公共英语((五级)6及答案解析.doc

1、公共英语(五级)6 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The new prestige of the British graduates is the most spectacular because in the past Britain has been much 【B1】 interested in universities and degrees than other advanced countries or even some backward 【B2】 . In 1901 Ramsay Mu

2、ir observed that Britain had 【B3】 universities per head than any other civilized country in Europe except Turkey. A UNESCO survey in 1967 【B4】 Britain was still close to the bottom in Europe, in 【B5】 of the proportion of the age-group from twenty to twenty-four who were enrolled in 【B6】 education. M

3、ost continental countries in the 【B7】 decade have expanded their higher education faster than Britain. University statistics are notoriously difficult to compare, because of the different implications of the word “student“ ; in most continental countries anyone who 【B8】 his final school exam the bac

4、calaureate is entitled to go into the university on the principle of “let him pass“ ; but he has 【B9】 guarantees of tuition or personal attention. Partly as a result there are far more drop-outs and “ghost students“ ; in France half the students never become graduates. A comparison of graduates, as

5、opposed 【B10】 students, shows Britain in 【B11】 favorable light, for most British students take a degree. 【B12】 even in terms of graduates, Britain is still 【B13】 in the Europe league. Going to university is a much more solid ambition among the sons of the bourgeoisie in France or Germany than in 【B1

6、4】 ; many of the British middle-classes 【B15】 the shopkeepers and small-business men have tended to be skeptical, if 【B16】 actually hostile, to university education for their children, and there are still rich and quite intelligent parents who will prefer their children to go straight 【B17】 school i

7、nto the city, to the army 【B18】 to farming. But the attractions of a BA or 【B19】 MA have penetrated into areas, 【B20】 among the rich and the poor, where they would not have been felt twenty years ago; and they are far-reaching. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_

8、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Paul Straussmann, retired vice president of Xerox, indicates in his book Information Pay-off that “almost half of the U. S. information workers are in executive, managerial, administrativ

9、e and professional positions“. He further states that “managers and professionals spend more than half of their time in communicating with each other“. In other words, people are a corporations most expensive resource. For a typical office, over 90% of the operating budget is for salaries, benefits

10、and over head. With this investment, is it any wonder that managers are focusing more and more attention on employee productivity? They realize that the paper jungle cannot be tamed simply by hiring more people. To receive a return on their investment, wise corporate executive officers are realizing

11、 what industrialists and agriculturists learned long ago efficient tools are essential for increased productivity. A direct relationship exists between efficient flow of information and the quality and speed of the output of the end product. For those companies using technology, the per document cos

12、t of information processing is only a fraction of what it was a few years ago. The decreasing cost of computers and peripherals (equipment tied to the computer) will continue to make technology a cost-effective tool in the future. An example of this type of savings is illustrated in the case of the

13、Western Division of General Telephone and Electronics Company ( GTE ). By making a one-time investment of $10 million to automate its facilities, management estimates an annual saving of $8.5 million for the company. This savings is gained mainly through the elimination of support people once needed

14、 for proposal projects. Through a telecommunications network that supports 150 computer terminals with good graphics capabilities, the engineers who conceptualize the projects are now direct participants. They use the graphics capacities of the computer rather than rely on drafters to prepare drawin

15、gs, they enter their own text rather than employ typists, and they use the network to track project progress rather than conducting meetings. （分数：1.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author quotes Straussmanns words in order to make clear_.（分数：0.20）A.the importance of communicative capability in bus

16、inessB.the need for people of higher positions in a companyC.the importance of assigning people to proper positionsD.the necessity for people in higher positions to know information science(2).Todays corporate executive officers resemble the industrialists and agriculturists in the past in their rea

17、lization of_.（分数：0.20）A.the essential roles of the workers in turning out more productsB.the importance of information to a companys developmentC.the importance of technology leading to high employee productivityD.the necessity of providing employees with a comfortable environment(3).Which of the fo

18、llowing might be the result from the use of efficient technology in corporations?（分数：0.20）A.The quantity of products will be considerably increased.B.The cost of computers will be decreased.C.The per document cost of information processing will be reduced.D.The newest information will be easier to o

19、btain.(4).The GTEs example shows that_.（分数：0.20）A.efficient technology is cost-effectiveB.many meetings in a company are unnecessaryC.many positions like that of a typist can be done away withD.it doesnt cost much to automate the facilities of a company(5).According to this passage, what is the most

20、 expensive resource in a corporation?（分数：0.20）A.Product.B.Human resource.C.Raw materials.D.Clients of the corporation.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academi

21、c title: the MBA ( Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of bus

22、iness school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the co

23、rporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,“ said Donald Morrison, Professor of marketing and management science. “ But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends. “ The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs,

24、 such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. , has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize compl

25、aints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “ extremely disappointing“ and said “ MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs. “

26、 The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business car

27、eer could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash against the antibusiness values of the 1960s and by the womens movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “ They

28、dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,“ said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. （分数：1.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?（分数：0.20）

29、A.Scornful.B.Appreciative.C.Envious.D.Realistic.(2).It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by_.（分数：0.20）A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of M

30、BAs at work(3).What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?（分数：0.20）A.They are usually self-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.(4).From the passage we know that most MB A

31、s_.（分数：0.20）A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations about their future(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：0.20）A.Why there is an

32、 increased enrollment in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human spec

33、ies. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to

34、 their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive be

35、havior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been direc

36、ted. The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is reveng

37、e. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals

38、from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection. The other side o

39、f a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other, sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a tr

40、ial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme, sacrifice. Times of war test a communitys deepest religious and ethical commitments. （分数：1.00）(1).Human violence shows evide

41、nce of being a learned behavior in that_.（分数：0.20）A.it threatens the existing social systemsB.it is influenced by societyC.it has roots in religious conflictsD.it is directed against institutions of law(2).The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is_.（分数：0.20）A.to control violence wi

42、thin a societyB.to protect the world from chaosC.to free society from the idea of revengeD.to give the government absolute power(3).What does the author mean by, saying “. in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused“ in the second paragraph?（分数：0.20）A.Legal s

43、ystems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B.Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C.Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D.Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.(4).The word “allegiance“ in the thir

44、d paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：0.20）A.loyaltyB.objectiveC.survivalD.motive(5).What can we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：0.20）A.Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B.In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C.In times of war g

45、overnments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D.Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.三、Part B Directions: I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)In the front room of a shabby terraced house in Maryport, Cumbria, a woman lay on the sofa covered by a bl

46、anket, her body emaciated by years of illness. 66. ( ) His father, also a Maryport man, had been often out of work; his son, now 15, aspires no higher than a factory job because he knows that he will be lucky to get even this when he leaves school. The family is beset by poverty, illness and despair

47、. The man is dependent on tranquilizers; his wife has been in and out of psychiatrichospital. She said: “ I got run down because we had so much debt and things just got on top of me. “ Unemployment, said the man, sapped all his vitality. “ Its the same thing every day. You get off bed in the morning

48、, eat and then back to bed, and thats it,“ he said. The three children would have no heavy clothes this winter. They all lived on canned food and could not remember when they last ate fresh meat. When the fuel bills came in the rent could not be paid. Unemployment in Maryport is running at about 12% , twice the national average. It has remained high since the 1930s and the town has been in decline for generations as the old industries of fishing, s