大学英语四级分类模拟题399及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 399及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)We certainly live in stressful times today; chances are no matter who you are and what you do for a living, you“re feeling some tension and stress! One thing that helps to 1 tension is to be phy

2、sically active but of course this is 2 for many people as they spend all day at a desk, in front of a computer, and then drive everywhere they need to go. However, there are some simple stress-relief exercises that anyone can do, no matter what your physical state is and no matter how busy your sche

3、dule is. It“s important to make sure that you don“t overdo any physical activity you try and are 3 of your own limitations. Let“s look at these simple stress-relief exercises and see if they work in your case as well. Yoga and tai chi have been 4 effective stress-relief exercises for years. Some peo

4、ple 5 these practices as being tied to Eastern or Asian religions but really, today“s routines are 6 just simple stretching and breathing practices. When you gently stretch your muscles you are helping them to stay limber (柔软的) and are 7 blood flow. These are good stress-relief exercises because you

5、 can stretch as far as what is 8 for you and can adjust your routines to what is the best for you. There is no pressure with yoga or tai chi the way you might feel with aerobics classes or anything that goes at a much quicker 9 . They are also completely impact-free so no matter what your physical s

6、tate is right now you can get into a good 10 that stretches the muscles. A. acceleration I. encouraging B. assigning J. pace C. aware K. psychologically D. comfortable L. relieve E. considered M. routine F. difficult N. served G. dismiss O. typically H. doubtful（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)W

7、ho Says Girls Should Be Secretaries Not Scientists?A. The main concern of Daniela Schallert, Executive Director, ABZ Austria, a women“s training organization, is that gender imbalance in her country“s education system may be undervaluing and underutilizing its female citizens. “Men continue to outnu

8、mber women across Europe at universities, research institutes and in industry,“ she says. ABZ is Vienna-based and has a staff of 65 women, including experts, who work mainly to ensure gender equality in the labor market. B. At present, Mechanical Engineering attracts 10 percent of female students to

9、 the Vienna University of Technology, while the percentage of women in Chemical Engineering is two percent. Further statistics regarding female employees in academic fields reveal that few women make it to high positions. Female academics total 24 percent in Austria and in Europe the number is just

10、29 percent. C. To make a difference, ABZ got together with Renate Brauner, the capital“s vice mayor, in an effort to increase the proportion of girls studying natural science and technology related subjects. Brauner chipped in Euro 200,000 for a summer campaign to introduce 100 female students betwe

11、en 16 years and 18 years to university departments that are considered a male domain. Girls from different state-run schools in Vienna, who have signed up for the summer programme, will get an opportunity to become familiar with the natural sciences and technological subjects in the hope that they w

12、ill opt for them once they finish school. Experts will introduce them to traditionally male-dominated topics, as they meet professors, help with research work in laboratories and spend time in computer rooms. At the end of the one-month orientation period, each student will be paid Euro 700 as an in

13、centive. D. These efforts are expected to eventually eliminate gender disparity on a campus like the Vienna University of Technology where female students enrolled in 2007 comprised a mere 25 percent of all students. Subjects such as informatics, physics and mechanical manufacturing continue to be d

14、ominated by male students to this day. The ABZ works in close cooperation with Vienna University, the city“s University of Technology, and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences. The main challenge remains to break through the unwillingness of many female secondary school students

15、 to study traditionally male subjects. “Due to the stereotyping, women do not even think of being part of technical education. For women and girls here to choose a non-traditional profession means challenging the accepted female identity. Therefore, year after year girls go for typical female profes

16、sions in an attempt to preserve the female identity,“ Schallert observes with regret, adding that this way of thinking pervades the Austrian school system and the higher academic fields. E. According to Schallert, the classical three professions chosen by a majority of women in Austria continue to b

17、e retailing, secretarial help and hairdressing. And the conventional view of women as housewives and men as breadwinners is the rule not just in Austria but across Europe where gender inequality on university campuses is serious. In 2006, the European Commission (EC. reported that although 40 percen

18、t of Ph.D. students in the natural sciences are female, only 11.3 percent make it to the top positions as professors and research directors. In engineering and technology, 21.9 percent of Ph.D. students are female, but this total dips to 5.8 percent at the highest levels of academia. F. The average

19、proportion of women on scientific boards is 24 percent, with Norway and Finland at 48 percent and 47 percent, respectively. This figure is a stark (明显的) contrast to countries like Italy and Poland, with 13 percent and seven percent. Research funding also suggests a gender gap. In 17 of 26 European c

20、ountries, men have higher success rates for securing funding. Aware of the low level of female representation in scientific and technical research in general and in higher positions in particular, the EC and European Parliament would like to see the number of women in higher scientific ranks raised

21、to 25 percent. G. The European Union (EU) first started to address the issue in 1999, when it set up an evaluation committee known as the “Helsinki Group.“ Sociologists and natural scientists on the panelhailing from EU member countriesdrafted reports on the situation in their countries. The group a

22、lso appointed “statistical correspondents“, based at national universities and private institutes, to ensure European statistics were comparable across countries. The reports of the Helsinki Group and their correspondents serve as guidelines for the EU and individual countries. Gender inequality has

23、 been an issue in Austria for long. The ABZ was born in 1992 to help women find gainful employment. The entry of Austria into the EU in 1995 was also an invitation for women to participate in the labor market. H. In order to prepare women for a future in non-traditional jobs, the ABZ offers training

24、 and a work programme according to the principle “learning by doing“ to 20 women each year. Two other initiatives help out women interested in technical professions. “Women in technology“ is a project of the public employment service where women also benefit from the advisory service of the country“

25、s public employment service. “Girls and techniques“ was founded in 2002 with the similar aim to support and encourage women and girls to pursue a more technical profession. However, the greatest challenge remains: to break through barriers of gender stereotyping that has harmed women“s self-esteem.

26、As a result of that stereotyping, girls are not expected to perform well in math and science. Consequently, girls“ self-confidence in these subjects is diminished. In the manner of a self-fulfilling prophecy, this has led to fewer women pursuing the study of the “hard“ sciences. And those who do suc

27、ceed in the sciences early in life abandon it later. I. Very few studies compare men“s and women“s career paths in the sciences but it is well known that a majority of professional women eventually allow their partner“s career to take precedence over theirs. Most women bear the major but unpaid resp

28、onsibility of childcare. Women publish fewer papers during their early careers compared to their male colleagues and in addition they end up contributing towards making social changes almost impossible.（分数：40.00）(1).Girls“ lack of confidence in performing well in math and science is caused by gender

29、 stereotyping.（分数：4.00）(2).Renate Brauner funded a summer campaign in order to make more girls study natural science and technological subjects.（分数：4.00）(3).The main responsibility of ABZ is to ensure gender equality in the labor market.（分数：4.00）(4).According to Schallert, women choose the tradition

30、al female professions because they want to maintain their female identity.（分数：4.00）(5).It may be impossible for women to make contributions to social changes at present situation.（分数：4.00）(6).Further statistics show that only few women take very high positions in academic fields.（分数：4.00）(7).Gender

31、inequality is a serious problem on university campuses throughout Europe.（分数：4.00）(8).From “women in technology“ project, women can get advisory service about Austria“s public employment service.（分数：4.00）(9).The female students can reap a sum of money as rewards at the end of the summer campaign.（分数

32、4.00）(10).It“s easier for men to secure funding than women in many European countries.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Children are losing the ability to play properly because they are being given too many toys and games, according to a new research. The studies show

33、that childrenespecially those under fiveare often overwhelmed and actually play less than those with fewer toys. It may even harm their development. Some of the work was done by Claire Lerner, a childhood development researcher with Zero to Three, which is funded by the U.S. government to run pre-sc

34、hool educational programs across America. “Our studies show that giving children too many toys or toys of the wrong type can actually be doing them harm. They get overwhelmed and cannot concentrate on any one thing long enough to learn from it.“ said Lerner. Her conclusions have been backed up by Br

35、itish researchers looking at children with relatively few toys, whose parents spend more time reading, singing or playing with them. It showed such children surpass youngsters from more affluent (富裕的) backgroundseven those who had access to computers. Kathy Sylva, professor of educational psychology

36、 at Oxford University, reached her conclusions from a study of 3,000 children from the ages of three to five. She said, “There is a complex relationship between children“s progress, the type of toys they are given and the time parents spend with them. When they have a large number of toys there seem

37、s to be a distraction element, and when children are distracted they do not learn or play well.“ Some parents notice the impact early. Orhan Ismail, a researcher from Colchester, Essex, saw a change for the worse in Cameron, his 10-month-old son, after he was given a “deluge“ (蜂拥而至) of toys last Chr

38、istmas. Ismail said, “If there are too many toys in front of him, he will just keep flitting around them and then end up going off and finding something like a slipper (拖鞋) to play with. Now we just get out one or two toys and hide the rest in a box.“ Experts hesitate to put a figure on the number o

39、f toys children should have, but many believe two-dozen is enough for children of pre-school age.（分数：15.00）(1).What is children“s response when they are given too many toys?（分数：3.00）A.They try to destroy the toys.B.They turn to play with their parents.C.They are angered by the toys.D.They feel confu

40、sed to choose one.(2).What does the British research indicate according to the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Parents should spend more time with their children.B.Children benefit much from toys given by their parents.C.Parents should carefully manage children“s access to computers.D.Parents should buy

41、 computers for their children.(3).What does Kathy Sylva think may be a distraction element to children?（分数：3.00）A.Being unable to learn or play well.B.Being given a large number of toys.C.Being given only a few types of toys.D.Their relationship with their parents.(4).What did Orhan Ismail do after

42、he saw a change for the worse in his son?（分数：3.00）A.He threw toys of the wrong type away.B.He gave his son other things such as a slipper.C.He limited the number of toys his son played with.D.He hid all the toys in a box.(5).What“s the main idea of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Children are losing the abil

43、ity to play properly with too many toys.B.Children should be given as many toys as possible.C.Parents“ company is important for children“s progress.D.Many toys restrict children“s imagination.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Choose wisely when considering a partner, whether to attend church and how you

44、look after your body. These decisions could have a significant effect on your life satisfaction. That“s according to a study that challenges the theory that life happiness is largely predetermined by your genes. This widely-accepted “set-point“ theory of happiness says that an individual“s long-term

45、 happiness tends to be stable because it depends mainly on genetic factors. The idea is based in part on studies that show identical twins have more similar levels of life satisfaction than non-identical twins, and suggests that although your level of happiness may occasionally be thrown off by majo

46、r life events, it will always return to a set level within two years. To find out whether people really are destined for a certain level of happiness, Bruce Headey at the University of Melbourne and his team questioned people about their jobs, lifestyles and social and religious activities. They fou

47、nd that certain changes in lifestyle led to significant long-term changes in life satisfaction, rather than causing the temporary deflections in happiness that set-point theory would suggest. One of the biggest influences on a person“s happiness was his or her partner“s level of neuroticism (神经过敏症).

48、 Those with partners who scored highly on tests for neuroticism were more likely to be unhappy. Altruism (利他主义) and family values also influenced long-term happiness. People who place a higher priority on altruistic behaviours and family goals were rewarded with a long-term increase in life satisfac

49、tion. Those who prioritised career and material success, however, experienced a corresponding lasting decline. Having strong religious commitments also seemed to help in the pursuit of happiness. “People who attend church regularly seem to be happier than people who are not religious,“ says Headey. A person“s weight turned out to be another factor for long-term happiness, especially for women. Underweight men scored slightly lower than those with healthy weights, while women reported being significantly less happy when they were obese. Being overweight appeared to have no effect on men“s