大学英语四级分类模拟题510及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 510及答案解析(总分：123.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of limiting children“s TV time. Yo

2、u should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：20.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cleaning up our air may have made us healthier. A new analysis shows that the number of storms falls when pollution rises, and increases when pollution drops. Furt

3、her tightening of present pollution controls “could reduce aerosols (气溶胶；悬浮颗粒) so quickly that we have record numbers of tropical storms for the next decade or two“, says Nick Dunstone of the Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter, UK. Earlier studies found no connection between storm numbers and aeroso

4、ls“ ability to cool the surface by scattering light in the open air. But aerosols also increase the brightness and lifetime of low-level marine clouds. When Nick Dunstone of the Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter, UK, added this effect into his climate models, the simulated clouds cooled the surface

5、 more than expected. Historically, this cooling effect has been strongest in the north Atlantic. Cooling the north Atlantic reduces the energy available to power hurricanes. It also shifts rising and falling air currents further south, increasing wind shear in the Atlantic hurricane nursery. This ex

6、tra wind shear tears nascent storms apart before they can gain strength. In this way, Dunstone says, changes in aerosol emissions appear to drive cyclical variations in north Atlantic tropical storms. These variations have long been attributed to natural variations in ocean circulation. Throughout t

7、he 20th century, aerosol emissions increased with industrialization and decreased in economic slumps. Tropical storms were frequent from the 1930s through to the 1950s, but rarer in the better economic times of the 1960s to mid-1990s. Then pollution controls reduced aerosol levels, and Atlantic hurr

8、icanes came roaring back, with 19 in 1995, a record 28 in 2005, and 19 in each of the past three years. Dunstone expects the increase to continue for another two decades. After that, global warming may begin to reduce the number of tropical storms, by warming the air and thus reducing the temperatur

9、e difference between the sea surface and the atmosphere. It is not clear whether aerosols affect the intensity of storms.（分数：71.00）(1).What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?（分数：14.20）A.The number of storms is inversely proportional to pollution index.B.The number of storms is related to ae

10、rosols“ ability to cool the surface.C.Aerosols increase the brightness and lifetime of marine clouds.D.Aerosols cool the surface by gathering light in the open air.(2).According to the passage, cooling the north Atlantic _.（分数：14.20）A.provides energy to power hurricanesB.changes rising and falling a

11、ir currents further southC.hinders wind shearD.reduces the pollution index(3).What does the word “nascent“ (Para. 3) mean?（分数：14.20）A.Powerful.B.Earlier.C.Horrible.D.Small.(4).Which of the following is the factor that influences aerosol emissions?（分数：14.20）A.Cyclical variations in north Atlantic tro

12、pical storms.B.Intensity of storms.C.The process of industrialization.D.The natural variations in ocean circulation.(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：14.20）A.Because of global warming, the number of storm will increase.B.It is not clear whether aerosols affect the numbe

13、r of storms.C.The cooling effect has been strongest in the Atlantic.D.The number of tropical storms is more in 1930s to the 1950s than in 1960s to mid-1990s.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：12.50)Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of

14、Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to acce

15、pt fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study. Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food compani

16、es are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption. The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occ

17、asions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly use

18、d scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind. “Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,“ said Hayes.

19、 “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.“ However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to b

20、lock unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. “For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,“ he said. A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pr

21、onounced. Haves cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as no

22、rmal as variations in eye and hair color. “Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said. Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to iden

23、tify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.（分数：12.50）(1).In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that _.（分数：2.50）A.it is good to health to eat food without saltB.many people reject low-salt food completelyC.many people accept low-salt tasteless foo

24、d reluctantlyD.food with reduced salt tastes better(2).The fourth paragraph describes briefly _.（分数：2.50）A.how to select subjects and what to do in the researchB.how to identify supertasters and nontastersC.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 personsD.why to select more male subjects than fema

25、le ones(3).The article argues that supertasters _.（分数：2.50）A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in foodB.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavorC.consume less salt because they don“t like intensive tastesD.like to share salty cheese with nontasters(4).Which of the follow

26、ing applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?（分数：2.50）A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter.D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.(5).What mess

27、age do the last two paragraphs carry?（分数：2.50）A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.C.Taste acuity is related to one“s eye and hair color.D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.六、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.数字文化吉利数字 (auspici

28、ous number)在中国文化一直起着重要的作用。不少人认为数字 6、8、9 吉利，因为它们跟一些具有积极含义的汉字发音相同或相近。如 8与“发”的发音相似，象征着繁荣和财富；9 与“久”发音一样，意为“长长久久”。因此，很多人在选择手机号码和 车牌号码 (license plate number)时会不惜花钱去选取这些数字。相反，没有人会选 4，因为 4与“死”发音一致，是 不吉利数字 (inauspicious number)。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 510答案解析(总分：123.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.0

29、0)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of limiting children“s TV time. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：20.0

30、0）_正确答案：()解析：范文 Importance of Limiting Children“s TV TimeIn the picture, a mother is asking her child about his homework. The boy hasn“t finished it yet, however he wants to watch TV first. I think he is too addicted to TV. Today, every family has a TV or two. Children begin to watch TV before they

31、can even understand what people are saying on it. There are moving pictures on the screen, and the contents are always changing, so TV is extremely attractive to children. As a result, they form the habit of watching TV as they grow up. Watching too much TV could be harmful to children. Firstly, it“

32、s not good for their eyes. Today, many small kids wear glasses because of watching too much TV. Secondly, it“s a big distraction for children. They can“t concentrate on other things, like studying, when their favourite show is going on. For these reasons, parents should limit children“s TV time, and

33、 help them form a healthy habit.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cleaning up our air may have made us healthier. A new analysis shows that the number of storms falls when pollution rises, and increases when pollution drops. Further tightening of present pollution contr

34、ols “could reduce aerosols (气溶胶；悬浮颗粒) so quickly that we have record numbers of tropical storms for the next decade or two“, says Nick Dunstone of the Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter, UK. Earlier studies found no connection between storm numbers and aerosols“ ability to cool the surface by scatte

35、ring light in the open air. But aerosols also increase the brightness and lifetime of low-level marine clouds. When Nick Dunstone of the Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter, UK, added this effect into his climate models, the simulated clouds cooled the surface more than expected. Historically, this c

36、ooling effect has been strongest in the north Atlantic. Cooling the north Atlantic reduces the energy available to power hurricanes. It also shifts rising and falling air currents further south, increasing wind shear in the Atlantic hurricane nursery. This extra wind shear tears nascent storms apart

37、 before they can gain strength. In this way, Dunstone says, changes in aerosol emissions appear to drive cyclical variations in north Atlantic tropical storms. These variations have long been attributed to natural variations in ocean circulation. Throughout the 20th century, aerosol emissions increa

38、sed with industrialization and decreased in economic slumps. Tropical storms were frequent from the 1930s through to the 1950s, but rarer in the better economic times of the 1960s to mid-1990s. Then pollution controls reduced aerosol levels, and Atlantic hurricanes came roaring back, with 19 in 1995

39、 a record 28 in 2005, and 19 in each of the past three years. Dunstone expects the increase to continue for another two decades. After that, global warming may begin to reduce the number of tropical storms, by warming the air and thus reducing the temperature difference between the sea surface and

40、the atmosphere. It is not clear whether aerosols affect the intensity of storms.（分数：71.00）(1).What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?（分数：14.20）A.The number of storms is inversely proportional to pollution index. B.The number of storms is related to aerosols“ ability to cool the surface.C.Ae

41、rosols increase the brightness and lifetime of marine clouds.D.Aerosols cool the surface by gathering light in the open air.解析：考点 文章细节 解析 根据题干，该题应定位到本文的前两段。A 选项中 inversely proportional意为“成反比”，也就是说风暴数量和污染指数是成反比的，这正是文章的中心思想，在第一段中也有详细表述，所以 A选项正确。B 选项指出风暴的数量是和气溶胶冷却海洋表面空气的能力相关的。而第二段第一句指出气溶胶通过散射户外光线来冷却海洋表

42、面空气，而早期的研究并未发现风暴的数量和气溶胶的这种能力有关系。所以 B选项不对。C 选项“气溶胶增加了海洋云的亮度和寿命”，第二段第二句对其进行了描述，但第二句描述的是增加了低位海洋云层的亮度和寿命，所以 C选项也不正确。D 选项是对第二段第一句的曲解，第二段第一句指出气溶胶通过对户外光线的散射来冷却海洋表面空气，而 D选项指出通过聚集户外光线来冷却海洋表面空气。所以 D选项也不正确。(2).According to the passage, cooling the north Atlantic _.（分数：14.20）A.provides energy to power hurricane

43、sB.changes rising and falling air currents further south C.hinders wind shearD.reduces the pollution index解析：考点 文章细节 解析 根据题干可以将该题定位至第三段。第三段指出：北大西洋表面空气的冷却减少了飓风生成所需的能量，并将上升和下降气流进一步南推，增加大西洋飓风带的风切，从而切断刚刚形成的风暴。Dunstone说，通过这种方式，气溶胶排放量的变化似乎促使了北大西洋热带风暴的周期性变化，这些变化一直都被归结为海洋环流的自然变异。A 选项指出北大西洋表面空气的冷却为飓风的形成提供了动力

44、这与第三段中北大西洋表面空气的冷却增大了风切变，而这种额外的风切变切断形成初期的风暴不符，所以不能选。B 选项正确。C 选项指出北大西洋表面空气的冷却阻止了风切变，这也不正确。D 选项认为北大西洋表面空气的冷却降低了污染指数，这并未在文章中得到明确说明，所以也不正确。(3).What does the word “nascent“ (Para. 3) mean?（分数：14.20）A.Powerful.B.Earlier. C.Horrible.D.Small.解析：考点 词义 解析 回归到第三段第三句，This extra wind shear tears nascent storms a

45、part before they can gain strength。they 指的是 storms。在风暴变强大前，也就是在风暴还处于形成初期的状态下就将其切断，所以 nascent的同义词是 B。该题容易误选成 D选项 small，但该句并没有明确表示风暴的大小，而是说在它形成的初期和力量增强前。(4).Which of the following is the factor that influences aerosol emissions?（分数：14.20）A.Cyclical variations in north Atlantic tropical storms.B.Intens

46、ity of storms.C.The process of industrialization. D.The natural variations in ocean circulation.解析：考点 文章细节 解析 根据题干可以将该题定位至第四段，第四段的第一句话就道出了答案。“气溶胶排放随着工业化的进程而增加，在经济衰退时又有所减少”，所以 C选项正确。A、B 和 D选项都不是影响气溶胶排放量的因素。(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：14.20）A.Because of global warmi

47、ng, the number of storm will increase.B.It is not clear whether aerosols affect the number of storms.C.The cooling effect has been strongest in the Atlantic.D.The number of tropical storms is more in 1930s to the 1950s than in 1960s to mid-1990s. 解析：考点 推断 解析 A 选项说因为全球变暖，风暴的数量将会增加。文章最后一段第二句指出全球变暖可能开始

48、造成热带风暴数量的减少。所以 A选项不正确。B 选项说气溶胶是否影响了风暴的数量仍未确定。文章开头就表述了污染指数与风暴数量的关系，也就说明了气溶胶与风暴数量的关系。最后一段的末句说，气溶胶对风暴强度的影响还未确定，不是说对其数量的影响，所以 B选项可以排除。根据第二段最后一句的 north Atlantic可以排除 C选项。D 选项可以根据第四段第二句得到验证。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：12.50)Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt c