大学英语四级阅读-25及答案解析.doc

1、大学英语四级阅读-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BReading Compreh(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSection A/B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passag

2、e through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Does a bee U U 1 /U /Uwhat is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to U U 2 /U /Ufood sources and back to the hive (蜂房), using pola

3、rized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its U U 3 /U /Uin any other way? To use Donald Griffins term, does a bee have “awareness“, or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and U U 4 /U /U?There

4、 is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould in Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to U U 5 /U /Utheir bees to fly from the hive to one or

5、 another U U 6 /U /Uplace. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the U U 7 /U /Uso that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved U U 8 /U /Ufarther and farther

6、 from the hive, in increments (增加量) of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the U U 9 /U /Uis being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for t

7、hem, U U 10 /U /Uwhere the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.Asuggest Btrain Cknow DimagineEconfirm Fdistant Gnear HspecialIprecisely Jprobably Kprogressively LtargetMperformance Nhive Olanguage（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项

8、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Blue is the worlds favorite color. It is also the color most often U U 11 /U /Uwith intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is U U 12 /U /Uby deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色) are repres

9、ented by the Islamic religion. It is the U U 13 /U /Ucolor in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the s

10、kies and water that U U 14 /U /Uus, blue is seen as a peaceful and U U 15 /U /Ucolor. Blue light has seen to U U 16 /U /Ublood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable.

11、It can also be cold and sterile (枯燥的) unless U U 17 /U /Uwith warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle (喧闹) and U U 18 /U /Uof the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bathrooms are appropriately watery. Blue U U 19 /U /Udepth with greens and reds. Dark blu

12、e represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter U U 20 /U /Uof your living space.Arepresented Bengage Crefreshing DsurroundEcurved Fdominant Glower HbalancedIactivity Jzones Kfoolish LlineMacquires Nassociated Orash（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1

13、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：40.00)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the informati

14、on is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Hate Your Job? Heres How To Reshape ItAOnce upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job so its mor

15、e fruitful than futile.B“We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of things to do and a list of responsibilities,“ says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associate professor at the Yale School of Management. “But what if you set aside that mind-set?“ If you could adjust what you do, she says, “

16、who would you start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who would you work with?“ See 10 ways your job will change in the coming years.CTo make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. Th

17、eyre working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work. The idea is to make all jobseven mundane (平凡的) onesmore meaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implement subtle but significant workplace adjustments.Step 1: Rethin

18、k Your JobCreativelyD“The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do,“ says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically (全面的). You first analyze how much time, energy and attention

19、 you devote to your various tasks. Then you reflect on that allocation (分配). See 10 perfect jobs for the recessionand after.ETake, for example, a maintenance technician at Burts Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasnt part of his job desc

20、ription. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firms manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.

21、FBarbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, says its crucial for people to pay attention to their workday emotions. “Doing so,“ she says, “will help you discover which aspects of your work are most life-giving and most

22、life-draining.“GMany of us get stuck in ruts (惯例). Berg, a Ph.D. student at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop the job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodically rethinking what we do. “Even in the most constraining jobs, people have a certain am

23、ount of wiggle (摆动) room,“ he says. “Small changes can have a real impact on life at work.“Step 2: Diagram Your DayHTo lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objective is to develop new insights about what you actually

24、 do at work. Then you can dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise calls your “strengths, motives and passions“ into your daily routine. You convert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an “after“ diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.IIna

25、 Lockau-Vogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. “Before I would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues.“ As part of

26、the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.JIn contrast to business books that counsel managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision an

27、d adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, its crucial to make the most of the job youve got.Step 3: Identify Job Loves and HatesKBy reorienting (使适应) how you think about yo

28、ur job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologically incompetent callers. He might enjoy teaching more than customer service. By spending more time instructing colleaguesand treating help-line calle

29、rs as curious students of techthe disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5 position.LDutton, a professor at the University of Michigans Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. “They come in looking worn down, but afte

30、r spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently.“M“They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized,“ says Dutton, who partnered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.Step 4: Put Your

31、 Ideas into ActionNTo conclude the job-crafting process, participants list specific follow-up steps. Many plan a one-on-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas. Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Berg says as long as their goals are met, many manag

32、ers are happy to let employees adjust how they work.OJob-crafting isnt about revenue, per se, but juicing up (活跃) employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amid salary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled. Surveys show that more than 50% arent happy with what

33、 they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue that emphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover rates and jacking up productivity. Job-crafting wont rid you of a lousy boss or a subpar (低于标准的) salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction. If you cant ditch or sw

34、itch a job, at least make it more likable.（分数：20.00）(1).Bergs suggestion about work is to rethink and make small changes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, the supervisors are willing to let employees adjust what to do.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).A long time ag

35、o when a person hated his/her job, he/she would resign or bear it.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to Ina Lockau-Vogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Your first thing to do in the job-crafting process is to think about your job wholly.（分数

36、：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is difficult to find a job.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).If you cant quit your job, using job-crafting may at least offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Amy Wrzesniewski thinks job could be adjusted.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9)

37、.Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).The idea of a maintenance technician at Burts Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-efficient.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Nurturing Talent Within The FamilyAWhat do we mean by being “talented or gifted

38、“? The most obvious way is to look at the work someone does and if they are capable of significant success, label them as talented. The purely quantitative route“percentage definition“looks not at individuals, but at simple percentages, such as the top five percent of the population, and labels them

39、by definitionas gifted. This definition has fallen from favor, eclipsed (使失色) by the advent of IQ tests, favored by luminaries (杰出人物) such as Professor Hans Eysenck, where a series of written or verbal tests of general intelligence leads to a score of intelligence.BThe IQ test has been eclipsed in t

40、urn. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted (多层面的) approach where talents in many areas are recognized rather than purely concentrating on academic achievement. If we are therefore assuming that talented, creative

41、or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as genetic or inherited tendency? Mental dysfunction (功能紊乱)such as schizophrenia (精神分裂症)can, so is an efficient mental capacity passed on from parent to child?CAnimal experiment

42、s throw some light on this question, and on the whole area of whether it is genetics, the environment or a combination of the two that allows for intelligence and creative ability. Different strains of rats show great differences in intelligence or “rat reasoning.“ If these are brought up in normal

43、conditions and then run through a maze to reach a food goal, the “bright-strain“ make far fewer wrong turns than the “dull-ones.“ But if the environment is made dull and boring the number of errors becomes equal. Return the rats to an exciting maze and the discrepancy returns as beforebut is much sm

44、aller. In other words, a dull rat in a stimulating environment will almost do as well as bright rat who is bored in a normal one. This principle applies to humans toosomeone may be born with innate intelligence, but their environment probably has the final say over whether they become creative or ev

45、en a genius.DEvidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement, are able to achieve significant and sustainable levels of academic or sporting prowess (高超技艺). Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so many receiv

46、e more parental attention as a resultalmost by defaultin order to ensure their safety. They may also talk earlier, and this, in turn, breeds parental interest. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Their creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. The first is that the parents were able to identify the talents of each child, and nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even handed