翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题46及答案解析.doc

1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 46 及答案解析(总分：99.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze Test(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Our PerceptionMost of us assume that our eyes send an accurate copy of the external world along nerve pathways to the brain, where it is projected on a kind of screen. Yet there is a good deal of evidence that our impressions

2、are not simply mental photographs of what is going on “out there.“ Rather, our perceptions are filtered through the lens of our previous experiences, attitudes and beliefs. This is true of even the simplest kinds of perception. For example, when a car appears on the 1 your eyes send an image of a mi

3、niature automobile to your 2 , an image that grows larger as the car approaches. What you 3 , however, is a normal-sized car, because you know that cars do not 4 and contract. If the car is yours and you know it“s 5 , you will perceive it as blue whether it“s in bright sunlight, dark shadow, or unde

4、r a yellow 6 . In much the same way, we adjust our social perceptions to 7 what we knowor think we know. An old 8 illustrates this. A man and his son are in an accident. The 9 is killed; the boy is rushed to the hospital for emergency 10 . The surgeon comes into the operating room, looks at the boy,

5、 and 11 , “I can“t operate. That“s my son.“ Who is the surgeon? The boy“s mother. Many people are 12 by this riddle because they expect a doctor (especially a surgeon) to be a 13 . All of us have this tendency to interpret communications in the 14 of our own ideas and beliefs. Sometimes, different p

6、eople may 15 different messages in the same communication. Take the TV 16 All in the Family . Students viewers who had been identified 17 highly prejudiced saw the main character, a bigoted white man 18 Archie Bunker, as a likeable grouch who won most of his 19 with members of his family. Students w

7、ho were low in prejudice thought 20 Archie lost these arguments and that the whole point of the show was to ridicule his prejudices. In short, our perceptions of the social world are anything but accurate copies of what is going on outside. We pick and choose, according to our expectations, and we f

8、it what we see into a mental image of reality which we have already formed. In large part, what we “see“ is determined by where we stand in the social system. Ask a fourth-grader, a teacher, a principal, a janitor, and a parent to describe the same school, and you will get five different pictures. E

9、ach has different information, and each looks at the same “facts“ in a different way. Ask a man and wife to describe their marriage, and you might not know they were talking about the same family. “His“ marriage and “her“ marriage may be quite different. What is common sense to a man may be nonsense

10、 to a woman!（分数：40.00）Robert RosenthalBorn in 1933, Robert Rosenthal dashed over the academic hurdles in record time. He received his B. A. at twenty years of age and his Ph.D. by the time he was twenty-three, both at the University of California at Los Angeles. He then spent brief periods at UCLA,

11、Ohio State, and the University of North Dakota. His work 21 increasing notice throughout the professional world. The idea of the self-fulfilling 22 was not new to psychology. What was new, however, was Rosenthal“s 23 to demonstrate how often this phenomenon was 24 the work of the psychologists thems

12、elves. His 25 were almost immediately 26 . And, as if to create ore controversy among psychologists, since his early work had not 27 been replicated, the department of social relations at Harvard University 28 halfway across the country to North Dakota and offered Rosenthal a Harvard 29 , all by the

13、 time he was twenty-nine years old. 30 the move to the East and more time for research, Rosenthal sifted into 31 gear. He not only replicated his original findings but began to produce 32 on his important concept in a wide variety of areas. As 33 in the text, each time one of his studies is criticiz

14、ed, he has been able to 34 the critics not with rhetoric but rather with more research data to 35 his position. The controversy itself, of course, continues. The 36 outcome has been to produce more evidence, more sophisticated research 37 , and thus more comprehensive information for educational psy

15、chology. In 38 , he has now established the importance of nonverbal channels as the meaning of communicating expectations to others.（分数：19.98）The Enormity of Wicked WordsSomeone struck by an event will often say, “Words fail me.“ Shock, disbelief or anger leaves them unable to synchronize heart, bra

16、in and mouth. After a bit of huffing and puffing, words begin to splutter out again as fast and disorganized as water over rocks, which is the way most conversation tumbles along. But what happens when we fail words? That can be more serious. There are warning signs of this betrayal. One is the graf

17、ting of fancy new fruit onto old wordstock. Novelist Kingsley Amis pronounced 20 years ago: “If there“s one word that sums up everything that“s gone wrong since the War, it“s workshop .“ Amis, ever waspish, presumably was fuming about the 39 of a place of craft into a synonym for group 40 , or into

18、a vacuous verb, as in, “Say Arthur, how “bout we do breakfast and 41 that scenario?“ Another indicator of cracks in the building blocks of 42 is elongation, such as the cancerous spreadits cells multiplying 43 than sixfoldof “war“ to “military intervention.“ Once the 44 takes hold, sense can double

19、back upon itself. In 45 Orwell“s Nineteen eighty-Four , suddenly “War is peace. Freedom is 46 . Ignorance is strength.“ Sometimes we fail words because we let a 47 sense mist into another. For example, disinterested, meaning unbiased, has been 48 up by uninterested. A person in court wants the judge

20、 to be one but 49 the other. And if your lawyer is discomfited, he may not be 50 uncomfortable but overwhelmingly defeated, or routed. In 51 case, any praise he may get from you will be fulsome, not copious 52 insincere. Where“s the enormity in all thisenormity meaning 53 , not hugeness? An old word

21、smith I knew, the late Stephen Murray-Smith, 54 that while it“s stuffy to resist blindly the fact that meanings change, “when a new 55 tends to diminish or drive out an old and important usage it should be 56 .“ He urged people to fight “the enormity of using enormity to mean enormous.“ The problem

22、runs 57 than the loss of clarity in euphemism or maddening appropriations by advertisers. We can even 58 cede a time-honored meaning to those in need of a less prejudicial tag, as in gay.（分数：40.00）翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 46 答案解析(总分：99.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze Test(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Our PerceptionMost of us assum

23、e that our eyes send an accurate copy of the external world along nerve pathways to the brain, where it is projected on a kind of screen. Yet there is a good deal of evidence that our impressions are not simply mental photographs of what is going on “out there.“ Rather, our perceptions are filtered

24、through the lens of our previous experiences, attitudes and beliefs. This is true of even the simplest kinds of perception. For example, when a car appears on the 1 your eyes send an image of a miniature automobile to your 2 , an image that grows larger as the car approaches. What you 3 , however, i

25、s a normal-sized car, because you know that cars do not 4 and contract. If the car is yours and you know it“s 5 , you will perceive it as blue whether it“s in bright sunlight, dark shadow, or under a yellow 6 . In much the same way, we adjust our social perceptions to 7 what we knowor think we know.

26、 An old 8 illustrates this. A man and his son are in an accident. The 9 is killed; the boy is rushed to the hospital for emergency 10 . The surgeon comes into the operating room, looks at the boy, and 11 , “I can“t operate. That“s my son.“ Who is the surgeon? The boy“s mother. Many people are 12 by

27、this riddle because they expect a doctor (especially a surgeon) to be a 13 . All of us have this tendency to interpret communications in the 14 of our own ideas and beliefs. Sometimes, different people may 15 different messages in the same communication. Take the TV 16 All in the Family . Students v

28、iewers who had been identified 17 highly prejudiced saw the main character, a bigoted white man 18 Archie Bunker, as a likeable grouch who won most of his 19 with members of his family. Students who were low in prejudice thought 20 Archie lost these arguments and that the whole point of the show was

29、 to ridicule his prejudices. In short, our perceptions of the social world are anything but accurate copies of what is going on outside. We pick and choose, according to our expectations, and we fit what we see into a mental image of reality which we have already formed. In large part, what we “see“

30、 is determined by where we stand in the social system. Ask a fourth-grader, a teacher, a principal, a janitor, and a parent to describe the same school, and you will get five different pictures. Each has different information, and each looks at the same “facts“ in a different way. Ask a man and wife

31、 to describe their marriage, and you might not know they were talking about the same family. “His“ marriage and “her“ marriage may be quite different. What is common sense to a man may be nonsense to a woman!（分数：40.00）解析：horizon解析 空后的 your eyes send an image 和空前的介词 on 暗示该空丢掉的是 horizon。解析：brain解析 人的眼

32、睛看到一个 image 时，这个 image 所转送的无疑是大脑，即 brian。解析：perceive解析 本文讲的就是 perception，其动词 perceive 也就自然符合该句的语境了。解析：expand解析 该空之后的 contract 暗示该空丢掉的是动词 expand。请注意：很多的时侯两个并列形容词或动词，或是“相互依托”，或是“循序渐进”。诸如 clean and tidy，go and have a look就是最简单的例子。解析：blue解析 其后的 you will percieve it as blue 分明标示该空应为 blue。解析：streetlight解析

33、 该段讲的是人对自己车颜色的辨认，所以其辨认的场地是马路和街道。在under 一词的暗示下，填写 streetlight 也就顺理成章了。解析：fit解析 空前的 we adjust our perceptions to 的目的无疑是 to fit what we know.所以动词 fit 是唯一的选择。解析：riddle解析 空前的 an old 和空后的 illustrates this 已暗示该空应为 riddle。如果将 saying填入此空，尽管语法上是正确的，但语意不通。这一点值得体味。解析：father解析 从上下文来看，被 killed 的无疑是 father。解析：surg

34、ery解析 空前的 to the hospital for emergency 暗示此空漏掉的是 surgery，只要读者从上句以“无障碍意识”读下去，这个漏掉的词就能被读出来。这一点值得引起注意。解析：exclaims解析 该空之后的“I can“t operate.”是将该空填写 exclaims 的重要参照。解析：stumped解析 空后的 by this riddle 首先暗示该空漏掉的是一个动词的过去分词，而从全句语境来看，这个词应该是 stumped，意即“使难住”、“使受挫”。填写此空有一定的难度。解析：man解析 将 man 填入此空的难度一般不很大，如果原文空前再加上 goo

35、d 一词，此空所漏掉的词就一目了然了。解析：light解析 填写此空的关键是对全句的理解，特别是空前 to interpret 一词的参照，看出其后是 in the light of 的搭配也就轻而易举了。解析：perceive解析 如不细看，将诸如 interpret，understand，know 等词填入此空也很正常，而能将 perceive 填入就需要一些语感了。解析：series 解析 填此空的重要参照是空后的节目名称，即 All in the Family ，这样，确定出跟随 TV 之后的 series 也就顺理成章了。解析：as解析 to be identified as.是个习

36、惯用法。解析：named解析 一看空后的名子就知这里漏掉的词是 named。解析：arguments解析 之后的 arguments 明显暗示该空应填 arguments。解析：that解析 从前面的主句和空后的分句一看就知道，这里漏掉的是 that。填写此空靠的是语法分析能力。从该篇的完形来看，有两点值得引起注意：一是空前、空后的语境分析，二是语言结构的语法分析。Robert RosenthalBorn in 1933, Robert Rosenthal dashed over the academic hurdles in record time. He received his B. A

37、. at twenty years of age and his Ph.D. by the time he was twenty-three, both at the University of California at Los Angeles. He then spent brief periods at UCLA, Ohio State, and the University of North Dakota. His work 21 increasing notice throughout the professional world. The idea of the self-fulf

38、illing 22 was not new to psychology. What was new, however, was Rosenthal“s 23 to demonstrate how often this phenomenon was 24 the work of the psychologists themselves. His 25 were almost immediately 26 . And, as if to create ore controversy among psychologists, since his early work had not 27 been

39、replicated, the department of social relations at Harvard University 28 halfway across the country to North Dakota and offered Rosenthal a Harvard 29 , all by the time he was twenty-nine years old. 30 the move to the East and more time for research, Rosenthal sifted into 31 gear. He not only replica

40、ted his original findings but began to produce 32 on his important concept in a wide variety of areas. As 33 in the text, each time one of his studies is criticized, he has been able to 34 the critics not with rhetoric but rather with more research data to 35 his position. The controversy itself, of

41、 course, continues. The 36 outcome has been to produce more evidence, more sophisticated research 37 , and thus more comprehensive information for educational psychology. In 38 , he has now established the importance of nonverbal channels as the meaning of communicating expectations to others.（分数：19

42、.98）解析：attracted解析：prophecy解析：ability解析：affecting解析：findings解析：controversial解析：then解析：reached解析：professorship解析：With解析：high解析：studies解析：noted解析：answer解析：validate解析：major解析：designs解析：additionThe Enormity of Wicked WordsSomeone struck by an event will often say, “Words fail me.“ Shock, disbelief or an

43、ger leaves them unable to synchronize heart, brain and mouth. After a bit of huffing and puffing, words begin to splutter out again as fast and disorganized as water over rocks, which is the way most conversation tumbles along. But what happens when we fail words? That can be more serious. There are

44、 warning signs of this betrayal. One is the grafting of fancy new fruit onto old wordstock. Novelist Kingsley Amis pronounced 20 years ago: “If there“s one word that sums up everything that“s gone wrong since the War, it“s workshop .“ Amis, ever waspish, presumably was fuming about the 39 of a place

45、 of craft into a synonym for group 40 , or into a vacuous verb, as in, “Say Arthur, how “bout we do breakfast and 41 that scenario?“ Another indicator of cracks in the building blocks of 42 is elongation, such as the cancerous spreadits cells multiplying 43 than sixfoldof “war“ to “military interven

46、tion.“ Once the 44 takes hold, sense can double back upon itself. In 45 Orwell“s Nineteen eighty-Four , suddenly “War is peace. Freedom is 46 . Ignorance is strength.“ Sometimes we fail words because we let a 47 sense mist into another. For example, disinterested, meaning unbiased, has been 48 up by

47、 uninterested. A person in court wants the judge to be one but 49 the other. And if your lawyer is discomfited, he may not be 50 uncomfortable but overwhelmingly defeated, or routed. In 51 case, any praise he may get from you will be fulsome, not copious 52 insincere. Where“s the enormity in all thi

48、senormity meaning 53 , not hugeness? An old wordsmith I knew, the late Stephen Murray-Smith, 54 that while it“s stuffy to resist blindly the fact that meanings change, “when a new 55 tends to diminish or drive out an old and important usage it should be 56 .“ He urged people to fight “the enormity o

49、f using enormity to mean enormous.“ The problem runs 57 than the loss of clarity in euphemism or maddening appropriations by advertisers. We can even 58 cede a time-honored meaning to those in need of a less prejudicial tag, as in gay.（分数：40.00）解析：corruption解析：babbling解析：workshop解析：meaning解析：more解析：disease解析：George解析：slavery解析：specific解析：gobbled解析：not解析：made解析：which解析：but解析：wickedness解析：wrote解析：usage解析：opposed解析：deeper解析：occasionally