大学英语四级-阅读2及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级-阅读 2及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be 1 active at all times? No. The

2、robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to 2 its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary (进行的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a 3 pattern of sleeping and waking for the same

3、reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important 4 functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be 5 and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does

4、not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep 6 when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory 7 well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while hors

5、es sleep so little? Cats can afford to have long periods of 8 because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating because their food is very low in 9 Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deepl

6、y because their 10 depends on their ability to run away from attackers. A. accounts I. cancel B. survival J. lightly C. inefficient K. particularly D. inactivity L. restorative E. widely M. equally F. cease N. affects G. regular O. extensive H. energy（分数：20.00）Years ago, doctors often said that pain

7、 was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a 11 part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we take pain 12 . Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth 13 as important as blood pressure, temperatu

8、re, breathing rate and pulse in 14 a person“s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a person“s life, causing problems that 15 from missed work to depression. That“s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who 16 in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate t

9、he cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social 17 related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 18 the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理阅读) and psychologists, as well

10、as specialists in pain medicine. This modern prompting for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 19 number of drugs available, and many of them caused significantside 20 in ol

11、der people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself. A. result I. determining B. involves J. limited C. effects K. gravely D. range L. natural E. relieved M. aspect

12、F. issues N. vital G. seriously O. specialize H. elemental（分数：20.00）I“m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are 21 i

13、mpossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today“s children are 22 more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children 23 a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 60 years ago. Wh

14、y are America“s kids so 24 ? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical 25 brought on by high divorce rates and less 26 in community, among other things and a growing 27 that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we can“t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help t

15、he next generation. At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better 28 of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. Limit the amount of virtual violence your children are 29 to. It“s not just video

16、games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children 30 Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. A. innovative I. practically B. stressed J. isolation C. exhibit K. involvement D. exposed L. reasonable E. magnificen

17、t M. significantly F. perception N. demonstrated G. appreciation O. hesitate H. expression（分数：20.00）It would seem that “teaching“ emotional intelligence 31 all the basic tenets (信条) of the current paradigm (范例) of school-based learning. Not to mention widely extending the remit (职权范围) of school in t

18、erms of content and form, in particular modifying the relationship between life and school. Many teachers and parents 32 might well insist that such learning is not a question for schools, but rather the responsibility of parents. But the family is no longer the 33 place for it. In the Western world

19、, the majority of families have shrunk (缩小) from an extended 34 to its strict minimum and much less time is spent in the family than in school. What“s more, parents are not always in a position to cope with or dispense (施予，分配) such emotional skills. Scientific research, in particular on how the brai

20、n works, 35 that the formation of emotional skills is much easier in the “formative“ years from birth to the late teens. Looking at 36 structures, school is the major activity in that age group. However, emotions 37 have a place in schools. Beyond infants school and early primary school, almost all

21、efforts are 38 on cognitive (认知) skills. What“s more, there is little or nothing in the standard 39 of teachers that prepares them from such a task. Yet there is no subject where the quality and ability of teachers would be more 40 . A. community I. challenges B. rarely J. multiplies C. concentrated

22、 K. training D. alike L. ideal E. crucial M. indicates F. frequently N. concerned G. existing O. respective H. convention（分数：20.00）The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious under the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in

23、 an open container and fills it to the 41 of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but 42 to diffuse throughout the space available; it must therefore be kept in a closed container, as in the case of a planet“s atmosphere. The distinction was a 43 feature of early theories describing the phase

24、s of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory 44 that a liquid could be “dissolved“ in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are made up of different molecules (分子). The theories now 45 take a quite different approach by emphasizing what l

25、iquids and gases have in 46 . They are both forms of matter that have no 47 structure, and they both flow easily. They are fluids. The fundamental similarity of liquids and gases becomes 48 apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. Suppose a closed container 49 filled with a li

26、quid is heated. The liquid expands or in other words, becomes less 50 ; some of it evaporates. In contrast, the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and pressure at which the densities become equal is called the cri

27、tical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be distinguished. A. common I. specifically B. maintained J. prevailing C. encounter K. dense D. tends L. prominent E. partially M. regulation F. level N. frustrated G. attempting O. permanent H. clearly（分数：20.00）大学英语四级-阅读 2答

28、案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be 1 active at all times? No. The robot would b

29、e using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to 2 its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary (进行的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a 3 pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The t

30、heory does not deny that sleep provides some important 4 functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be 5 and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect u

31、s from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep 6 when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory 7 well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so l

32、ittle? Cats can afford to have long periods of 8 because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating because their food is very low in 9 Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply because the

33、ir 10 depends on their ability to run away from attackers. A. accounts I. cancel B. survival J. lightly C. inefficient K. particularly D. inactivity L. restorative E. widely M. equally F. cease N. affects G. regular O. extensive H. energy（分数：20.00）解析：M 解析 空格前为系动词 be，空格后为形容词，因此空格处应当填入一个副词。根据本句及下句句意，“

34、我们是否应该为机器人编程，使他们从始至终保持 -|_|-活动状态吗?当然不行。这样的话机器人如果不能补充能量，就会一次耗尽能量”，备选词汇中，可以和 active搭配的词汇且符合句意的只有 equally“相等地，平等地”，表示“机器人从始至终保持同等的活动状态”，故选择 M。解析：F 解析 空格前为 to，空格后为名词短语，因此判断空格处应当填入一个动词原形。备选词汇中，cease“停止，终止”，cancel“取消，撤销”符合，结合句意，“所以我们应该通过编程设置机器人在晚上 -|_|-活动，第二天黎明再醒过来”，cease 符合句意，表示“停止活动”，符合句意，故选 F。解析：G 解析 空

35、格前为不定冠词 a，空格后为名词，可以判断空格处应当填入一个形容词。结合本句句意，“根据睡眠进化理论，进化使我们有一个 -|_|-睡眠模式，同理，也使我们有一个 -|_|-起床模式”，备选词汇中，inefficient“低效的”和 extensive“广泛的，大量的”意思不符合可以排除，regular“定期的，有规律的”和 restorative“滋补的，有助于复原的，恢复健康的”中，根据常识，睡眠和起床是个长期且相对固定的有规律的模式，故选择 regular。解析：L 解析 空格前为形容词，空格后为名词，因此可以判断空格处应当填入形容词。结合句意，“(进化)理论不否认睡眠提供重要的 -|_|

36、-功能”，备选词汇中 restorative“滋补的，有助于复原的，恢复健康的”最符合句意，故选择 L。解析：C 解析 空格前为系动词，空格后为名词，因此可以判定此处应当填入形容词。本句句意，“(进化)理论仅仅是说当我们行动 -|_|-或是可能产生危险时，进化使我们能够行使那些(恢复)功能”，备选词汇只剩下 inefficient“低效的”和 extensive“广泛的，大量的”，结合句意，inefficient最符合，故选 C。解析：J解析 空格前为不及物动词，空格后为时间状语从句，因此判断空格处应当填入一个副词。本句意思为“所以当我们处在一个熟悉且安全的环境里时，我们睡眠酣畅；而当我们害怕

37、熊会闯进帐篷里时，我们就睡得 -|_|-”，备选词汇中，lightly“轻轻地，轻松地”最符合句意，表示“睡觉轻，无法安然入睡”，故选 J。解析：A 解析 经过分析，本句缺少谓语动词，由于主语为 theory，因此空格处应当填入动词的第三人称单数形式，且要和 for搭配。备选词汇中 accounts可以和 for搭配，表示“解释”，放入句中，“进化理论很好地解释了不同生物的睡眠差异”，所以选择 A。解析：D 解析 空格前为 of，空格后为原因状语从句，根据语法知识可以判断此处应该填入一个名词。结合本句句意，“猫能够长时间的 -|_|-因为他们吃东西花费很少时间，并且在睡觉时不大可能收到攻击”，

38、备选名词中 inactivity“静止，不活泼”最符合，表示猫长时间静止不动，故选择 D。解析：H 解析 空格前为 in，根据语法知识可以判断此处应当填入名词。备选词汇中尚有 survival“幸存，存活”和 energy“能量，精力”，结合句子意思，“马必须把醒着的几乎所有时间都用来吃东西，因为他们吃的东西在 -|_|-上很低”，energy 符合，故选择 H。解析：B 解析 空格前为 their，空格后为动词，据此判断空格处应当填入名词。备选词汇中只剩下survival“幸存，存活”，放入句中，“此外，马不能睡很长时间或是睡得很沉，因为他们能幸存下来依赖于他们从袭击者口中逃跑的能力”，完全

39、符合句意，故选择 B。Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a 11 part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we take pain 12 . Indeed, pain is now considered the

40、fifth 13 as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in 14 a person“s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a person“s life, causing problems that 15 from missed work to depression. That“s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians

41、who 16 in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social 17 related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 18 the work of social workers

42、, psychiatrists (心理阅读) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine. This modern prompting for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 19 number of drugs available

43、, and many of them caused significantside 20 in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself. A. result I. determining B. involves J. limited C. effects K.

44、gravely D. range L. natural E. relieved M. aspect F. issues N. vital G. seriously O. specialize H. elemental（分数：20.00）解析：L 解析 空格前的定冠词及空格后的名词可知此处应填入一个形容词作名词的定语。根据上下文意思，“当老人们抱怨身体的疼痛不适时，人们往往宽慰他们说疼痛是衰老的一部分，得去适应”，由此可知，natural“自然的”和原文意思符合。解析：G 解析 根据语法这里需要一个副词修饰动词。根据上下文的句义，“时代变了”，“人们已把疼痛和体温、血压、心律以及脉搏看作是身体健

45、康的指标”，可以看出作者在此想表达的意思是在我们这个时代人们太过于关注疼痛了，再结合搭配需要，可知 seriously最合适。解析：N 解析 根据句法信息可知，此处所需的词汇应与空格前的 the fifth一起构成主语 pain的同位语，由此可推出，该词可以是一个代词也可以是一个形容词表类属。同时，根据句义作者在此想表达“疼痛被看作是除体温、血压、心律以及脉搏之外的第五项”，根据下文补充成分的关键词 important可知，此处是从重要性上对上述五项内容进行对比，所以可知 vital最合适。解析：I 解析 本句谓语用了一个常见的句型，即 sth. be thought/believed/con

46、sidered adj. (in) doing sth. else，因此此处需要一个动词，同时空格后的名词说明此动词应为及物动词，依据句义只有determine最合适。解析：D 解析 根据语法，此处需要填入一个动词做定语从句的谓语，从全句看，此处谓语动词应用现在时，同时先行词 problems的形式决定了此动词应为复数形式，空格后的 from要求此动词必须能与其构成搭配关系，综合上述考虑，只有 range最合适。解析：O解析 与第 5小题相同的是，此处也需要填入一个动词做定语从句的谓语。从全句看，此处谓语动词应用现在时，同时先行词 physicians的形式决定了此动词应为复数形式，空格后的

47、in要求此动词必须能与其构成搭配关系，根据句义，作者在此指的是“专攻止痛药方向的内科医生”，综上考虑，只有specialize最合适。解析：F 解析 根据句法信息，此处需要一个名词与空格前的定语成分一起做介词 for的宾语，并与空格后的成分构成限定关系。同时，此成分与本句中提到的 depression属对等关系，根据句义可知，作者在这里是指与抑郁症一样的其它心理和社会问题。综上所述，issues 最合适。解析：B 解析 根据句法信息，此处需要一个谓语动词，且该动词应该是及物动词，其语法形式必须与主语保持一致为单数第三人称。同时，依据句义，作者想表明的意思是这种综合疗法需要很多人的参与，综上所述

48、，只有 involves最合适。解析：J 解析 根据句法信息，此处需要一个形容词与词组 a number of一起构成 drugs的限定成分。同时，根据句义，作者在此分析以前的止痛药在数量等方面存在的缺陷，所以可以看出 limited最合适。解析：C 解析 根据句法，这里需要一个名词与空格前的限定成分构成句子的宾语，从句义角度I“m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of th

49、emselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are 21 impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today“s children are 22 more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children 23 a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 60 years ago. Why are America“s kids so 24