大学英语六级163及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语六级 163及答案解析(总分：428.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Graduate School or Work? You should write at least 150 words following the instructions given below: 目前，越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。那么你打算

2、在大学毕业之后找工作还是继续上研究生呢?请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Institution of Marriage The Indians, as all other communities of human beings in every age, in every clime (地域), and in every possible condition in respect to civilization or barbarism, have done, lived in famil

3、ies. That is to say, the husband, the wife, and the children formed a natural group and dwelt together in common. The children were under the care of themselves and the husband and wife, once joined, remained united for life. Some persons have imagined that the institution of marriage is an artifici

4、al institution, adopted by society as an arrangement proved by experiment to be, on the whole, most advantageous to man. But the universality of this institution proves that it is of higher origin. It is a part of mans nature, considered as an animal, that he should have one female partner, and that

5、 the union which binds him to his partner, when once she is chosen, should endure for life. It is curious to observe that the provision of nature by which man is led everywhere, and under all circumstances, to the institution of marriage as the foundation of the social state, is in accordance with a

6、 general principle which pervades the whole animal creation. The principle is this: General Law of Pairing In all cases where the nurture of the young of any animal, for any reason, requires more than the mother herself alone can do for them, it seems to be a general law of nature in respect to such

7、 animals that they are provided with instincts which lead them to pair. A male and female unite, and they remain united until the young no longer need their joint assistance. Thus birds pair, because it is necessary that both should co-operate to build the nest, and also that the father should bring

8、 food while the mother sits upon the eggs to hatch them. And lions pair, for one must remain and take care of the young, while the other goes away on distant excursions to procure food. But sheep and other such animals do not pair, for their young do not require the joint attention of father and mot

9、her. In respect to the duration of the union thus formed, the principle is that it continues as long as the necessity for it continues; that is, as long as the brood of young ones require the united efforts of both father and mother to protect them. Then at least so it is supposed in the case of bir

10、ds when the season is over and the young ones are grown up to maturity, the union is terminated, the pair separate, and each, at the commencement (开始) of a new season, chooses a mate again. Application to the Case of Man Now, in the case of man, the young require the aid of both parents for their nu

11、rture and protection; and inasmuch as each requires this attention for ten or twelve years at least, and as during the time while the first-born is attaining this age others succeed, the period during which the conjoined effort of the parents are required is protracted (拖延), without intermission, du

12、ring the whole of their lives that is, through all the portion of it during which their natural vigor continues unimpaired. It follows from this, and from the fact that the numbers of the sexes are equal, that according to the analogy of nature we should have expected that the human species would be

13、 provided with instincts leading them to unite in pairs, and to continue so united for life. We find, accordingly, that this is the fact everywhere. The marriage laws of all human societies are consequently made to guard and protect the marriage institution not to establish it. The institution itsel

14、f is founded in instincts and principles of our nature existing antecedent to all law. Indeed, the family institution, instead of waiting to be established by law, is often even more important and more prominent in low states of civilization than in high. It is most powerful where laws are weakest.

15、Instead of being created by law and thus following it in the order or time, it is itself rather the origin and source of law. So far as we have any opportunity to trace back the forms of social organization to their source, we find them arising usually, in the first instance, from that primordial (原

16、始的) and elementary bond, the union of husband with wife, which springs at once from the physical constitution and innate instincts of man, and is the germ from which all other systems of authority and subordination come. It was eminently so among the Indians. They lived in families throughout the le

17、ngth and breadth of the land the families of the same connection being grouped together in tribes. They lived generally in peace, and were engaged in labors of patient industry for providing food and clothing for themselves and their children. （分数：71.00）(1).The Indians were different from other comm

18、unities of human beings in that they didnt live in families.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The institution of marriage proves to be the practice of higher origin.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).It is a general law of nature that a male animal and a female animal unite, and they remain united until the young no longe

19、r need their joint assistance.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Sheep do not pair because their young do not require the joint attention of father and mother.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).In the case of birds, when_, the union is terminated, the pair separate, and each chooses a mate again.（分数：7.10）_(6).In the case o

20、f man, the young require the aid of both parents for_.（分数：7.10）_(7).The family institution, instead of being created by law, is itself rather_.（分数：7.10）_(8).It is curious to observe that the provision of nature by which man is led everywhere, is_ a general principle which pervades the whole animal c

21、reation.（分数：7.10）_(9).Birds pair, because _that both should co-operate to build the nest, and also that the father should bring food while the mother_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The marriage laws of all human societies are consequently made to _the marriage institution not to establish it.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening

22、Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He may convert it and use it as a restaurant.B.He may pull it down and build a new restaurant.C.He may rent it out for use as a restaurant.D.He may sell it.A.The woman is upset because she didnt pass the examination.B.The woman doesnt hope for a promotion.C.The man gets u

23、sed to counting on the woman.D.The man thinks that the women should be promoted.A.He is very quiet.B.He gives amusing lectures.C.He should give more than one series of talks.D.He lectures only to the serious students.A.Mark doesnt like water.B.Mark doesnt belong here.C.Mark is like a fish.D.Mark is

24、in this class.A.He was very slow in doing things.B.He was the right person to do such a thing.C.He is expected to do such a thing.D.He would never do such a thing.A.A stormy ocean.B.Calm water.C.Golden sand.D.Little waves.A.He lost a button at work.B.He doesnt know where he put the calculator.C.He t

25、hinks he broke something the woman lent him.D.Hes not sure how to solve the math problem.A.He is having a hard time letting his apartment.B.He prefers his old tenant to the new one.C.He is not accustomed to living with the new tenant yet.D.He doesnt want to lend his apartment to her.四、Section A(总题数：

26、2，分数：10.00)A.George Washington.B.Thomas Jefferson.C.James Madison.D.Abraham Lincoln.A.A British doll.B.Her best white dress.C.Her son.D.A picture of George Washington.A.The entire house.B.Six rooms only.C.The gardens only.D.The East Room only.A.A room with a single bed.B.A double room with two singl

27、e beds.C.A room with a double bed and a single bed.D.A double room and two double beds.A.Morning newspaper, continental breakfast and service.B.Morning newspaper, lunch and drinks.C.Morning newspaper, drinks and service.D.Morning newspaper, continental drinks and service.A.The nearest metro station

28、is only three minutes walk from the hotel.B.The nearest metro station is only four minutes walk from the hotel.C.The nearest metro station is only five minutes walk from the hotel.D.The nearest metro station is only three or four minutes walk from the hotel.A.The man, his wife and his daughter.B.The

29、 man and his wife.C.The mans wife and his two children.D.The man, his wife and his two children.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.In 1938.B.In 1946.C.In 1955.D.During the World War II.A.It reflects commercial interests.B.It is a fashionable professional event.C.It is an essential affair for international

30、 cinema.D.It is more concerned with the art of film than with financial.A.It is awarded to the best film of the festival.B.It was introduced in 1959.C.It was introduced by a commercial organization.D.Only American directors have received this award.A.Garbage Can Be Changed into Fertilizer.B.Overcomi

31、ng the Problem of Waste.C.Making Buildings with Garbage.D.Large Cities Are Anything but Beautiful.A.Garbage from food.B.01d cars.C.Empty bottles.D.Bottle glass.A.Pick out all the glass and metal.B.Get rid of dust.C.Bum waste paper.D.Screen earth and sand.A.Buildings.B.Roads.C.Films.D.Cities.A.How to

32、 suffer pain.B.How to avoid pain.C.How to handle pain.D.How to stop pain.A.How we look at pain.B.To feel pain as much as possible.C.To show an interest in pain.D.To accept the pain reluctantly.A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Radical.D.Practical.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Last week, speakers at a progra

33、m in Washington discussed using nanotechnology (纳米技术) to improve health care in developing countries. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots could be used to (36) 1cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looki

34、ng at a persons blood under a (37) 2. In poor countries, this process is often not (38) 3. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug (39) 4. Quantum dots are particles that give off light when (40) 5. Researchers are s

35、tudying ways to program them to (41) 6diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for (42) 7diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health talked about how nanotechnology could make dru

36、gs more (43) 8. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. (44) 9. Andrew Maynard is the chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. (45) 10. But he also noted that there is, some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-

37、sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：177.00)The desire for achievement is one of lifes great mysteries. Social s

38、cientists have devoted lifetimes to studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavor. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation. Given this diversity of thought, its easy to fo

39、rget that for a half century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of “positive reinforcement“ have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy rema

40、ins powerful in every realm of trash out. Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interest in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you will make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives an

41、d rewards are so much a part of American culture that its hard to imagine life without them. Yet thats exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today. A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging and diminishing performance, “our society is caught in a whoppin

42、g paradox,“ asserts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book published by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent research on the effectiveness of rewards. “We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we

43、 use to solve those problems damaging rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people is partly responsible for the fix were in.“ Its a tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse, t

44、o give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lose for tutoring youngsters dont teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incenti

45、ve plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns. （分数：88.50）(1).According to behaviorism, all human actions _.（分数：17.70）A.are based on stimulus and responseB.have no bearing on human drivesC.are supposed to be highly motivatedD.are of a great mystery(2).Behaviorism basically believes

46、 in _.（分数：17.70）A.motivationB.performanceC.rewardsD.human factors(3).From the passage, it can be inferred that _.（分数：17.70）A.rewards are highly effective in AmericaB.rewards are not much sought-after in academic circlesC.rewards have long lost their appeal in American societyD.Americans are addicted to rewards(4).The childrens behavior in the last paragraph _.（分数：17.70）A.can be best explained be behaviorismB.can be linked to Pavlovs dogsC.shows that rewards may well kill desireD.serve to provided evidence to behaviorism(5).Which