大学英语六级分类模拟题358及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 358及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street YouthA. Although small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such oppo

2、rtunities to young people. Even less attention has been paid to children living on the street or in difficult circumstance. B. Over the past nine years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) has been working with partner organizations in Africa, Latin America and India to support the economic lives of

3、street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K.I and our partners have learned. C. Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family bre

4、akdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, urban crime, and abuse. D. Children who work on the streets are generall

5、y involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks which require long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading. Some may also earn income through begging, or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there are street children who t

6、ake pride in supporting themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid-employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activ

7、ities such as education and domestic task. E. S.K.I. has worked with partner organizations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income. F. The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were

8、 supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, and which they were required to pay for gradually from their wages. A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India. G. Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the Y.W.C.A. in t

9、he Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine boxes. They were also given a safe place to store their equipment, and facilities for individual savings plans. H. The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Societ

10、y and the Y.W.C.A. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit. I. The following lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organizations have created. J. Being an entrepreneur is not for every

11、one, nor for every street child. Ideally, potential participants will have been involved in the organization“s programs for at least six months, and trust and relationship building will have already been established. K. The involvement of the participants has been essential to the development of rel

12、evant programs. When children have had a major role in determining procedures, they are more likely to abide by and enforce them. It is critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills. L. There are tremendous advantages to invol

13、ving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live, and to understand more about each individual“s situation. M. Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assets such as bicycles, shoe sh

14、ine kits and basic building materials for a market stall. As the entrepreneurs gain experience, the enterprises can be gradually expanded and consideration can be given to increasing loan amounts. The loan amount in S.K.I. programs have generally ranged. N. All S.K.I. programs have charged interest

15、on the loans, primarily to get the entrepreneurs used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates.) O. Conclusion There is a need to recognize the importance of access to credit for impoverished young people seeking to fulfil econo

16、mic needs. The provision of small loans to support the entrepreneurial dreams and ambitions of youth can be an effective means to help them change their lives. However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life ski

17、lls as well as productive businesses.（分数：20.00）(1).For many young people who work on the streets, they make a living through highly labour-demanding activities rather than intellect-intensive tasks.（分数：2.00）(2).Street youths are able to set up small-scale business supported by S.K.I, the Red Cross a

18、nd Y.W.C.A with other aids like business that this one is not using his arms strongly enough during take-off,“ says Dapena, who uses these methods to help high jumpers. To date, however, biomechanics has made only a small difference to athletic performance. K. Revolutionary ideas still come from the

19、 athletes themselves. For example, during the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, a relatively unknown high jumper named Dick Fosbury won the gold by going over the bar backwards, in complete contradiction of all the received high-jumping wisdom, a move instantly dubbed the Fosbury flop. Fosbury himself d

20、id not know what he was doing. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations. L. Fosbury also required another element tha

21、t lies behind many improvements in athletic performance: an innovation in athletic equipment. In Fosbury“s case, it was the cushions that jumpers land on. Traditionally, high jumpers would land in pits filled with sawdust. But by Fosbury“s time, sawdust pits had been replaced by soft foam cushions,

22、ideal for flopping. M. In the end, most people who examine human performance are humbled by the resourcefulness of athletes and the powers of the human body. “Once you study athletics, you learn that it“s a vexingly complex issue,“ says John S. Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University. “C

23、ore performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher, faster, longer. So many variables enter into the equation, and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. We“re got a long way to go.“ For the foreseeable future, records will be made to be broken.（分数：20.00）(1).Another factor found by

24、Fosbury is that equipment also contributes to athletic performance.（分数：2.00）(2).The fact that athletes are easily got hurt due to lacking of trace minerals has not been recognized by most trainers.（分数：2.00）(3).Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.（分数：2.00）(4).Only by inheriting good

25、 genes and adopting scientific training can athletes achieve excellent performance.（分数：2.00）(5).According to Jesus Dapena, genetics should be given to the priority among all elements.（分数：2.00）(6).One latest method to analyze body movement in action is biomechanics, which has slightly influence on at

26、hletic performance by now.（分数：2.00）(7).Scientists believe our current knowledge of athletics is basic.（分数：2.00）(8).Athlete himself created new ways like Fosbury flop, which directly made Fosbury win a gold metal.（分数：2.00）(9).Performance has improved most greatly in events requiting endurance.（分数：2.0

27、0）(10).The growing international importance of athletics led talented athletes to be recognized at a younger age.（分数：2.00）Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter. A. Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably

28、 proud of Bowdoin“s efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. “It is our responsibility to reach out and attract s

29、tudents to come to our kinds of places,“ he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. B. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day i

30、n several recent classes. C. “If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America,“ says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the plan

31、et“s air and water are becoming ever more polluted. B. But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book “The Limits to Growth“ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is

32、 now produced per head of the world“s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. C. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms

33、 of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient-associated with the early phase of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollutionthe release of greenhouse gases that causes global warmi

34、ng-does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it. D. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmenta

35、l standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality. E. One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many mo

36、re potential problems exist than is the case. F. Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for nature issued a press re

37、lease entitled: “Two third of the world“s forest lost forever“. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%. G. Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields

38、. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good. H. A third source

39、 of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America“s encounter with EI Nino in 1997 and

40、1998.This climatic phenomenon was accused of working tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. I. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US $4 billion but the benefits amounted to som

41、e US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters). J. The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws awa

42、y will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if the America“s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,

43、000th of the area of the entire United States. K. So what of globe warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 23 in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost ofUS$5,000 billion. L. Despite

44、 the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperature increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another wa

45、y, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100. M. So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solv

46、ing the world“s single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100. So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys and world six years. Yet the cost of reducing car

47、bon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world“s single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people fr

48、om becoming seriously ill. N. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimisticbut more costly still to be too pessimistic.（分数：20.00）(1).The production of food per head has been increased than previous year

49、s.（分数：2.00）(2).People are anxious that there will be few spaces to settle waste due to a large number of garbage.（分数：2.00）(3).Neither over optimism or pessimism is beneficial to us.（分数：2.00）(4).Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons, such as shortage of natural resources, extinction in species and planet pollutions.（分数：2.00）(5).The cost of cutting down carbon dioxide emissions will be higher than that of accommodating with the higher temperature.（分数：2.00）(6).Newspapers print items that are intended to meet readers“ expectations.（分数：2.00）(7).Some pol