大学英语四级-91及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级-91 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Tips for Those Who Travel AloneA. When it comes to traveling, sometimes taking a journey alone cart be great. Traveling alone allows for a time of self-reflection, relaxation and self-discovery, when you call take the time t

2、o soak in the finer things the world has to offer. The independence gained by going alone allows for the opportunity to experience your choice destination exactly the way you want. Planning your trip B. So you“ve finally decided to take advantage of some well-earned vacation time and visit Prague, t

3、he city of your dreams. Because you“ll be all by yourself, the planning of your trip is automatically different. One of the first questions worth attention is how you“re going to spend your time in the beautiful Czech Republic capital. Are you going on a shoestring budget, or would you rather go all

4、-out and book a room in a fancy hotel? C. Because traveling alone means your money is funding the trip, a wise choice would be to stay in youth hostels. Cast away the wrong idea that these places are uncomfortable and dirty, and accept the fact that hostels provide safe, clean, comfortable, and most

5、 importantly, cheap housing that millions of students and economical travelers take advantage of every year. It is relatively easy to book a room at a hostel via the Internet, and plenty of information is available about each one. On the other hand, if you can“t wait to take advantage of room servic

6、e and a Jacuzzi bath, then turn to a hotel. D. Along with securing your accommodations, prepare a route of the journey for each day before you leave. This plan should include everything from visiting all the famous landmarks to some relaxation time, which is essential since you“ll be likely walking

7、for miles in your comfortable shoes (invest in a good pair, it will pay off). As great as organization is, however, you may not, at times, have to be restrained by your plan so as to leave room for some sceneries unexpected or unplanned on your trip. That is exactly the beauty of traveling alone: Yo

8、u are your own master, and while preparation is key, there is always room to do something wild. Important information prior to takeoff E. One of the hardest parts of traveling in general is coming up with a list of what you“ll need to bring with you (or leave behind). Thinking of these all-important

9、 items becomes all the more difficult (and necessary) when you have no one else to rely on. Whatever luggage you take, make sure it“s easy to handle. The best solution is to take one hold-all, be it a suitcase or a backpack, and then a smaller bag which you can hang loosely from your shoulder. It“s

10、also a good idea to keep a change of clothing in your shoulder bag in case your suitcase or backpack gets lost by an airline or bus company. F. If you“re heading for a foreign country, don“t leave home without a bilingual dictionary. Although a strong grasp of Czech will prove quite difficult, it is

11、 still important to learn phrases like “thank you,“ “hello,“ “please,“ and “I didn“t know she charged money for her time,“ in case you“re in trouble. G. Make a copy of all essential travel documents such as your passport and health insurance. Keep the copies separate or leave them behind with someon

12、e you trust, in the event of an emergency. Along with cash, bring a credit card as an emergency method of payment and make sure to take note of your credit card company“s customer service line in case of loss or theft. That way, you can cancel your card immediately and have a new one delivered to yo

13、u while on your trip (if possible). H. A book to enjoy on a train ride or on the beach, a journal to record your experiences, and maps to educate yourself on the layout of the land (you can get these from a tourism bureau), can make a world of a difference. With these things in mind and a positive s

14、pirit, you are now officially ready to set out on your own. Finally there I. You“ve taken the big step, said goodbye to family and friends, endured a long plane ride, and are finally in the place you dreamed of visiting. until now. You might be quite overwhelmed by your new surroundings, but there a

15、re ways to control these feelings of over-stimulation. Instead of being an outsider looking in, try to transform yourself into a relaxed traveler who is not held back by minor frustrations, such as long lines at the train station or delays in visiting hours of certain landmarks. If you planned accor

16、dingly, then you can afford to “waste“ time at the busy tourist hotspots. Besides, you“re on vacation, and have nowhere to be! J. Another benefit of traveling alone is the ability to explore museums and engage in other time-consuming activities. There is no pressure to rush through exhibits or cut t

17、he visit short; pace yourself and take in the masterpieces, whether you“re an art lover or just a beginner. K. Make an effort to walk everywherewithin reason, of course. This will help you get in touch with the area (so to speak) and observe the locals in their element. Using your legs also allows y

18、ou to find interesting shops and cafes more easily than if you were on some poor-quality tour bus. Your goal should be to blend in, something a well-designed (and perhaps overpriced) tour won“t likely offer. Wear loose, light clothing because the more comfortable you feel, the more willing you will

19、be to stay out an extra hour to explore a section you might have overlooked. Remain enthusiastic, relaxed and prepared, and the stories you will have to share upon your return will be priceless. Extra tips L. Bring along a camera with lots of films. Leave your route with someone at home, along with

20、the numbers of each place you“re staying at. It“s okay if your plans are sketchy, but if there is a big change in your plans, you might want to e-mail the new information to your “in case of emergency“ person back home. Stay safe and keep an eye out when it comes to money or your belongings; you don

21、“t have a companion to catch the pickpocket creeping up from behind. While having fun is important, so is safety. Be carefree, but don“t throw caution to the wind.（分数：25.00）(1).If you have problems with the foreign language, you should take a bilingual dictionary along.（分数：2.50）(2).Poor-quality tour

22、 buses are less likely to take you to interesting shops and cafes.（分数：2.50）(3).It is suggested that one should bring with you a change of clothing in the shoulder bag.（分数：2.50）(4).When you arrive at the destination, you should turn yourself into a relaxed traveler rather than being an outsider looki

23、ng in.（分数：2.50）(5).If you bring a credit card, make sure you take down the service number of the card company in case of loss or theft.（分数：2.50）(6).Traveling alone offers an opportunity to experience the destination in an exact way you want.（分数：2.50）(7).In most cases, a tourism bureau may provide yo

24、u with maps.（分数：2.50）(8).Instead of being uncomfortable and dirty, youth hostels are safe, clean and cheap.（分数：2.50）(9).You should consider all the famous landmarks and relaxation in your travel schedule.（分数：2.50）(10).Traveling alone has a benefit that you can enjoy visiting museums, although it may

25、 be time-consuming.（分数：2.50）AstrologyA. Astrology is the study of how the sun, the moon, planets, and stars are supposedly related to life and events on the earth. It is based on the belief that the heavenly bodies form patterns that can reveal a person“s character or future. Many people throughout

26、the world believe in astrology. These people base important decisions on the advice of an astrologer (a person who tells fortunes by studying the stars). Other people declare there is no scientific basis for astrology, and they consider it a form of entertainment. B. Astrology differs from astronomy

27、. Astrology developed from a set of principles that originated more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, astronomy was also based on those same principles. But during the 1500“s and 1600“s, several astronomers, including Nicolaus Copernicus of Poland and Tycho Brahe of Denmark, made discoveries about

28、 the heavenly bodies that conflicted with the principles of astrology. As a result, astrology and astronomy became widely different in their methods and purposes. Today, astrologers observe the heavenly bodies to understand things that happen on the earth. Astronomers seek scientific knowledge about

29、 the various objects in space. C. The basic principle of astrology is that the heavenly bodies influence what happens on the earth. Astrologers learn about this influence by casting (drawing) a circular chart called a horoscope or birth chart. A horoscope shows the position of the planets in relatio

30、n to both the earth and the stars at a certain time. In most cases, it shows the position of these bodies at the time of a person“s birth. The system used by astrologers to cast a horoscope is based on a special view of the universe. This view involves four elements: the earth, the planets, the zodi

31、ac (黄道), and the houses. D. In casting a horoscope, astrologers place the earth at the center of the solar system. Therefore, all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth rather than around the sun. Astrologers use this arrangement to determine the positions of the heavenly bodies in relation to the

32、 earth. They believe that the study of the positions of the heavenly bodies can reveal a person“s character and future. In astrology, the moon and the sun are considered planets, along with Jupiter, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, and Venus. Each planet supposedly represents a force that affec

33、ts people in a certain way. Astrologers believe the planets influence a person more than any other heavenly bodies do. E. The zodiac is a band of stars that appear to encircle the earth. It is divided into 12 equal parts, called signs. Each sign of the zodiac has certain characteristics, which are d

34、etermined by a particular planet and other factors. Astrologers believe the signs determine how the planets affect a person“s character. The houses. Like the zodiac, the earth“s surface is divided into 12 parts. Each of these parts, called houses, represents certain characteristics of an individual“

35、s life. Astrologers believe the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a person“s daily life. F. Astrology began sometime before 2000 B.C. in Babylonia (now southeastern Iraq). Astrologers of that time knew of five planetsJupiter, Mars, Mercury, Saturn and Venus. They believed that

36、 the sun, the moon, and planets sent out different forces, which had certain characteristics. For example, one of the planetsnow known as Marsappeared to be red. Astrologers linked it with anger, aggression and war. G. The zodiac was probably developed in ancient Egypt, and the Babylonians adopted i

37、t sometime after 1000 B.C. Astrologers gradually developed a system that linked seasonal changes with specific group of stars called constellations (星座). At that time, for example, heavy rainfall occurred in Babylonia when the sun was in a certain constellation. As a result, astrologers named the co

38、nstellation Aquarius, the water bearer. H. At first, astrologers studied the heavenly bodies in making general predictions about the future. But between 600 B.C. and 200 B.C., they developed the system of casting individual horoscopes (以占星术算命). The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced astrology and g

39、reatly influenced its development. The Roman names for the planets and the signs of the zodiac are still used today. I. Interest in astrology declined in Europe with the coming of Christianity as people sought guidance from religious leaders rather than from astrologers. Astrology regained popularit

40、y during the A.D. 1100“s. By the 1600“s, it was particularly strong in England. Several astrological (历书) were published, and many other books either defended or attacked astrology. The number of followers of astrology fell in England during the 1700“s, but the subject“s popularity returned again in

41、 the early 1800“s. By the late 1800“s and early 1900“s, interest in astrology had spread to many other nations. Newspapers in England began publishing horoscope columns during the 1930“s. Such columns soon appeared in newspapers throughout the world, and people became increasingly interested in astr

42、ology. Today, astrology is followed more widely than ever before. J. Many people believe astrology is simply a superstition, and scientists declare that its whole basis is unscientific. Scientists point out that the earth“s position has changed in space since ancient times. As a result, the signs of

43、 the zodiac used by astrologers no longer match the constellations for which they were named. Some people who believe in astrology support it in terms of magnetic fields, solar storms and other natural occurrences. Others, though they also believe in astrology, claim that it cannot be supported scie

44、ntifically. They consider it a set of powerful symbols that can provide a deep understanding of human beings. They defend astrology by pointing out that, in many cases, it works.（分数：25.00）(1).Astrologers hold the belief that the planets exert more influence on a person than other heavenly bodies do.

45、（分数：2.50）(2).Publishing horoscope columns in newspapers helped to make astrology spread across the world widely.（分数：2.50）(3).Whenever the sun was in the constellation Aquarius, it rained heavily in Babylonia.（分数：2.50）(4).The discoveries of heavenly bodies that were against the principles of astrolog

46、y led to great differences between astrology and astronomy in their methods and purposes.（分数：2.50）(5).Astrology is based on the conviction that the patterns the heavenly bodies form can tell a person“s character or future.（分数：2.50）(6).Some people still believe in astrology, though they know it is un

47、scientific, by claiming that it works in many cases.（分数：2.50）(7).During the 1700“s in England, astrology gained less popularity than before.（分数：2.50）(8).In astrology, the earth is regarded as the center of the solar system.（分数：2.50）(9).Since Mars appeared to be red, astrologers believed that it repr

48、esented anger, aggression and war.（分数：2.50）(10).It“s believed by the astrologers that the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a person“s daily life.（分数：2.50）The US CongressA. The US congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. It is a bicameral (两院制的) law-making

49、 body of more than 500 members. Its two chambers are respectively called the House of Representatives and the Senate. The American two-house legislature, a product of the compromise between big states and small ones, embodies the American principle of balances and checks. All bills must carry both houses before becoming laws. B. The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Congress. The membership of the House is distributed among the states according to their different populations. Since 1910, the House has had a permanent membership of 435, with each Representative re