大学四级-771及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-771 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.中国的家长一方面苛刻的要求孩子学习各种知识2.另一方面，中国的家长为孩子提供无微不至的关心和服务3.我的观点是（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed HistoryTom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverage

2、s along with the taste.The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day.“The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today,” said Standage, a technology editor at

3、 the London-based magazine the Economist. “They are relics(纪念物) of different historical periods still found in our kitchens.”Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization. BeerThe ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day Iraq, began fe

4、rmenting(发酵) beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.“When people started agriculture, the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer,” Standage noted. “Its the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. Its as simple as that.”Beer was popular

5、 with the masses from the beginning.“Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted,” said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis.“The guys who built the pyramid

6、s were paid in beer and bread,” Standage added. “It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today its the drink of the working man, and it was then as well.”WineWine may be as old or older than beer-though no one can be certain.Paleolithic humans probably sampled the fir

7、st “wine”as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures.“To make wine you have to have fresh grapes,” said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. “For beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time.”Making wine

8、 also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid.“Wine may be easier to make than beer, but its harder to store,” Bisson added.“For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch fermenting grape juice as wine on its way to becoming vinegar. ”Such caveats and the expense of pro

9、ducing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.The quest for quality became

10、an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.“Once you had regions like Greece and Rome that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost,” Bisson said. “Beer just wasnt as special.”SpiritsHard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated(安抚)sailors dur

11、ing the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries.Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.Standage also su

12、ggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britains American colonies. “Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy,” he explained. “When the British tried to tax molasses, it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea ofn

13、o taxation without representationoriginated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea.”Great Britains longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navys drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒), which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late 18th century.“They

14、 would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice,” Standage said.“This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet.”CoffeeThe story of modern coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans we

15、re first brewed around 1000 A.D. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout the Arab world.“In the Arab world coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns (酒馆)-both of which are banned by Islam,” Standage said.When coffee arrived in Europe it w

16、as similarly hailed as an “anti-alcohol”that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century.“Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, heres a drink that sharpens the mind,” Standage said. “The coffeehouse is the perfect venue(聚会地点) to get together and exchange ideas

17、 and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse.”Coffee also fuelled commerce and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally coffeehouses.TeaTea became a daily drink in China around

18、the third century A. D.Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperial and industrial might in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enjoyed a monopoly on tea exports from China.“Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether t

19、hey were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman,”Standage said. “The sun never set on the British Empire-which meant that it was always teatime somewhere.”As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided some of the fuel. Factory workers stayed al

20、ert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks.The beverage also had unintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas.“When you start packing people together in cities, its helpful to have a water-purification technology like tea,” which was brewed with boiling water, Stan

21、dage explained.Coca-ColaIn 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-Colas a day. Today his soft drink is one of worlds most valuable brands-sold in more countries than the United Nations has members.“It may be the second most widely understood phrase in the world after OK”, Standage

22、 said.The drink has become a symbol of the United States-love it or hate it. Standage notes that East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims poured it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.“Coca-

23、Cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitalism and the emergence of America as a superpower,” Standage said.“Its globalization in a bottle.”While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine (Standages employer), suggests that the soft

24、 drinks presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola.“Its not because Coke makes people happy, but because its sales happen in the dynamic free-market economies that ten

25、d to produce happy people,” Standage said.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage gives a brief description of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Today beer is the d

26、rink of the working man, which was not the case before.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Greeks probably sampled the first “wine“ as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more cachet than beer.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Stand

27、age suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for the independence movement in Britains American colonies.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Coffee is the best drink according to Standage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).During the 1

28、9th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Coca-Cola has become a symbol of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She is complaining to her man

29、ager.B.She is talking on the phone with her friend.C.She is talking with her friend in person.D.She is checking phone messages.A.She gave him a dirty look and finally turned around to get his coffee.B.She practically threw the coffee at him.C.She gave him the wrong coffee.D.She told him that he had

30、made a mistake in telling her his order.A.Call the manager to complain.B.Pour the coffee over the waitresss head.C.Ask the manager to uninstall the phone in the coffee shop.D.Call on all his relatives and friends not to go to that coffee shop again.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation yo

31、u have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It can be somewhat aggressive.B.It eats too much food at one time.C.The dog might mess on his carpet.D.It barks too loudly.A.Take the dog for some exercise with a Frisbee.B.Feed him an afternoon doggie treat for a snack.C.Let the dog watch a program on television.D.Put

32、out some soft classical music for the dog.A.The snake appears to be fond of the woman.B.The snake doesnt care for woman at all.C.The snake is extremely shy of woman.D.The snake is indifferent to the woman.A.The man should seek someone who is well-trained with animals.B.The man should take his animal

33、s to the zoo for special care.C.The woman agrees to watch them for a lot of extra money.D.The man should give up raising the animals.A.Teacher and student.B.Doctor and patient.C.Manager and office worker.D.Travel agent and customer.A.He has been to Seattle many times.B.He has chaired a lot of confer

34、ences.C.He holds a high position in his company.D.He lived in Seattle for many years.A.Save time by using a computer.B.Buy her own computer.C.Borrow Marthas computer.D.Stay home and complete her paper.A.The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B.The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf

35、.C.The tools have already been returned to the woman.D.The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.A.At the airport.B.In a restaurant.C.In a hooking office.D.At the hotel reception.A.She used to be in poor health.B.She was popular among boys.C.She was somewhat overweight.D.She didnt do wel

36、l at high school.A.He thinks she should visit her cousin.B.Her cousin doesnt visit very often.C.Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.D.He doesnt think her cousin has been at home today.A.He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.B.He prefers staying at home because he doesnt like to

37、 travel.C.He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.D.He prefers traveling with the woman.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To look for two of her close friends.B.To stay at home and study.C.To share an

38、 apartment with friends.D.To move out and live alone.A.She couldnt find a good place to stay.B.Her friend and she couldnt afford the rent.C.A friend left her for works sake.D.She quarreled with her friends.A.Because her home was far away from school.B.Because her parents asked her to do so.C.Because

39、 she was bored living outside.D.Because the place where she lived caught fire.A.Because she was disappointed in the college.B.Because she kept moving all the time and couldnt concentrate on studying.C.Because her home was too far away from school and it was inconvenient.D.Because she was not interes

40、ted in study at all.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It would be a terrible experience.B.The charges are too high for them to afford.C.They often have to wait for a long time.D.They are usually too busy to go there.A.White.B.Yellow.C.Red.D.Green.

41、A.How the dentists help patients relax.B.What colors to use in painting walls in a hospital.C.Seeing a dentist could be a less painful experience.D.Trust and understanding of dentists help reduce patientsanxiety and tension.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard

42、.（分数：21.00）A.Changes in Child Rearing.B.Changes in American Sex Roles.C.Changes in Mens Roles in Family Life.D.Changes in Womens Roles in Career Pursue.A.Fathers also give a wash to their children.B.Women and men equally share housework.C.Wives are no longer submissive and obedient.D.Parents have ne

43、w attitude towards bringing up children.A.In doing housework.B.In educating children.C.In bringing up children.D.In jobs and business situations.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Imagine sending electronic mail to your friend in the U.S.or discussing your gardening problem with a (36) in Australia, or sear

44、ching the contents of several university (37) without leaving home. All of this, and more, is possible when you get connected via the Internet.The Internet is one of the fastest evolving (38) in the history of computing. This (39) network links people, countries and communities together in (40) ways

45、. It is not surprising to see an Internet address on TV or a companys Internet address at the bottom of an (41) in a popular magazine. In the cyberspace world, you will find friends and (42) that share common interests. Together or on your (43) , you can explore the constantly changing features of t

46、he online world. What exactly is the Internet? Simply put, (44) . What is a computer network? It occurs when two or more computers are connected to one another to share information. (45) .E-mail, certainly the most widely used service, allows everybody to exchange messages with millions of people ar

47、ound the world. (46) . You can download thousands of programs, graphics, sounds, and text files from the Internet. You can even create your own “pages”, a place where people can learn about you. In short, the Internet is a good portion of the world brought to us electronically.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1

48、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.On March 18,1965, Leonov, the Russian astronaut, walked in outer space for the first time. Several months later, a similar feat was performed by the first American astronaut. Both of these space walkers had spe