1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 451 及答案解析(总分:375.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数:11,分数:375.50)1.景德镇,原名昌南,位于江西省境内。景德镇历史悠久,是中国历史上的四大名镇之一。景德镇因其 瓷器 (chinaware)的生产而闻名,据记载,其瓷器生产可以追溯到 汉代 (the Han Dynasty)。在 明代 (the Ming Dynasty),大量景德镇瓷器销往国外,极大地推动了景德镇陶瓷的对外贸易,扩大了中国陶瓷的影响。由于制瓷历史久远、瓷器产品质地精良、对外销量大,景德镇获得了“ 瓷都 ”(capital of chinaware)
2、的称号。 (分数:20.00)_2.西方节日在中国大受欢迎如今每逢圣诞节来临,中国的城市到处都是圣诞的迹象。圣诞节越来越受到人们,尤其是年轻人的欢迎。其他的西方节日,如 感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day)也日益流行。一些学者担心年轻人过分崇尚西方节日,而对中国传统节日的热情逐渐降温。其实对于许多中国人来说,西方节日只是一些能让他们和朋友一起放松、聚会的日子。他们觉得没有必要去抵制西方节日。 (分数:20.00)_3.泥塑 (clay figurine)是中国古老的民间艺术之一。它的历史可以追溯到 新石器时代 (the Neolithic Period)。泥塑以粘土为原料,用手工塑制成
3、人、花、鸟、虫、鱼等各种形象,其中以“ 泥人张 ”(Clay Figurine Zhang)的泥塑最为出名。“泥人张”制作的塑像精美而生动,富有浓郁的地域风情。随着中国旅游业的发展,泥塑已经成为广受欢迎的旅游纪念品,得到世界各地游客的青睐。 (分数:20.00)_4.大学新生的乡愁对所有中国的大一新生来说,9 月是激动人心的日子。许多人都是第一次走出家门,在一个新环境中生活。但在数周后,激动的心情慢慢地被 乡愁 (homesickness)所取代。乡愁是因为离开家而产生的痛苦之情。他们想念家人、以前的朋友和同学、甚至是自己的旧床铺。有些学生只会觉得有一点孤独、悲伤或焦虑。其他人可能会表现出胃痛
4、或头痛等身体不适的症状。 (分数:20.00)_5.杭州是浙江省的省会城市,是浙江省的政治、经济和文化中心。杭州历史悠久,是中国著名的七大古都之一。杭州也是著名的旅游城市,被誉为人间 天堂 (paradise),意大利旅行家 马可波罗 (Macro Polo)曾称赞它为“世界上最美丽华贵之城”。位于市中心的西湖景区以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多的历史遗迹闻名中外。杭州特产众多,其中以丝绸和茶叶最受欢迎。 (分数:20.00)_6.孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地
5、的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于 2004 年在韩国首尔(Seoul)成立,目前已遍布 106 个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合(integration)。 (分数:20.00)_7.传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术。无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。中国画的特点是宣传功能。早在两千过年前,人物画就被政府机构用作宣传工作。唐代的 大夫们 (officials)甚至把绘画纳入儒家的思想体系。到了宋代,政府专门出版的官方画谱,不但把人物画的功能提出要求,对山水画也是如此。 (分数:12.50)_8.现代人类约公元前 50000
6、 年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人,居住在洞穴中,穿着毛皮。公元前 4000 年左右,这些人开始种植水稻,并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前 3000 年,他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前 2000 年,中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age),并开始用于写字。约公元前 700 年,中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。 (分数:106.50)_9.红楼梦由曹雪芹所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心,描述了四大家族从富裕、有权有势沦为破落的过程。小说成功塑造了 100 多个经典人物,他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。红楼梦对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果
7、想要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂红楼梦。毛主席认为红楼梦不仅是爱情故事,也是历史故事,因为它揭示了封建社会的衰败。 (分数:10.00)_10.微博 (microblog)是一种以博客形式存在的广播媒介。通过微博,人们不仅能够快速获取并分享大量的信息,还可以与其他网民交流。美国的 推特 (Twitter)是最早也是最著名的微博。2009 年,“新浪微博”横空出世,成为中国第一个微博网站。现在,至少 70%的 网民 (netizen)是微博用户。微博已经成为实时新闻更新的重要来源,以至于眼下的时代被称为“微博时代”。 (分数:106.50)_11.白蛇传 (Legend of the W
8、hite Snake)是中国古代广为流传的民间故事之一。传说一条名叫“白素贞”的白蛇来到凡间与许仙结为夫妻。然而,他们的婚姻遭到法海 和尚 (Buddhist monk)的反对,因为法海认为人 妖 (evil spirit)不能结合。于是,法海将白素贞压在雷峰 塔 (pagoda)底。多年后,白素贞的儿子中了 状元 (Zhuangyuan title),来到雷峰塔前跪拜母亲。这一切感动了天神,令雷峰塔倒塌,白素贞出塔,一家人终得以团聚。 (分数:20.00)_大学英语四级分类模拟题 451 答案解析(总分:375.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数:11,分数:37
9、5.50)1.景德镇,原名昌南,位于江西省境内。景德镇历史悠久,是中国历史上的四大名镇之一。景德镇因其 瓷器 (chinaware)的生产而闻名,据记载,其瓷器生产可以追溯到 汉代 (the Han Dynasty)。在 明代 (the Ming Dynasty),大量景德镇瓷器销往国外,极大地推动了景德镇陶瓷的对外贸易,扩大了中国陶瓷的影响。由于制瓷历史久远、瓷器产品质地精良、对外销量大,景德镇获得了“ 瓷都 ”(capital of chinaware)的称号。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Jingdezhen, formerly named Changnan, is loc
10、ated in Jiangxi Province. With a long history, Jingdezhen is one of the four famous towns in Chinese history. Jingdezhen is famous for its production of chinaware. It is recorded that Jingdezhen“s production of chinaware can date back to the Han Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, lots of Jingdezhen“s chi
11、naware was exported to foreign countries, greatly promoting the foreign trade of chinaware in Jingdezhen and extending the influence of Chinese chinaware. Jingdezhen has earned the title of “capital of chinaware“, thanks to its long history of chinaware production, the excellent quality and large am
12、ount of export of its chinaware.2.西方节日在中国大受欢迎如今每逢圣诞节来临,中国的城市到处都是圣诞的迹象。圣诞节越来越受到人们,尤其是年轻人的欢迎。其他的西方节日,如 感恩节 (Thanksgiving Day)也日益流行。一些学者担心年轻人过分崇尚西方节日,而对中国传统节日的热情逐渐降温。其实对于许多中国人来说,西方节日只是一些能让他们和朋友一起放松、聚会的日子。他们觉得没有必要去抵制西方节日。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Today, when Christmas is approaching, Chinese cities are fill
13、ed with signs of Christmas. Christmas becomes increasingly popular with Chinese people, especially the youth. Other western festivals, such as Thanksgiving Day, are prevailing day by day. Some scholars fear that young people adore western festivals too much, and their passion toward Chinese traditio
14、nal ones would fade out. In fact, for many Chinese, western festivals are just some occasions for them to relax or have a party with friends. They think it is unnecessary to reject western festivals. 解析 1第 1 句中的“来临”可用现在进行时来表达动作临近之义,译为is approaching;“中国的城市到处都是圣诞的迹象”可直译为 signs of Christmas can be foun
15、d almost everywhere in Chinese cities,表达为 Chinese cities are filled with signs of Christmas 会更简洁。 2第 4 句的两个分句“年轻人过分崇尚,而热情逐渐降温”均较长,意思独立,可译成并列的结构 young people adore.too much.and their passion.would fade out。 3倒数第 2 句的主干是“西方节日只是日子”,翻译时应先译出主要结构(western holidays are just some occasions),此处将“日子”表达为 occasi
16、on 更贴切。定语“能让他们和朋友一起放松、聚会的”较长,可将其处理成后置定语,用介词短语 for them to relax or have a party with friends 来表达。3.泥塑 (clay figurine)是中国古老的民间艺术之一。它的历史可以追溯到 新石器时代 (the Neolithic Period)。泥塑以粘土为原料,用手工塑制成人、花、鸟、虫、鱼等各种形象,其中以“ 泥人张 ”(Clay Figurine Zhang)的泥塑最为出名。“泥人张”制作的塑像精美而生动,富有浓郁的地域风情。随着中国旅游业的发展,泥塑已经成为广受欢迎的旅游纪念品,得到世界各地游客
17、的青睐。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Clay figurine is one of the old folk arts in China. Its history can date back to the Neolithic Period. With the clay as raw material, clay figurines are made manually into various images of humans, flowers, birds, insects and fish, among which the most famous are those by C
18、lay Figurine Zhang. Delicate and vivid, his clay figurines are rich in regional customs. With the development of China“s tourism industry, clay figurines have become popular travel souvenirs, favored by tourists from all over the world.4.大学新生的乡愁对所有中国的大一新生来说,9 月是激动人心的日子。许多人都是第一次走出家门,在一个新环境中生活。但在数周后,激
19、动的心情慢慢地被 乡愁 (homesickness)所取代。乡愁是因为离开家而产生的痛苦之情。他们想念家人、以前的朋友和同学、甚至是自己的旧床铺。有些学生只会觉得有一点孤独、悲伤或焦虑。其他人可能会表现出胃痛或头痛等身体不适的症状。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:September is an exciting month for every Chinese college freshman. It“s the first time for many of them to leave home to live in a new environment. But after a fe
20、w weeks, excitement gradually gives way to homesickness which is the distress caused by the separation from home. They miss their family members, old friends and classmates, or even the old bed. Some students may only feel a little loneliness, sadness, or anxiety. Others may feel physical symptoms,
21、like stomachache or headache. 解析 1翻译第 1 句中的“9 月是激动人心的日子”时,为了符合英文的表达逻辑,应把“日子”转化为“月”,表达为 September is an exciting month。 2第 2 句中的“第一次”,可套用句型 it is the first time for sb. to do sth. 来表达。“在一个新环境中生活”表目的,故将其译作目的状语,表达为 to live in a new environment。 3第 3 句中的“激动的心情慢慢地被乡愁所取代”可译为 excitement is gradually replac
22、ed by homesickness,但不如译文中的 excitement gradually gives way to homesickness 表达得生动、自然。4第 4 句的主语“乡愁”正好是前一句的宾语,故将其与上一句合并,处理成由 which 引导的定语从句。定语“因为离开家而产生的”较长,可处理成后置定语,用表被动的分词短语 caused by the separation from home 来表达。5.杭州是浙江省的省会城市,是浙江省的政治、经济和文化中心。杭州历史悠久,是中国著名的七大古都之一。杭州也是著名的旅游城市,被誉为人间 天堂 (paradise),意大利旅行家 马可
23、波罗 (Macro Polo)曾称赞它为“世界上最美丽华贵之城”。位于市中心的西湖景区以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多的历史遗迹闻名中外。杭州特产众多,其中以丝绸和茶叶最受欢迎。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang Province, is the provincial center of politics, economy and culture. With a long history, Hangzhou is one of the famous seven ancient capitals in China. I
24、t is also a well-known tourist city hailed as “the paradise on earth“. Italian traveler Macro Polo once admired Hangzhou as “the most splendid and luxury city in the world“. Located in the center of the city, the West Lake scenic spot is world-famous for its beautiful lakes and mountains and many hi
25、storical relics. Hangzhou boasts numerous special local products, among which silk and tea are the most popular.6.孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于 2004 年在韩国首尔(Seoul)成立,目前已遍布 106 个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合(inte
26、gration)。 (分数:20.00)_正确答案:()解析:Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world. Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture. The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a
27、 formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world. The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea. At present, it has been established in 106 countries. Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of
28、the world. 1第 1 句的主干是“孔子学院是机构”;宾语“机构”的修饰成分有两个“中国在世界各地设立的”和“教育和文化交流(的)”,其中后者是对性质的说明,故可译为介词短语 of education and cultural communication,作后置定语;而第一个修饰成分中具有动词“设立”,故可考虑译为过去分词短语 established by,作为后置定语修饰“机构”。 2在第 2 句中,可将“目的”译作句子主语,用动词不定式作句子表语,避免句子头重脚轻。 3第 3 句较长,其主干结构为“最重要的工作是提供教材和渠道”;可使用动词不定式 to provide.作句子表语;
29、“汉语学习”也可译作动词不定式 to learn Chinese,作 formal channel 的后置定语。 4第 4 句中的两个分句逻辑主语有所不同,分别是“首家孔子学院”及“孔子学院”,可考虑译为两个独立的句子。其中,“遍布 106 个国家”可译为被动语态 be established in 106 countries。 5“有力地”可译为 greatly,用于修饰“推动(promote)”。7.传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术。无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。中国画的特点是宣传功能。早在两千过年前,人物画就被政府机构用作宣传工作。唐代的 大夫们 (officials)甚至
30、把绘画纳入儒家的思想体系。到了宋代,政府专门出版的官方画谱,不但把人物画的功能提出要求,对山水画也是如此。 (分数:12.50)_正确答案:()解析:Traditional Chinese paintings is a special school of art, which is strikingly different in style and technique from other art schools across the globe. They are characterized by propaganda function. More than 2,000 years ago,
31、 figure paintings were utilized for propaganda by government apparatus. Officials of the Tang Dynasty even endeavored to integrate paintings into Confucian ideology. The government of the Song Dynasty specially published an official guide to paintings, thus raising criteria not only for figure paint
32、ings, but also for landscape paintings.8.现代人类约公元前 50000 年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人,居住在洞穴中,穿着毛皮。公元前 4000 年左右,这些人开始种植水稻,并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前 3000 年,他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前 2000 年,中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age),并开始用于写字。约公元前 700 年,中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。 (分数:106.50)_正确答案:()解析:Modem humans first came to China fr
33、om Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC, Chinese people ha
34、d entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC, Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.9.红楼梦由曹雪芹所著。小说以贾氏家族为故事核心,描述了四大家族从富裕、有权有势沦为破落的过程。小说成功塑造了 100 多个经典人物,他们分属于清朝的不同阶层。红楼梦对中国的封建社会有深刻的描绘,如果想要了解中国人复杂的价值观,最好先能读懂红楼梦。毛主席认为红楼梦不仅是爱情故事,也是历史故事,因为它揭示了封建社会的衰败。 (分数:1
35、0.00)_正确答案:()解析: A Dream of Red Mansions is attributed to Cao Xueqin. The author chose Jia Clan as the focus, depicting how four affluent and influential families with prestige lost their favor and descended to crash. In the novel, about 100 classic characters are successfully portrayed. These chara
36、cters concern people of all ranks in the Qing Dynasty. A Dream of Red Mansions is a remarkable story about Chinese feudal society. To understand Chinese values in all its complexity, one can do no better than to read A Dream of Red Mansions. “It is not only a love story, but also a history story, be
37、cause it describes the failure of the feudal period,“ commented Chairman Mao.10.微博 (microblog)是一种以博客形式存在的广播媒介。通过微博,人们不仅能够快速获取并分享大量的信息,还可以与其他网民交流。美国的 推特 (Twitter)是最早也是最著名的微博。2009 年,“新浪微博”横空出世,成为中国第一个微博网站。现在,至少 70%的 网民 (netizen)是微博用户。微博已经成为实时新闻更新的重要来源,以至于眼下的时代被称为“微博时代”。 (分数:106.50)_正确答案:()解析:Microblog
38、 is a broadcast medium existing in the form of biog. Through microblog not only can people acquire and share vast body of information in seconds but also communicate with others. The American website Twitter is the earliest and most famous microblog. In 2009, “Sina Weibo“ was launched and became the
39、 first microblog website in China. At present, at least 70% of the netizens are microbloggers. Microblog has emerged as such an important website source of real-time news updates that a new word “the Microblog Era“ has come up.解析 本文主要介绍了微博这个当下的热门事物,属说明文。译文应采用较正式的说明性语言,时态主要为一般现在时。本文与实际生活联系紧密,生词术语较少,在
40、翻译时注意句式的变化以及语言的地道性。另外,在准确理解句意的基础上,可以采取意译的方法。11.白蛇传 (Legend of the White Snake)是中国古代广为流传的民间故事之一。传说一条名叫“白素贞”的白蛇来到凡间与许仙结为夫妻。然而,他们的婚姻遭到法海 和尚 (Buddhist monk)的反对,因为法海认为人 妖 (evil spirit)不能结合。于是,法海将白素贞压在雷峰 塔 (pagoda)底。多年后,白素贞的儿子中了 状元 (Zhuangyuan title),来到雷峰塔前跪拜母亲。这一切感动了天神,令雷峰塔倒塌,白素贞出塔,一家人终得以团聚。 (分数:20.00)_正
41、确答案:()解析:“Legend of the White Snake“ is one of the folk tales widely circulated in ancient China. The tale goes that a white snake named Bai Suzhen came to the human world and married Xu Xian. Unfortunately, their marriage was opposed by a Buddhist monk named Fahai, who believed that the marriage be
42、tween human and evil spirit could not be allowed. He then kept Bai Suzhen under the Leifeng Pagoda. Many years later, after gaining a Zhuangyuan title (the first place in the imperial examination), Bai Suzhen“s son knelt down in front of the Leifeng Pagoda. God was moved by his action and collapsed the pagoda from which Bai Suzhen is freed. Finally, Bai Suzhen reunited with her husband and son.
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