panaccione, an expert on children development. If children feel that they shouldnt have feelings or that their feelings are bad, theyll start to lock them inside and fail to adopt healthy coping strategies, she says.On the other hand, kid

14、s shouldnt wallow in bad feelings. A question like “Why do you think this happened?“ or “Do you have any ideas about what you can do to make it better?“ may give them encouragement they need to deal with situations on their own. Says Mel Levine, MD, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Nor

15、th Carolina at Chapel Hill: “A parent gives more comfort by listening than by talking. If you simply resonate with your childs mood, then youll have a child whos always willing to come to you and bare her soul.“B4. When the kid talks to strangers/BKids today need to, and do, talk to strangers all th

16、e timeat the store checkout, on the bus, in the doctors office. This antiquated catchphrase is no substitute for a serious one-on-one about the real risks.First, parents need a reality check: Despite the sensational stones, eases of children snatched off the sidewalk by total strangers and never see

17、n again are extremely rare. Just 1 percent or fewer of all abductions happen that way. Meanwhile, children are frequently victimized by people they know well, including authority figures. Thats why it makes more sense to tell kids to be watchful of anyone, stranger or acquaintance, who makes them fe

18、el at all uncomfortable.Parents of kids who spend time on the Internet should warn them against giving information that would identify their whereabouts, such as their last name, address or school name, advises James Beasley, an expert on child predators for the FBI. And kids should always tell thei

19、r parents about new online buddies, especially those who ask if the child is willing to keep a secret.B5. When the kid doesnt want to share/BYoud never hand the keys to your sports car to the guy next door. But thats what youre asking your children to do when you tell them to share a toy. “Young kid

20、s dont distinguish clearly between themselves and the objects they own, like their teddy bear or favorite toy train,“ says psychologist David Elkind, PhD, a professor at Tufts University and the author of The Hurried Child. “So in effect youre asking them to give away part of themselves.“In extreme

21、cases, if a child is forced to give up prized possessions over and over, the separation becomes so painful that he may avoid forming attachments to people, Elkind says. Kids dont really begin to grasp the concept of sharing until age eight or so. Before then, its still important to begin conveying n

22、uggets (至理名言) of selflessness. One solution is to put your childs name on the toy before you take it out of his hands, so he knows youre not forcing him to give up ownership.（分数：70.00）(1).Praise, if too much can lead to an unexpected effect opposite to out intention.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Telling kids

23、we appreciate their effort is better than saying they are just smart.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).To prevent kids from asking more toys, its better to explain to them the toys are not things necessary in rife.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Its wise to discuss With older children on how they can get the things they want

24、 instead of complaining that things Cost much.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Its enough for parents to undermine the importance of things when their kids are upset for them.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Just listening to the kids when they are upset is more effective than encouraging them to deal With the situation.（分数：

25、7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Its parents duty to keep their kids alert to strangers who leave unpleasant impressions on them.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Parents should warn their kids not to reveal basic identity information to strangers when they are _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Children dont want to share their toys because

26、they cant tell clearly the difference between _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).A possible way to make a kid hand out his toy is to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Attend the birthday party.B.Miss the birthday p

27、arty.C.Go home before birthday party.D.Feel unhappy at the party.A.She is a secretary.B.She is a reporter.C.She is a novelist.D.She is a shop assistant.A.At gas station.B.At a bank.C.At a hospital.D.At a school.A.It is thundering.B.The wind blows heavily.C.Somebody is pouring water.D.It is raining h

28、eavily.A.His memory is very terrific.B.He is very familiar with the route.C.He is tired of having a meeting at that hotel.D.He has many meetings in that hotel.A.He is going to sign a contract.B.He is signing his check to buy something.C.He wants to skim through the piece.D.He wants to register his n

29、ame to enroll a course.A.Olnly the man performs badly in the examination.B.The man is likely to pass the examination.C.Somebody may be worse than the man.D.The woman advices the man not to give up.A.They cant get through to David.B.David has been busy recently.C.They are going to invite David to see

30、 a film.D.They want to see the film without David.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Industrial specifications.B.Computer development.C.Scientific drawings.D.Science fiction.A.They arc more intelligent.B.They are less expensive.C.They are more decorative

31、.D.They are less bulky.A.They are smarter than human workers.B.They are more productive than human workers.C.They are very durable.D.They are easy to design.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They dont get rid of loose arm.B.They can damage arm muscles.C

32、.They arent acceptable to most people.D.They can raise ones blood pressure.A.By talking to an expert.B.By reading an article.C.By attending an exercise class.D.By listening to, the radio.A.Exercising the entire body,B.Having your blood. Pressure to, ken daily.C.Losing weight prior to exercising.D.We

33、ighing in before each exercise session.A.Wearing arm weights while you are swimming.B.Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time.C.Using bicycles that require you use both your arms and legs.D.Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuest

34、ions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Its a problem not yet solved.B.Its a question difficult to answer.C.Its a matter that is hidden or secret.D.Its a legend handed down from the past.A.By their function.B.By their properties.C.By increase of our experience.D.By a

35、ssociation with other things.A.Use beautiful words.B.Use words at random.C.Use words with passion and emotion.D.Use words with care and accuracy.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Their tricks.B.Their order.C.Their liveliness.D.Their intelligenc

36、e.A.The New World monkeys have smaller noses.B.The New World monkeys live in Central and North American.C.All New World monkeys have 32 teeth.D.All New World monkeys can hold things with their tails.A.Grasping food.B.Keeping balance.C.Climbing and leaping.D.Using them as weapons.BPassage ThreeQuesti

37、ons 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Asian American students have a special liking for engineering and arts.B.Many Asian American students attended the best universities in the US.C.Asian American students are hard working.D.Asian American students have a broad kno

38、wledge of English.A.They are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areas.B.They cannot find a good job if they take art degrees.C.They know little about American culture and society.D.There is a wide difference between Asian and Western cultures.A.People would think that Asian student

39、s rely on their parents.B.They are afraid that they would again be isolated socially.C.Asian Americans would be a threat to other minorities.D.American academic achievements rely much on Asian students.A.In 1925.B.In 1950.C.In 1932.D.In 1952.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Today, the Walt Disney Compa

40、ny is worth about fifty-seven thousand million dollars. It has come a long way since 1920s. At that time, Walt Disney and his brother ToyU (36) /Utheir first cartoon film, “Steamboat Willie.“ Walt Disneys cartoons were aU (37) /Uof drawings on film. Each drawing is a little different from the one be

41、fore it. Each shows a tiny change inU (38) /U. When we see a film of handrawn cartoons, the cartoon people and animalsU (39) /Uto move. They speak with voicesU (40) /Uby actors.The public loved to watch the DisneyU (41) /Umove and act. Walt Disney, however, was notU (42) /Uwith just making cartoons.

42、 He wanted to do more. Later in life he opened that first Disneyland in California.Walt Disney died in 1966. But his company continued. For twenty important years, Michael EisnerU (43) /Uas top leader of the Walt Disney Company. Mr. Eisner had joined it in 1984 as chairman and chief executive office

43、r. In the 1990s, the company grew into a total media business. U(44) /U. Michael Eisner and Pixar Animation Studios agreed to make five animated movies. This produced the extremely popular film “The Incredibles“. U(45) /U. Some shareholders in the company blamed Mr. Eisner. Michael Eisner remained t

44、op leader of the company until 2O04. U(46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)In the cause of equal rights, feminists (女权主义者) have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has

45、beenU (47) /U: lifespan. In this area, women have theU (48) /Uhand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is notU (49) /Uobvious. But the same is true in many otherU (50) /U. From lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply cant go the

46、 distance.One theory is that males mustU (51) /Ufor female attention. Females are not subject to such pressure. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especiallyU (52) /Uin those varieties where males rival for the attention of lots of females. Conversely, it will be reduced or absent where t

47、hey do not.That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more delicate effect may also be at work. Most scholars of ageing agree that an animalsU (53) /Ulifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predation (掠夺行为), disease, accident and damagingU (54) /Uby others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping