大学四级-1906及答案解析.doc

1、大学四级-1906 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Improving Stu. dents Network Morality. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 目前大学生网络道德问题日益严重2. 这种问题带来的危害3.

2、 如何加强学生的网络道德教育On Improving Students Network Morality_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk?When the pain reliever Vioxx was withdrawn from the worldwide market last September after the announcement that it increased patients risk of

3、heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx “victims“. Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx but, doctors say, many people stopped taking their other medicines, too-sometimes putting their health at serious risk. The sometimes-s

4、ensationalized headlines didnt help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctors? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken?Americans have somehow come to believe they should get the best medical care with the latest remedies with no side effects. But there

5、 is no drug that doesnt have side effects. Peter Corr, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says, “As a society weexpect medicine to be perfect. There is no such thing. There is always a risk.“How You Can Make Informed DecisionsSince there is no such thing as a pil

6、l that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy (一分为二) that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us; some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others are able to cause death. So how should you and your doctor proceed?1. Weigh

7、 the risks and benefits of any drug.As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is “safe enough“ for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very bothersome, you may decide that any risk is too big and opt against taking any medi

8、cations at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects.Zena McAdams, 59, a regional clergyman in Macon, Georgia, has lived with a condition that causes chronic pain fo

9、r many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen (布洛芬，一种镇痛非处方药), “I mean lots of it,“ she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was “remarkable,“ she says. “I took it every day till it was taken off the market.“After speaking to her doctor, she switc

10、hed to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition-until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doctor, weighed the risks versus the benefits and decided that her quality of life was mos

11、t important. “There is always that nasty feeling about safety,“ she says, “but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The drug works. It eases the pain.“2. Be especially cautious about new drugs.New drugs are in

12、herently risky. So ff youre taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated? Have your breathing patterns or skin color changed? ff so, call your doctor immediately, who may tell you to stop taking the drug. How does

13、a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist (药剂师).If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety, If you are taking a drug in the same class as one that has been recalled, it is careful to ask your doctor ff

14、 that drug places you at greater risks.3. Know if youre in a high-risk group.Although scientists still dont know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others dont. Men metabolize (新陈代谢) drugs differently than women do, for example. B

15、e especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually arent tested on these groups. “I worry the most about the elderly,“ says Avorn. “They are vastly underrepresented in trials of drugs, yet they are the most likely to be taking the drugs when they are approved.“4. Ask th

16、e right questions.When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctors surgery without a clear understanding of why youre taking the drug, how to take it, and how youll know if its working. Even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable, ask You are responsible for your own health and safety. “If the

17、doctor doesnt want to answer questions, you should probably find another doctor,“ says Avorn.After your visit, if you still have questions, call or e-mail the doctor. Use your pharmacist as an expert consultant for any additional concerns you have about the drug or its side effects.You can ask the p

18、harmacist for the professional package insert for the drug, says Corr. Although its written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, if theres been a label change, with new information about the drug or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI (保险

19、证明). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug companys toll-free number for more information, or go to its web-site.5. Be informed, and follow directions carefully.Check that the pills yo

20、u receive are the correct ones. Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: Its easy to confuse products with similar names (for example, Zantac and Xanax).Read the instructions and take your pills exactly as prescribed. Be alert for expiration dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings.

21、 Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC (over the counter). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For example, Posicor, an anti-hypertensive drug (治疗高血压的药), was taken off the market because it could cause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with

22、other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions.It is vitally important that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these sig

23、nals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives.（分数：70.00）(1).What does Peter Corr most probably think about drugs in America?A. Perfect drugs are provided to the Americans.B. Every drug has this or that kind of side effects.C. Only the latest drugs

24、are free from side effects.D. Doctors should prescribe side-effect-free drugs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, who are the least likely to try drugs with serious side effects?A. Patients with a minor illness. B. Patients who are financially poor.C. Patients with bothersome symptoms. D.

25、Patients who suffer from deadly diseases.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).For many years, Zena McAdams had to take medicines to control_A. heart disease B. migraine headache C. chronic pain D. her weight（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do we learn about the drug Celebrex from the passage?A. It is as effective as Vioxx

26、 for Zena McAdams. B. It does not cause serious potential side effects.C. It is much cheaper than Vioxx. D. It may cause mild stomachache.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Between drugs with equal effect, you should choose the one_A. recommended by the doctor B. at a more reasonable priceC. with a longer safety

27、record D. approved by the media（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Avorn worries about the elderly most because they usually _A. suffer from serious diseases B. arent included in the trials of new drugsC. are easily influenced by advertisements D. dont consult doctors before taking a new drug（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A

28、vorn suggests that we should change the doctor if _A. he cant treat your illness well B. he recommends untested drugsC. the drug prescribed by him is ineffective D. he doesnt want to answer your questions（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Information on clinical trials and side effects of a drug can be found in i

29、ts_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Drugs with similar names may result in errors in_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).When Posicor is used with other heart medications, it will lead to_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Go over the list. B. Go shopping for his mum.C. List e

30、verything his mum needs. D. Go for an outing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The man did most of the talking. B. The woman was wearing a black sweater.C. The man and the woman robbed the bank. D. The man and the woman had dark hair.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His phone was disconnected outside the county.B. He

31、needs to make phone calls to his friends.C. Using the email will decrease his telephone expenses.D. HIS friends would rather hear his sound on the phone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He doesnt have anything to do.B. He believes she is wrong about the pick-up time.C. Before lunch is a great time to pick up

32、 the document.D. Time passes very quickly.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Buy Frank a new car. B. Have lunch with Frank.C. Teach Frank how to drive a car. D. Help Frank repair his car.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A The room they are going to move into. B. The yard of their old house.C. The quality of the furniture

33、they bought. D. The feeling they have of their neighborhood.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Its too expensive to hire taxies. B. He doesnt like the suburbs.C. He cant afford the high taxes. D. The rent is too high.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She thinks her son has almost everything he wants.B. She is not sure w

34、hether an MP3 player is a nice gift.C. She finds it hard to find a proper gift for her husband.D. Shes afraid she cant afford anything the mans father wants.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. He wants to improve his language skills.

35、B. He wants to enter a US college.C. His friend wants to attend a US university.D. His friend wants to improve English for a better job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Literature. B. US Culture. C. TOEFL. D. Business English.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It offers courses for people who want to improve their prof

36、essional skills.B. It offers job opporttmities for people who have studied in it.C. Its programs allow students to study in the US.D. The students can take its courses locally in their home country.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. $2,030. B. $2,013. C. $2,300. D. $2,330.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 ar

37、e based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. To make an appointment. B. To ask for an interview.C. To promote advertisements. D. To have a negotiation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Impatient but then reluctant. B. Indifferent but then interested.C. Convinced but then reluctant. D. Acce

38、pted but then impatient.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Some customers have got their payment back because theyre not satisfie4B. The company will redo the products again and again until the customers are satisfied.C. The company does not sign a contract with its customers concerning its service.D. The man

39、will use the companys service when he has a new product.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. In green forests. B. In dry deserts.C. In the Pacific Ocean. D. In the North Pole region.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2

40、).A. Snakes like to stay in the sun. B. Snakes like warmth.C. Snakes are used to extra-hot weather. D. Snakes are good swimmers（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They are very intelligent. B. They are fairly intelligent.C. They are more intelligent. D. They are less intelligent.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQues

41、tions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He was doing shopping. B. He was watching a film.C. He was making a phone call. D. He was talking to a policeman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Her attractive clothing. B. Her beautiful figure.C. Her unusual height. D. Her fashion

42、able handbag.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He was arrested by the police. B. He was acting in a film.C. He had taken the womans bag by mistake. D. He was only making a joke.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. 6 million dollars. B.

43、25 million dollars. C. 6 thousand dollars. D. 400 million dollars.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. An engine room. B. A big kitchen. C. A great theatre. D. A high building.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The plane is safe even if two of its engines fail.B. There are three engines on each of the giant jet plane.C. Th

44、ere is an extra engine on each of the giant jet plane.D. The engines never fail on the giant jet plane.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Two mechanical pilots will do the job. B. The giant jet will crash.C. The giant jet will be forced to land. D. The engines of the giant jet will stop worldng.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.

45、D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Some years ago, an American policeman found a woman lying near a lonely road. She did not appear to have had an (36) . But she was trembling and clearly in a state of shock. So he (37) her to the nearest hospital. She began to tell the doctor on duty the story which was

46、astonishing and (38) She had been driving along a country road when she had been stopped by a flying saucer landing in front of her. She had been forced to leave the car and enter the flying saucer by (39) which looked like human beings and which could easily make themselves (40) although they could

47、 not speak. It was as though they could read her thoughts and she could read theirs. They (41) her politely and allowed her to leave after carrying out a number of tests on her. As she otherwise seems to be (42) , the doctor decided that she was probably (43) from the side effects of some drug. The

48、woman insisted on being allowed to go home. (44) The police then started to make inquiries and soon discovered that there was already a search going on for the woman, whose husband had reported that she had disappeared. (45) In front of the car, the surface of the road had been completely destroyed

49、not by an explosion or anything of that kind, (46) （分数：77.00）(1).Some years ago, an American policeman found a woman lying near a lonely road. She did not appear to have had an (36) . But she was trembling and clearly in a state of shock. So he (37) her to the nearest hospital. She began to tell the doctor on duty the story which was astonishing and (38) She had been driving