大学四级-1875及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1875 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an expository essay discussion different types of parents. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.The Best Parents生活中存在三种类型的父

2、母：纵任型(permissive)，专制型(autocratic)，权威型(authoritative)。不同类型的父母教育子女的方式不同。哪种类型的父母最有益于孩子的成长？（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. They may get a cheaper guidebook in Les Vegas.B. They should go to the library to find out about the cost of a guidebook.C. It migh

3、t be necessary to buy a guidebook.D. The library resources can help them reduce the traveling expenses.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He almost forgot to buy a gift for Bill.B. He would like to shop in an inexpensive store.C. The gifts listed on the catalog are too expensive for them to afford.D. They shou

4、ld select an inexpensive gift.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. In a gym. B. In a department store.C. In a training center. D. In a shoe-manufacturing factory.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He should leave the umbrella outside the house.B. She needs to shake his umbrella before entering the room.C. She left his umbr

5、ella in the hallway.D. He should remove some of the water from his umbrella.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He had to wait for an appointment because Dr. Hanson was too busy.B. His injury had confined him to bed at home.C. His foot had seemed all right.D. He was fully occupied with work last week.（分数：7.10）A

6、B.C.D.(1).A. Eleven. B. Ten. C. Nine. D. Eight.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Before the dinner. B. During the meal.C. Tomorrow. D. Right after the dinner.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She should be extremely careful with the experiment.B. She should set up the experiment right now.C. She should think carefully

7、 before setting up the experiment.D. She should make sure the experiment is finished on time.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. In a restaurant. B. In a coffee shop.C. In a inn. D. In a large hotel.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To play tennis. B. To celebrate their anniversary.C. To go on a holiday. D. To attend a d

8、inner party.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Disappointed. B. Satisfied.C. Shocked. D. Amazed.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To drive to another place.B. To complain to the manager.C. To head for home.D. To stay there for the weekend.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. A real estate agent. B. A landlady.C. A tax bureau clerk.

9、D. A loan officer.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To buy a two-bedroom house in Mount Kisco.B. To find someone to sign up the loan for him.C. To seek help from his parents.D. To rent an apartment and live on his own.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His income is insufficient.B. He has no fixed asset.C. He has no sto

10、cks or bonds.D. He is self-employed.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. Commercialized agriculture.B. International trade of farm products in the 19th century.C. Improvements in farm machinery in the United States.D. Farmers loss of independence.（分数：7.10）A.

11、B.C.D.(2).A. Crop production became increasingly specialized.B. Economic depressions cut the prices of farm products.C. New banking laws made it easy to buy farmland.D. America increased its agricultural imports.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Farmers relied less on imports.B. Farmers became more dependent

12、on bank loans.C. The costs for shipping farm products by train increased.D. Prices for farm products went up.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. They made farmers more independent.B. They decreased the power of the railroads to control the prices of farm products.C. They affected the prices that farmers could r

13、eceive for their crops.D. They strengthen world commercial ties.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. Borrowing money from foreign banks.B. Killing animals in jungles for food.C. Burnings trees to get fuels and land for crops.D. Hunting and exporting rare plants and animals to earn mo

14、ney.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Poor economy. B. Unexploited jungles.C. Agriculture-oriented economy. D. National debt to foreign banks.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It invested money in Malagasy economic development.B. It set up a special fund to raise the living standard of poor villagers.C. It paid for all

15、 the debts that Madagascar owed to the banks in industrial countries.D. It financed many environmental projects.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. They didnt travel far from their base camp.B. They planned their migrations.C. They wandered around throughout the year in search of

16、caves.D. They left their possessions behind as they went on the new journey.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Lack of light made it impossible.B. It was too damp to live.C. Food and tools took up too much space.D. It was far away from water source.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To arouse the interest of the listener

17、s.B. To demonstrate his photographic skills.C. To illustrate the size of some objects.D. To confirm what he said is true.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Today it is out of date to speak in terms of character. But there is no more (26) aspect of any person. Character is made up of those (

18、27) and values that give your life direction, meaning and depth. These (28) your inner sense of whats right and wrong, based not on (29) but on who you are. They include such (30) as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity. So wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught. Yet s

19、ome people wonder if our inner values matter anymore, which demonstrates a (31) of our modern life. Many have come to believe that the only things we need for success are (32) .But history has taught us that who we are is more important than who we appear to be. During the nations first century and

20、a half, almost everything in the (33) of success and self-help focused on the issue of character. Such famous (34) as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson made clear their belief that we can only experience true success and happiness by making character (35) .（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_

21、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Specialists call the feelings which people experience when they come to a new environment culture shock. There are three stages of culture shock. In the first stage, the (36) like their environmen

22、t. Then, when the newness (37) off, they begin to hate the country, the people, the apartment, and everything else in the new culture. In the final stage, the newcomers begin to (38) to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.Some of the factors in culture shock are obvious. Maybe

23、 the customs are different; perhaps the weather is (39) ; perhaps the public service system such as the telephone and transportation are difficult to (40) out and you make mistakes. If you dont look similar to the (41) , you may feel strange. You may feel everyone is watching you, but in fact, you a

24、re always watching yourself. You are (42) .Culture shock (43) a feeling of disorientation (迷失方向). When people feel the disorientation of culture shock, they sometimes feel like staying inside their apartment all the time. This (44) does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term. It does

25、nothing to familiarize the person with the culture. Familiarity and (45) are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.A. escapeB. nativesC. unpleasantD. newcomersE. solutionF. figureG. experienceH. experimentI. visitorsJ. foreignersK. wearsL. unfamiliarM. adjustN. self-consciousO. pro

26、duces（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Dont Be ShyA We often hear shy people say, “As we talked, I felt uneasy. I worried about how I looked, what I said, how I said what I said, and so forth.“ If you have never felt this shy,

27、 chances are that you know someone who has. “Very shy people often believe theres something wrong with them and tend to evaluate themselves more negatively than others do,“ says Lynne Henderson, director of the Shyness Clinic in Los Altos, California. John Walker, director of the Anxiety Disorder Pr

28、ogram at St Boniface General Hospital in Canada, describes shyness as “an exaggerated fear of embarrassment and a tendency to hold back in social situations.“B Our research reveals that the shy tend to make unrealistic social comparisons. In a room full of others, their attention is usually drawn to

29、 the most socially outstanding person, against whom they compare themselves, unfavorably, of course. Typically, they compound the negative self-image by attributing their own comparatively poor performance to enduring and unchangeable internal characteristicsI was born shy. Such attributions only he

30、ighten self-consciousness and spoil performance.C Shyness is considered a personality trait, not a psychological condition or disorder, and it has varying degrees. But severely shy people are sometimes diagnosed by psychologists as also having social anxiety disorder, or social phobia (恐惧症). Shyness

31、 that becomes so severe that it interferes significantly our social activities, relationships or occupational functioning could be what experts call social anxiety disorder or “crippling shyness.“ Millions of people suffer symptoms of this disorder at some point in their lives. One of them, 51-year-

32、old Earla Dunbar, was virtually house-bound for six years during the 1990s. She was terrified to go outside, even to get the mail, for fear shed run into other people and that they would think the worst of her. In such cases, cognitive-behavioral therapy and prescription drugs are often required to

33、overcome the problem.D Social anxiety is the third largest psychological problem in the United States today. This type of anxiety affects 15 million Americans in any given year. Unlike some other psychological problems, social anxiety is not well understood by the general public or by medical and me

34、ntal health care professionals. In fact, people with social anxiety are misdiagnosed almost 90% of the time. People with social phobia come to the anxiety clinic labeled as “schizophrenic (精神分裂)“, “manic-depressive (狂郁症)“, “clinically depressed“, “panic disordered“, and “personality disordered“, amo

35、ng other damaging misdiagnoses.E Scientists used to think a childs family environment largely dictated his/her emotional development as an adult. But Louis Schmidt, a Canadian psychologist who has been studying brain development in children and babies for the past 15 years, says while theres probabl

36、y no single gene for shyness, new research shows some genes appear play a larger role in predicting whether a person will be shy. “It appears nature has predisposed some children for shyness,“ Schmidt says. This means that if your parents are shy you will be shy as well. In healthy babies just a few

37、 months old who tend to cry when exposed to new situations or people, more activity is detected in their right frontal brain, which regulates behavior and emotion, and their heart rates are higher than those of more sociable babies. Many of these kids outgrow shyness, but ten to fifteen percent dont

38、F This kind of world we live in may also contribute to an increase in the number of shy people since today theres less face-to-face contact required in daily life. Some experts believe the cyberspace generation are accustomed to email, computer games, bank machines and other automated services and

39、it means modern people are at risk of failing to develop social skills.G A 1995 survey found that about 48% of the 800 respondents considered themselves shy. While many of us consider ourselves shy, not all of those who do allow it to define us. For example, I have always considered myself to be a s

40、hy person. However, when I took a quiz, which rates level of shyness, the results showed that I was moderately shy. What this means is that, though I sometimes experience feelings associated with shyness, I have not allowed these feelings to keep me from pursuing my personal and professional goals.

41、However, there are still some people whose shyness gets in the way of their career development. Researchers have found that such tend to begin their careers later than non-shy people. They are also more apt to refuse promotions. They choose careers that are less interpersonal and are more undecided

42、about which field to pursue. Once in a career, shy people have a harder time developing a career identity.H One of the solutions to shyness is a greater understanding of its internal dynamics. It is important to note that a critical feature of shyness is a slowness to warm up. Shy people simply requ

43、ire extra time to adjust to unfamiliar or stressful situations. They also need more time to master the developmental barriers of life. The good news is that shy people eventually achieve everything that everyone else doesthey date, marry, have children. The bad news is, it takes them a little longer

44、I An unfortunate consequence of the shy being on this delayed schedule is that they lack social support through many important life experiences. When they start dating and want to talk about first-date worries, for example, their peers will be talking about weddings. As a result, the shy may need t

45、o take an especially active role in finding others who are in their situation. One way is to build social support by starting groups of like-minded people. Another is to seek out existing groups of shy people, perhaps via the Internet. While technology often works against the shy, it can also lend t

46、hem an unexpected helping hand.J Experts have identified a group of people called the successfully shy. The successfully shy overcome their social anxiety by letting go of their self-consciousness, that inward focus of attention on the things they cant do well. They accept that they arent great at s

47、mall talk or that they get so nervous in social situations that they cant draw on what is inside their mind. Or that they are paying so much attention to their feelings that they dont pay full attention to the person theyre talking to. In place of self-consciousness, they substitute self-awareness.

48、Rather than becoming anxious about their silence in a conversation, they plan ahead of time to have something to say, or rehearse asking questions. They arrive early at parties to feel comfortable in their new setting. By contrast, less successful shy people arrive late in an effort to blend in.（分数：71.00）(1).Modern scientists believe that genetic predisposition plays a relatively larger role in causing shyness in a p