大学英语四级265及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级 265 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Which Mode of Life Do You Prefer? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below: 1有些人喜欢生活中充满变化 2有些人喜欢稳定的生活 3我的选

2、择 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent over the last 20 years an increase that comes with a series of consequences for

3、food, farmers, consumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall offered apples grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part of the Harvest Food Festiv

4、al, the “make-your-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce (农产品) available on Tufts campuses. Friedman School Ph.D. student Melissa Bail

5、ey is one of those devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts graduate students in the 1990s to raise awareness about the environmental, s

6、ocial and health issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if its not institutionalized as part of the community.“ So Bailey joined forces w

7、ith Julie Lampie, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Georgia Kayser to work on the project. Together, the team works to raise awarenes

8、s, solve problems and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness among the student body to the point where student demand drives the addition of

9、 local produce to Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also described the personal and global benefits of eating locally grown produce. “Of co

10、urse the students loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choice.“ From farm to fork What are the benefits of buying local? Obviously, prod

11、uce making the trip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Shorter trips also require less energy-consuming refr

12、igeration and waste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas emissions (释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, water, pesticides and fertil

13、izers that go into raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001, homeland security experts have even noted that food is mo

14、re vulnerable to sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available in the average supermarket. That puts the nations food supply at gr

15、eater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food within a day or two. But as the interest in consuming locally grown pr

16、oduce blossoms, the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch Institute estimates consumers are spending some $1 billion annually at local fa

17、nners markets, pouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volume that we use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love farming apples, and they just

18、 saw this as a great community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for features that will help them survive the trip, not necessarily enhance their fla

19、vor. Double-blind taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating menus based solely on whats locally available. “The chefs Julie Lampie works w

20、ith were great,“ she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one, long, cold problem. “The limitation is the winter, basically,“ Lampie laments

21、. “There is so little available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Massachusetts farmers produce everything from apples to watermelons. But after Se

22、ptember, only Octobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the earliest produce would be and when we could get them, and, two, give the chef

23、s time to prepare,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from national vendors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮的) and cubed (切成方块的) . Let

24、tuce often arrives washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potatoes this way. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having the staff peel hundreds of

25、 potatoes,“ Bailey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are obstacles, but I think there are lots of opportunities to overcome those obs

26、tacles when you consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Bailey has secured a grant to encourage the Tufts chefs to increase the amoun

27、t of local produce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the local food can help to boost t

28、he local economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will get the staff in the cafeteria to give the added-value to the local produce.（分数

29、：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for them to make a sensible food choice, and she doesnt want to make_.（分数：7.10）_(

30、10).The chefs in the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Making hotel reservations.B.Writing postcards.C.Washing the windows.D.Looking at photographs.A.As funny.B.As dishonest.C.As foolish.D.As polite.A.Shes not home now.B.Hes not sur

31、e if shes there.C.Shes talking on another phone.D.He can see her.A.He paid it today for the first time.B.He pays it after its due.C.He pays it on the last day of the month.D.Hes planning to pay it tomorrow.A.The man has changed his destination.B.The man is returning his ticket.C.The man is flying to

32、 New York tomorrow morning.D.The man cant manage to go to New York as planned.A.It is no longer available.B.It has been reprinted four times.C.The store doesnt have it now, but will have it soon.D.The information in the book is out of date.A.Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman.B.Ma

33、rgaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.C.Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman.D.Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.A.Do her homework.B.Wash clothes.C.Clean the backyard.D.Enjoy the beautiful day.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He has lost his job.B.H

34、is design studio has gone out of business.C.His clientele is declining.D.He has got a cut in pay.A.Six months.B.Ten months.C.Two years.D.Five years.A.Tony rather likes his present job.B.Tony has been laid off as of April 30.C.It is very likely for Tony to return to his job in the summer.D.Some other

35、 employees have lost their jobs before Tony.A.He is not highly skilled.B.He has had several complaints lodged against him.C.He is not able to get along with other designers.D.He has not been working there very long.A.North of Los Angles.B.Between Los Angles and San Diego.C.East of San Diego.D.Los An

36、glesA.They are a type of insect.B.They are a kind of fish.C.They are a type of bird.D.They are a type of pig.A.In March.B.In early summer.C.In October.D.In April.A.He wanted to find a place to read his papers.B.He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.C.He felt thirsty and wanted some coffee

37、.D.He went there to meet his friends.A.Toys for children.B.Important documents.C.Food and coffee.D.Clothes and scientific papers.A.The woman took his case on purpose.B.All his papers had been stolen.C.He had taken the womans case.D.The woman played a joke on him.A.Whether it can be detected and chec

38、ked.B.Whether it will lead to widespread food shortage.C.Whether global warming will speed up in the future.D.Whether it will affect their own lives.A.Many species have moved further north.B.Many species have come into existence.C.Many species have developed a habit of migration.D.Many species have

39、become less sensitive to climate.A.Storms and floods.B.Disease and fire.C.Less space for their growth.D.Rapid increase of the animal population.A.They will gradually die out.B.They will be able to survive in the preserves.C.They will have to migrate to find new homes.D.They will face extinction with

40、out artificial reproduction.A.Vacations.B.Wages.C.Overcrowded classrooms.D.Paid sick leaves.A.They want the teachers to resign.B.They want the teachers to return to work.C.They are very sympathetic toward the strike.D.They are refusing to comment on the situation.A.Parent Board.B.District Court.C.Te

41、achers Union.D.School Committee.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The number of products and services now available on-line is growing. Now, some Americans can get a medical (36) 1on-line. For most Americans, a visit to the doctor is a (37) 2process. They may have to take time off from work, get to the cli

42、nic or medical office, then wait until the doctor is available before they can even begin (38) 3why theyre there. But, do patients really have to go through all that? Probably not, says Chuck Kilo. “(39) 4, 50% 70% of the cases in primary care, the answer is no, they did not really need to be there.

43、 “ Dr. Kilo (40) 5a medical practice in Oregon that specializes in e-visits. Dr. Kilo says on-line consultations arent much different from office visits. Patients with chronic (41) 6 like hypertension or diabetes usually came to see him just to have their charts (42) 7. Now, he uses e-mail and elect

44、ronic spreadsheets to (43) 8 their blood pressure or insulin levels. (44) 9. Advocates of e-visitslike Jack Friedman, CEO of Providence Health Plansay the technology allows everyone to benefit. (45) 10. As he sees it, “(46) 11 isnt always the most productive way to get your primary care needs met.“

45、（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvanias Pocono Mountains, a home they

46、share with an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows (草地) , mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats (栖息地) are endan

47、gered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, The Nature Conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one of Americas “Last Great Places“. Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of kong Pond, Pennsylvania, the Conservancys Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environm