大学英语四级47及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级 47及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter oat thanks. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你过生日时收到了 Lucy 让人送来的鲜花，写信向她表示感谢。信的内容应包括： 1. 表达感谢

2、之意； 2. 提出回报对方； 3. 期待对方做客。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nations population that works for pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its labor force. Most of them worked on farms, m

3、ost of whom were men. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom were women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U. S. labor force has undergone many changes. One of the most significant of these changes

4、 is in the decline in the number of blue collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor. Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工), mechanics, and painters; construction workers, and truck dr

5、ivers. Although the number of blue-collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-collar jobs more quickly and efficiently than p

6、eople can. In contrast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white collar workers made up about 20 percent of the labor force; today, 67 percent of all American

7、wage earners hold white collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white-collar jobs, such as those in programming and information processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the

8、opportunities for women to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视)against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nurses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War -1941 through 1945-brought about many changes in the labor force. M

9、en were drafted to serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full production to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs. Women

10、not only repaired airplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and ma chinery, and did clerical work. During the war years, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of whose husbands were in the armed forces, made

11、up the greatest number of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were married. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwar Years After the war, the men who returned

12、from the armed forces went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved they could do these jobs well. As a result,

13、 the traditional barriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear. As the postwar prosperity continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the labor force. Many women found that they enj

14、oyed not only employment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independence gave them new choices and made them aware

15、of a wider range of roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many began raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went to work. As a result, the percentage of wome

16、n workers declined after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social changes in the United States, some of which were brought about by the womens liberation movement. Many women became keenly aware that they were often paid l

17、ess than men for doing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs and in education still existed. As a result of womens protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that made discrimination against women in jobs and

18、education illegal. This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living, made it necessary for both the h

19、usband and wife to hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to survive the recession of that period. Many manu

20、facturing industries, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of the recession more mothers of young childre

21、n entered the labor force. In general, families in the 1970s,80s, and90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has therefore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married women have been free to join the job market.

22、 Coupled with the trend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, About 60 percent were employed. A Changing Labor Force

23、Shifts from blue-collar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are altering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fields of employment. Nevertheless, todays (19

24、90s) workers-whether blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers prior to the 1940s. （分数：71.00）(1).In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The application of adv

25、anced automated and computerized machinery will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).During World War , some jobs which previously excluded women were open to them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).After the war, returned male workers were responsible for the total loss of womens jo

26、bs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor forc

27、e during 1940s and 1990s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed m the emergence of _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1980s, many manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Compared with the workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s

28、 earn more, work shorter hours, and are given _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Two blocks.B.Five blocks.C.Three blocks.D.Four blocks.A.He suggests that she buy the sweater in another color.B.He suggests that she buy a jacket instead of the sweater.C.He suggests that she buy the s

29、weater at its original price.D.He suggests that she buy the sweater on Friday.A.It was cleaned.B.There was a large sale.C.The employees had to work very late.D.There was a robbery.A.Be a bad boy.B.Eat too fast.C.Go to a game.D.Skip his lunch.A.A salesman.B.A telephone repairmanC.A plumber.D.An elect

30、rician.A.She didnt understand what Eva was saying.B.Eva should have been more active.C.Eva didnt seem to be nervous at all during her presentation.D.Eva needs training in public speaking lessons.A.Whether to change his job.B.Asking for a higher salary.C.Accepting a new secretary.D.Getting a better p

31、osition.A.He could help her with the problems.B.He could go out together with her.C.She should go out for a while.D.She should do the problems herself.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Last night.B.Tonight.C.Yesterday afternoon.D.This morning.A.The use of photographs in painting.B.The TV program about No

32、rman Rockwell.C.The Saturday Evening Post magazine.D.Exhibits of art on magazine covers.A.He imagined them.B.He used magazine covers.C.He hired models.D.He read stories.A.He was a prolific painter.B.He was an eccentric person.C.He was an avid reader.D.He was a good teacher.A.Relaxing at the seashore

33、.B.Visiting her parents.C.Sailing on a boat.D.Preparing for a race.A.She was invited only for the weekend.B.The weather was too hot.C.She had an appointment.D.She had schoolwork to do.A.She had to go home.B.She was too tired to continue.C.She had to finish her schoolwork.D.She was thirsty.A.It ha be

34、en proven to be the best pain-killer.B.It is a possible cure for heart disease.C.It can help lower high body temperature effectively.D.It reduces the chance of death for heart surgery patients.A.It keeps blood vessels from being blocked.B.It speeds up their recovery after surgery.C.It in creases the

35、 blood flow to the heart.D.It adjusts their blood pressure.A.It is harmful to heart surgery patients with stomach bleeding.B.It should not be taken by heart surgery patients before the operation.C.It will have considerable side effects if taken in large doses.D.It should not be given to patients imm

36、ediately after the operation.A.A small town in Britain.B.A labor camp.C.A new type of jail.D.A big gymnasium in Scotland.A.Women criminals in Scotland.B.Criminals who are given long sentences.C.Criminals who are given short sentences.D.Criminals in Scotland.A.The reward the prisoners get for their w

37、ork.B.The comfortable accommodation.C.The way the prisoners are treated.D.The officers sympathy for the prisoners.A.To give the prisoners more freedom.B.To help the prisoners keep their self-respect.C.To help the prisoners develop the sense of independence.D.To turn the prisoners into skilled worker

38、s.A.Yes. Because he is never sick.B.Yes. Because he wakes up feeling good every morningC.No. Because his heart muscle was severely damaged.D.No. Because he suffered a heart attack.A.It is impossible for us to stop heart attacks and many people die for it.B.Advances in medicine help stop many heart a

39、ttacks and keep people alive.C.Lifestyle changes have increased the number of heart attacks.D.We have the technology to cure all the heart attacks.A.The longer people live, the fewer heart attacks people will meet.B.The number of heart attacks is decreasing.C.There is no evidence that heart attacks

40、are decreasing.D.We can fight against different types of heart disease.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For Americans, time is money. They say, “ You only get so much time in this life, youd better use it wisely. “The (36) 1without be better than the past or present, as Americans are (37) 2to see things,

41、unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans (38) 3a “well-organized“ person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) 4for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and is (40) 5of other peoples time. They do not (41) 6peoples time with conversation or other

42、 activity that has no (42) 7beneficial outcome. The American attitude toward time is not (43) 8shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as (44) 9. One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved

43、whenever possible and used wisely every day. In this context (45) 10. McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonalds restaurants (46) 11, bringing not just hamburgers, bu

44、t an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare hon

45、esty across a range of communications media has found that emails are automatically recorded and can come back to haunt (困扰) you appears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca. New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted

46、 the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent

47、 of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected entailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception make

48、s people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be re