公共英语五级-186及答案解析.doc

1、公共英语五级-186 及答案解析(总分：111.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BPart A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Miss Wang has met Professor Kennedy before.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Professor Kennedy is a home economist.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Professor Kennedy chose the Tucson area to do his study because it

2、is a typical American city.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Inexpensive foods tend to be wasted more than expensive foods.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Foods not in sufficient supply tend to be wasted more.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).The average family wastes at least $ 150 per year in food.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).American famili

3、es throw out 8% - 19% of edible food.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).When sugar price doubled, waste of sugar also doubled.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Professor Kennedys estimates are based on measuring food in trash.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Dogs waste less food because they value food more.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、BPart B/B(

4、总题数：4，分数：12.00)（分数：3.00）(1).Us investigators of the Egypt Air 990 think that the crash resulted from _. A. terrorists bombing B. bad weather C. a deliberate act D. malfunctions of critical components（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The head of the Egypt/an investigative team doubted that the tragedy might have

5、been caused by _. A. the design of the plane part B. mechanical trouble C. malfunctions of critical components D. wrong navigation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).As far as the crash is concerned, Carl Vogt saw eye to eye with _. A. E1 Batouty B. Shaker Kelada C. Mohsen EL Missiry D. Hall（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.

6、00）(1).Which of the following statements is true according to the speaker? A. Most people have dictionaries but dont use them frequently. B. Most people dont have dictionaries but need them very often. C. Most people have dictionaries and use them very often. D. Most people dont have dictionaries an

7、d seldom need them.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do people usually think a dictionary is used for according to the speaker? A. Finding the part of speech of a word. B. Finding what a word means. C. Finding how to spell a word. D. Finding how to pronounce a word.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the speaker

8、 suggest the readers do if they are not sure about the spelling of a word? A. Look for another word to use instead. B. Open a dictionary and check the spelling. C. Write it the way they think its spelled. D. Wait around for someone to tell them the spelling.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.00）(1).Why did the

9、woman go to see her doctor? A. She was coming down with something. B. She wanted some advice on prevention. C. She felt a little embarrassed. D. She went there for a medical checkup.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What might be the woman according to the dialogue? A. A patient. B. A mother. C. A student. D. A

10、traveller.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why did the man suggest that the woman go to the university health center? A. To get an X-ray examination. B. To get some exercise. C. To stay there for further treatment. D. To get immunized.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.00）(1).Why was it not a good day to launch the shuttle

11、? A. Because there is something wrong with the shuttle. B. Because thunderstorms was coming. C. Because NASA wanted to choose a lucky date. D. Because crew members changed their plans.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What will another shuttle do next month if Discoverys mission is successful? A. To resume space

12、 station construction. B. To practice inspection during a spacewalk. C. To deliver supplies to keep the space station running. D. To practice methods of repairing the vehicles fragile shell in orbit.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does Thomas Reiter do? A. He is Vice President. B. He is Launch Director. C

13、. He is a German astronaut. D. He is an American astronaut.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).What kind of overview does the book intend to give about American society?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Who wrote most of the articles in the book?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What is said about the poi

14、nts of views of some articles on the same topic?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).In what form do most articles appear in this book?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What is the criteria for choosing an earlier article rather than a later one?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).What type of students is the book mainly compiled for?（分数：1.00）填空

15、项 1:_(7).What English language level are the readers of this book expected to have?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).What does the speaker say they would welcome from the readers?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).What do the compilers hope that the readers would do after reading the book?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).In general, what a

16、spects of America are introduced into this book?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from U U 1 /U /Upraise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, U U 2 /U /Uresearch the relation U U 3 /U /Uactions and t

17、heir consequences argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain U U 4 /U /Urewards often destroy creativity U U 5 /U /Uencouraging depend ence U U 6 /U /Uapproval and gifts from others.The latter view has gain

18、ed many supporters, especially U U 7 /U /Ueducators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks U U 8 /U /Uin grade-school children, suggesting U U 9 /U /Uproperly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, U U 10 /U /Uto a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psycholog

19、y.“If kids know theyre working for a U U 11 /U /Uand can focus U U 12 /U /Ua relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity“, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for U U 13 /U /Uperformance or creating too U

20、U 14 /U /Uanticipation for re wards. “A teacher U U 15 /U /Ucontinually draws attention to rewards or who hands U U 16 /U /Uhigh grades for ordinary achievement ends up U U 17 /U /Udiscouraged students, Eisenberger holds. U U 18 /U /Uan example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major

21、universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing U U 19 /U /U.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in U U 20 /U /Ustudents handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Dela

22、ware psychologist claims.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Novel approaches to baby making seem to be

23、 coming at us so fast that we hardly have time to digest one before the next one hits test-tube babies, egg donation, surrogacy, cloning and now sex selection. And just as with earlier methods, the new sperm-separation technique announced last week has triggered plenty of ethical concern. Only a few

24、 critics have argued that tampering with nature to avoid a sex-linked genetic disease should be taboo. But plenty have expressed misgivings about using the new technology more casually, to balance families, or simply because parents prefer boys or girls. Such choices, critics say, could lead to an i

25、mbalance in the sex ratio, with drastic consequences for society.These arguments are not very persuasive. In some developing countries where boys are more highly valued than girls, sex selection is already standard practice, accomplished by means of infanticide of amniocentesis and abortion. The new

26、 sperm-separation technique makes it easier for more people to practice sex selection in these countries.This could skew the already tilting sex ratio even further in favor of boys. In the short term, such demographic shifts could cause enormous societal problems as men, for example, find it increas

27、ingly difficult to find women to marry. In the long term, however, both evolutionary and economic theories tell us that as girls become scarcer, they will become more highly valued, perhaps to the point at which more people will select for girls than against them.In America and other Western countri

28、es there seems to be little chance of the sexes going far out of balance at all. Polls show that a majority of Americans view a perfect family as having one boy and one girl. If everyone used sex selection to achieve perfection, the result would be perfect balance. Of course, some prospective parent

29、s do prefer children of one sex or the other. But such preferences would presumably balance out as well.Regarding the argument that choosing gender goes against nature: the same objection was used in earlier times by people horrified by vaccines or heart transplants, which are now completely accepta

30、ble. Every time we use medicine to cure a disease or prevent a death, we go against nature willingly. Admittedly, sex selection for family balancing cures no disease. In fact, though, no form of baby making solves a medical problem. Sex selection, moreover, is medically benign in comparison with mos

31、t reproductive technologies. No surgery is involved, and the entire process can theoretically be performed without a physician. Children born through this process cant distinguish from other children.For these reasons, I suspect that as sex selection and other reproductive technologies become more e

32、fficient and less costly, they may be embraced by American families of even modest means who ask themselves, why not? What was once unimaginable could become routine and the link between the sex act and reproduction will no longer be seen as sacred. Ultimately, this may prove to be the real signific

33、ance of sex selection: by breaching a powerful psychological barrier, it will pave the way for true designer babies, who could really turn society upside down.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is not a worry to many people about new ways of baby making? A. Sex selection goes against nature. B. Cho

34、osing gender leads to an imbalance in the sex ratio. C. Preference of a boy over a girl will be terrible for society. D. It is impossible to avoid a sex-linked genetic disease.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the writer, in some developing countries sex selection _. A. is illegal by means of infant

35、icide of amniocentesis and abortion B. would result in more difficult statistical survey of population C. would be likely to keep balance of the sexes in the end D. would meet peoples need for sex discrimination（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is true? A. The sexes go far out o

36、f balance in Western countries. B. Perfect balance would not be achieved in view of an American perfect family. C. Evolutionary and economic theories both predict balance of sex ratio in the long run. D. It is high time for us to prevent sex selection from becoming routine.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The w

37、riters reasons for choosing gender show that _. A. it is natural for people to object even if it is better than other reproductive technologies B. it is easy for people to practice sex selection with no surgery and a physician involved C. vaccines or heart transplants which once horrified people are

38、 now completely acceptable D. even poor people may accept it because they will have cleverer children through the process of sex selection（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The writers main point in writing this article is _. A. we should pave the way for the designer baby B. picking a babys sex may lead to disas

39、ter C. theres much objection to new approaches to baby making D. people often like to have children of one sex or the other（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apahty and stagnation. Too much conflic

40、t leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these sim

41、ple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit seeking organizations and other for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the

42、 type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a differe

43、nt picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-m

44、aking effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexi

45、ties and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, the executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.（分数：4.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is _. A. oversimplified B. misleading C. wrong D. unclear（分数：0.80

46、）A.B.C.D.(2).Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows _. A. the advantages and disadvantages of conflict B. the difficulty in determining optimal level of conflict C. the Complexity of defining the roles of conflict D. the real value of conflict（分数：0.80）A.B.C.D.(3).We can learn from Schwenks research that _. A. it is impossible for people to avoid conflict B. different people