大学四级-814及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-814 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1有人认为收入差距的存在是合理的2有人认为收入差距的存在是不合理的3收入差距对社会的影响On Income Gap（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Executives Deal with the Jobless Time?Although the economy has improved, a jobless executive may have to face up to a year

2、 or more of unemployment. Thats a lot of time, especially for those who are not used to having any free time. While some job seekers spend hundreds of hours discovering daytime television, others seem to thrive on activities that boost their professional careers or resolve family issues when they ar

3、ent working.Having an extended period of free time in the prime of ones life can in fact be a unique opportunity to focus on volunteer service, professional education or personal growth.Community InvolvementFor Lisa Perez, the wakeup call was burned pork chops. An executive who previously hadnt been

4、 particularly interested in home and health had become obsessed with homemaking during a period of unemployment.She realized that cleaning and organizing her home wasnt helping her job search. Nevertheless, “I made lists of 50 things to do every day,“ says Ms. Perez, a political and public-relations

5、 consultant in Scottsdale, Ariz. “My house was clean, just so Id have something to do.“One day, her boyfriend didnt arrive on time for dinner because he had to work late, and her pork chops were ruined. She flied into a rage. “Id never been a person like that,“ she says. “So I decided to stop feelin

6、g sorry for myself, and go out and do something productive.“Ms. Perez, 35, resolved to become an active volunteer for the duration of her search. She gave her time to a health-care concern, a housing program and a political campaign.The work offered her self-confidence. “Volunteering takes the focus

7、 off you. One thing you have thats still valuable is your time. And, of course, you learn that there are thousands of people with a life thats much worse than yours,“ she says.Volunteer assignments are also great ways to meet powerful and well-connected people. Over a six-month period, her volunteer

8、ing evolved into working as a paid consultant and then as a full-time employee, a job she still holds today. In all, she was unemployed for eight months.Before her job loss, she thought she didnt have time to volunteer while working. “Now, even though I have a demanding job, I still volunteer, becau

9、se of what I got out of it,“ says Ms. Perez. Continuing EducationGene Bellavance, a 36-year-old information-technology project manager, took another route during his unemployment. When he was laid off from a steel company near Cleveland, he knew his immediate prospects were bleak. He expected his se

10、arch to take a year. He faced a decision: take a job that would set back his career or hold out for an offer he really wanted.Mr. Bellavance, single and virtually debt free, shifted his finances into survival mode. He cashed out his pension, sold his house, unloaded things he didnt need at garage sa

11、les, and rented an apartment with a roommate. Then, he says, “I signed up for every benefit I could find.“But he wasnt just waiting out the year. He spent the rest of his search updating his skills, including becoming certified in new database and project-management software. “You have to invest in

12、yourself,“ Mr. Bellavance says. “I estimated what technology was going to be the most beneficial and chose applications that were going to ensure top pay.His job search was one month shy of the full year hed expected. He looked for work during his training and says he would have finished the certifi

13、cation programs even if hed been hired before completing them.Family MattersIn addition to pursuing training or volunteering, some displaced careerists use their time off work to attend to family matters. Many executives rediscover their children or find time to help their parents.Stanford Rappaport

14、 held three jobs in San Francisco, including high-tech and teaching positions. When he was laid off from the high-tech job last year, he knew it might take a long time before he could get another post like it. “I was able to do the math,“ says Mr. Rappaport. “The number of people laid off: huge; and

15、 the number of available jobs: little. At the time, I thought it might take two or three years before the tech industry recovered.“Mr. Rappaports remaining job, a part-time faculty position, didnt pay enough to support him. After a couple of months of searching with no results, he decided to escape.

16、 “My plan,“ he says, “was to get out of an expensive living situation, and either seek work in another section of the U. S. or overseas, for those two years.“Before he found an assignment, his Arkansas-based mother was diagnosed with a serious chronic illness, and he was called into duty as a son. M

17、r. Rappaport was able to help his mother get her affairs in order not to interrupt his search by using a San Francisco mail drop and cellphone. “I continued to look for work in California while I was home, helping my mother through this crisis.“ He took his mother to medical appointments, made repai

18、rs on her house, bought her a better car, and straightened out her legal and financial affairs.Mr. Rappaport stayed in Arkansas for six months. “Its amazing that at this stage I had the opportunity to spend a significant amount of time with my mother and improve her life. Most people never have that

19、 opportunity. Im very thankful that I had the chance. It was absolutely worth it,“ he says.One of the unexpected benefits was the huge boost in confidence he gained from his role as caregiver. Hed been feeling depressed and defeated when he left California, but after returning, he felt renewed. He l

20、anded a job with a former employer after returning to San Francisco and remains a part-time faculty member.Discovery and ExplorationInstead of spending time off worrying about your unemployed status, ask yourself: “Is there something Ive always wanted to do but havent because of the demands of my jo

21、b?“Felice Fisk, a 29-year-old in Seattle, recently left an account-manager position at a contract-furniture company. During seven months of unemployment, she took an interest in fine-art painting and completed 18 pieces before returning to work. “I found the art work to be really beneficial,“ she sa

22、ys. Shes now a designer for an interior-design firm.Michael Ross, 42, a former IT administrator in El Cerrito, Calif. , recently spent his 10 months of unemployment playing guitar and exploring his lifelong interest in scriptwriting and the movie business. “After 18 years at my former employer and h

23、ow hard I had worked, I knew I had to recover, to get restored,“ he says. “I looked at this as an opportunity, rather than a penalty. This was very much about clearing space for me.“At the executive level, even a very efficient and successful job search may be quite lengthy. It makes sense to spend

24、that time in an enriching and productive manner. These job seekers pursued service, continuing education and shoring up family bonds. How youll look back on a period of unemployment depends on what you do with it.（分数：70.00）(1).This passage mainly tells that being unemployed is not all bad.（分数：7.00）填

25、空项 1:_(2).Lisa Perez found a new interest in homemaking during the period of unemployment.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Lisa Perez was always optimistic during the period of her unemployment.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).After she got a new job, Lisa Perez regretted that she had not done volunteering work earlier.（分数：7

26、00）填空项 1:_(5).After losing his job, Mr. Bellavance took many measures to change his lifestyle.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Before finding his new job, Mr. Bellavance invested in himself and tried his best to learn new skills as many as possible.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).As a teaching faculty in school, Stanford R

27、appaport may earn enough money to support himself and his family.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).The role as caregiver provided Mr. Rappaport with the benefit of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Before finding a satisfactory job, Felice Fisk spent his time in developing his interest in_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Michael Ross sp

28、ent much unemployment time developing his interest because he regarded this period of time as an opportunity instead of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She attended a biol

29、ogy class in another school.B.She was having a special class activity outdoors.C.She went on a trip to study farming.D.She stayed at her parents farm to help out in the field.A.The woman should wait to buy new clothes.B.The cold weather will probably continue.C.The weather will warm up soon.D.He alr

30、eady has a warm coat.A.He thinks the woman is wasting her time.B.He thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C.He is eager to know the womans answer.D.He thinks there is no need for the woman to hurry.A.She will help the man later.B.She doesnt want to help him with the homework.C.The man sh

31、ould do the homework himself.D.The man should watch the program first.A.The woman is wrong about when his birthday is.B.He expects to hear from his brother.C.He bought a present for the womans birthday.D.His brother is coming to join his party.A.He knows someone who can get the woman a job.B.Greg an

32、d his uncle dont like their jobs.C.Greg got the job only because of his uncle.D.He doesnt know the womans uncle.A.Before dinner.B.During dinner.C.Right after dinner.D.The next day.A.They watched the end of the race.B.Only three of them didnt finish the race.C.Most of them didnt nm in the race.D.They

33、 participated in the last three races.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She felt embarrassed in class.B.She received a poor grade in her presentation.C.She had not completed her assignment.D.She was unable to attend her psychology.A.Shed be able to leav

34、e quickly.B.Shed forget the people around her.C.Shed be able to locate where the man was seated.D.Shed know when her professor arrived.A.They become nervous more easily than women do.B.Theyre uncomfortable performing in front of adults.C.They dont respond to stress well.D.They become nervous less fr

35、equently than adults do.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A chemistry assignment.B.A study that their chemistry professor did.C.A class that the woman is taking.D.A job possibility.A.Employ them as lab assistants.B.Teach classes at their high school.C.H

36、elp them with their studies.D.Pay them for participating in the study.A.She wants to quit her job in the chemistry lab.B.She wants to get practical experience.C.Shes interested in becoming a psychology major.D.She wants to earn extra money.A.Write their lab reports.B.Find out Professor Smiths schedu

37、le.C.Interview some high school students.D.Finish their chemistry experiment.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Their social roles are rigidly determined.B.Most boys would like to follow their fathers professions.C.Boys like to play

38、 with their fathers and girls with their mothers.D.They like challenging activities.A.Toys have changed so much over the centuries.B.The technique in toy-making has remained unchanged.C.The technique in toy-making has changed a lot.D.Toys have remained basically the same over the centuries.A.The pro

39、gress of toys follow a direct line of rising.B.Toys also appeal greatly to adults.C.Toys are not characterized by technological progress.D.Toys reflect the pace of social progress.Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It means the year you take off and youll con

40、tinue school with enough money.B.It means the year you have off between high school and college.C.It means the year you have off during your college life.D.It means the year you take off before high school.A.Because they want to travel to broaden their horizon.B.Because they want to explore what the

41、y are interested in.C.Because they need to go back to serve military duty.D.Because they need to recover after twelve years of required education.A.They worry that their children will miss their friends.B.They are worried about their childrens safety when traveling.C.They worry that their children c

42、annot find their real interest.D.They worry that their children will choose not to go to college.A.It helps students explore their hobbies.B.It provides students with opportunities to do field practice.C.It offers position to students in her company.D.It aims to help students plan the year they take

43、 off.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He was the owner of a tavern.B.He was just a schoolboy.C.He paid his fathers debts.D.The author didnt mention.A.Because he wanted to avoid his fathers punishment.B.Because he hated to go to school.C.Because he wanted to

44、 escape from the boy he fought with.D.Because he wanted to gain his independence.A.He worked a number of unskilled jobs.B.He hunted wild animals.C.He sold guns to earn money.D.He worked for his father.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Half a century ago, most people lived in (36) areas. However, according

45、to the most recent estimate (37) by the United Nations, more than half of all people will live in cities by 2012, for the first time in history. City life is not always a bad thing, but many experts worry about this process of (38) . According to a new report from the Worldwatch Institute, an enviro

46、nmental research group in Washington, it is having a huge (39) on human health and the (40) of the environment. Of the three billion people who live in cities now, about one billion live in (41) settlements. These are areas of poverty, slums, that generally lack basic services like clean water, or e

47、ven (42) housing. More than 60 million people are added to cities and their (43) areas each year, mostly in slums in developing countries. Molly OMeara Sheehan, the leading researcher of the Worldwatch report, believes that (44) Policymakers, she says, need to increase investments in education, heal

48、th care and other areas.(45) . For example, Freetown in Sierra Leone has established farming within the city limits to meet much of its growing food demands. In Bogota, the capital of Colombia, (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The relationship between human