大学英语四级258及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级 258及答案解析(总分：746.55，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter oat thanks. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你过生日时收到了 Lucy 让人送来的鲜花，写信向她表示感谢。信的内容应包括： 1. 表达感

2、谢之意； 2. 提出回报对方； 3. 期待对方做客。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cholesterol and Heart Disease Do you know your cholesterol level? Many people dont. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is an important risk factor for heart disease. Some people say that the danger of heart disease is

3、exaggerated. However, heart disease is a main cause of death in developed countries. Every year more than one million Americans have heart attacks, and half of them die. People With heart disease suffer chest pains that make simple activities, such as walking, shaving, or taking a shower, difficult.

4、 Research has proven that cholesterol levels are Connected with heart disease. One project in Massachusetts has studied the same group of men and women since 1948. The researchers have found that the people who have high levels of cholesterol have more heart attacks. A natural substance in the blood

5、, cholesterol comes from the liver. The amount of cholesterol is affected by diet and by physical qualities we inherit from our parents. One kind of cholesterol sticks fat to the walls of arteries, making them smaller and finally blocking them. It produces a condition called “hardening of the arteri

6、es,“ which causes heart attacks. With tiny cameras, doctors can see blood circulating through the heart valves. Angiograms (血管造影照片) are x-rays of the heart arteries. They show fat deposits and blockages caused by high cholesterol. Heart disease begins in children as young as 3 years old. It occurs e

7、arlier in boys than in girls. Nearly half of teenagers have some fat deposits on their artery walls. Heart disease develops faster if we have high cholesterol levels and also smoke. What is a safe level of cholesterol? Adults have a high risk of heart attack if their cholesterol level is above 240 m

8、illigrams per deciliter (1/10 公升) of blood. Below 200 is better. In the Massachusetts study, no one with a cholesterol level below 150 has ever had a heart attack. However, about half of American adults have cholesterol levels above 200. To lower our cholesterol level, we must change our eating habi

9、ts. Anything that comes from an animal is high in fat and high in cholesterol. The American Heart Association National Cholesterol Education Program says that fat should be no more than 30 percent of our diet. Blood cholesterol levels start to fall after 2 to 3 weeks of following a low-cholesterol,

10、low-fat diet. Dietary changes alone can result in a 10 percent reduction of the average persons cholesterol level. Aerobic exercise helps, too. Artery blockage can be reduced by as much as 40 percent through changes in diet and amount of exercise. We must educate everyone, including children in elem

11、entary schools. We must teach them responsibility for their health through classes in nutrition and aerobic exercise. For example, the smart snack is fruit. Children must be served fruit in the school cafeteria, along with low-fat meals. Schools must send recipes home with the children. Parents must

12、 include children in planning and preparing meals and shopping for food. Adults, including persons over the age of sixty five, can lower their cholesterol by 30 or 40 percent. It is never too late to change. One man began his health program when he was seventy- three. By the time he was seventy-seve

13、n, he had lowered his arterial blockage from 50 percent to 13 percent and his cholesterol from 320 to 145 without drugs. He went on a vegetarian diet with only 10 percent fat, plus programs to reduce stress and get more exercise. A low-cholesterol diet that cuts out most animal products and high-fat

14、 vegetables may be unfamiliar to people. The Heart Association says to use no added fat of any kind. Dont fry food in oil. Cook it in water, vinegar, or vegetable water. Learn about grains and vegetables. Avoid egg yolks (the yellow part of the egg). Eat potatoes, beans, low fat vegetables, and frui

15、t. People often complain about low-fat diets before they have had time to get used to them. Food can taste good without cream, butter, and salt. You can use olive oil, mustard, fresh herbs, or yogurt instead. A new diet can cause general anxiety, when people feel worried and nervous about what is go

16、ing to happen. They must learn to deal with the changes in their lives. Sometimes major changes in diet or lifestyle are easier than minor ones because the results are bigger and faster. Fast results encourage us. How can you control the amount of fat in your diet if you eat in restaurants? Restaura

17、nts must provide healthy meals that are low in fat, salt, and cholesterol. A diet is a personal thing. Restaurant owners should not make customers feel embarrassed because they want to follow a diet that is good for them. Restaurant owners must learn to give equal service to customers on a healthy d

18、iet. Some restaurants have items on the menu marked with a heart to show that they are low in fat, cholesterol, salt, or sugar. A few restaurants serve only these recipes. Heart disease causes one out of every four deaths in East Harlem in New York City. The East Harlem Healthy Heart Program is an e

19、ducational program. It has 2 goals: to get people to change their diets and to find volunteers to help run educational activities. One way it educates is by street shows. Actors wear costumes and carry big pieces of plastic fat. They entertain so people will listen. Groups of children perform songs

20、and dances that educate people about heart disease and diet. Volunteers lead walking and exercise groups to show people how to begin exercising. Volunteers also stand in supermarkets to suggest healthy food choices to shoppers. The volunteers have shoppers taste two kinds of milk to see which tastes

21、 better. Most people are surprised that the low-fat milk tastes better than the whole milk. Shoppers are encouraged to buy low-fat milk instead of whole milk. Education costs money, but it also brings results. In 1983, only 35 percent of the American public knew their cholesterol levels. By 1990, 65

22、 percent of the people had had theirs checked. People feel better if they lower their cholesterol through diet. Healthy people are more confident. They are more attractive to themselves, as well as to others. Their friends stare at them because they look so healthy. We can prevent heart disease by l

23、iving a healthful lifestyle and eating the right kind of diet. If people dont do this, two out of three men and women in America will eventually get heart disease. （分数：71.00）(1).No direct relationship has been proven between high cholesterol levels and heart attacks. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Boys have

24、 a higher risk of developing heart disease than girls. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Old people shouldnt bother to change their eating habits because its too late for it to do them any good. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Low-fat diets always taste bad. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).It can be easier to change our diet a

25、lot than to change it a little. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).More than twice as many people had their blood cholesterol levels checked in 1990 as in 1983 . （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The article deals with the link between cholesterol and heart disease and the suggestions to pre- vent them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.N

26、G(8).Children should learn more responsibility or their health through 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).One of the educational activities in East Harlem Healthy Heart Program is 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Consumers are encouraged to buy low-fat milk rather than 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：

27、15.00)A.He will return the following week.B.He will be back immediately after the holiday.C.He will come back for the holiday.D.He will begin his vacation next week.A.The speakers are bothered by the smoke.B.The man complains the smoke in the room.C.The room is very hot.D.The woman is bothered by th

28、e smoke.A.In the living room.B.In the bedroom.C.In the garden.D.In the garage.A.$10.00.B.$6.00.C.$20.00.D.$4.00.A.In a mill.B.In a bank.C.In an airport.D.In a post office.A.He was late.B.He is hoping for a promotion.C.He is a new employee.D.The boss usually leaves messages for him.A.The Best of Jazz

29、.B.Christmas Carols.C.Rock Music Collection.D.Classical Favorites.A.She doesnt like to go shopping.B.She went shopping yesterday.C.She doesnt live near the shops.D.She prefers shopping to studying.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The election for senator.B.The election for treasurer.C.The election for s

30、ecretary.D.The election for president.A.Theyre competing against each other in an election.B.The man is writing the womans speech.C.The man is interviewing the woman.D.The woman is planning the mans campaign.A.Make posters.B.Write a speech.C.Answer questions.D.Study chemistry.A.Compare their lecture

31、 notes.B.Give a speech at school canteen.C.Prepare questions to be asked.D.Vote in the school election.A.Its already full.B.Its only offered in the morning.C.Its only open to poetry majors.D.It requires another class first.A.He has another class at the same time.B.Hes already familiar with the mater

32、ial.C.The class meets during his working hours.D.The class is too far away.A.He wants to work the same schedule as his friends.B.He likes to do his homework in the evenings.C.All the other work schedules conflict with his classes.D.He doesnt want to ask his boss for another favor.A.The class size is

33、 smaller.B.It may offer the class he needs during the day.C.Its courses cost less.D.It has a pool.A.Taking notes.B.Oiling the gate.C.Singing high notes.D.Overcoming her weakness.A.He was attracted by Mrs Jones.B.He had heard a noise.C.He had run out of gas.D.His tyres were punctured.A.The tyres.B.An

34、other car passing by.C.The brakes.D.Mrs Joness singing.A.She was fond of singing.B.She lived in a small house.C.She was a shy person.D.She was not conscious of her weakness.A.A fast, new car.B.A fast, old car.C.A slow, old car.D.A fast, small car.A.He often paints pictures in black.B.He paints very

35、colorful pictures.C.He paints pictures with only a few colors.D.He never paints beautiful pictures.A.Two.B.Five.C.Four.D.Six.A.Because they have a driving license.B.Because they have received special training.C.Because the traffic conditions in London are good.D.Because the traffic system of the cit

36、y is not very complex.A.Two to four months.B.About three weeks.C.At least half a year.D.Two years or more.A.Government officers are hard to please.B.The learner has to go through several tough tests.C.The learner usually fails several times before he passes it.D.The driving test usually lasts two mo

37、nths.A.Because they dont want their present bosses to know what theyre doing.B.Because they want to earn money from both jobs.C.Because they cannot earn money as taxi drivers yet.D.Because they look forward to further promotion.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The young man was a French (36) 1, the son of

38、 one of the richest and most important (37) 2 of France. He had heard about the revolution taking place in America. He wanted to go and help. He was only eighteen years old. He was tall, handsome, and a familiar (38) 3 in the high society of Paris. His family tried to stop him. They asked the King o

39、f France to throw him into jail in order to stop him, but the young had already (39) 4 his own ship and (40) 5 some young friends to go with him. He (41) 6 and came to America. The young man was the Marquis de Lafayette. Upon his arrival, he (42) 7 that no one knew him here. He had been (43) 8 that

40、he would be an officer in the American army, (44) 9. He could not go back to France. Instead, he offered to serve as a volunteerwithout pay. Congress accepted. Later Lafayette met Washington. (45) 10. Lafayette became Washingtons personal aide. Once toward the end of the war, (46) 11. Lafayette aske

41、d Congress for new uniforms. Congress had no money with which to buy uniforms. Using his own personal credit, Lafayette went to the merchants of Baltimore and, at his own expense, a new uniform for each man two thousand in all. In this way, his men were able to go on fighting. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1

42、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural b

43、y-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world - if we start valuing water mo

44、re than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want

45、. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and enviro

46、nmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, th

47、ey must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. （分数：177.50）(1).

48、What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（分数：35.50）A.Only half of the worlds water can be used.B.The world population is increasing faster and faster.C.Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.D.Humanity has not placed efficient value on water resources.(2).As indicated in the passage, the water problem _.（分数：35.50）A.is already serious in certain parts of the worldB.has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD